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Lipid a Illustration and Icon
Lipid a
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A schematic shows the membrane-anchoring lipid moiety of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), consisting of a bisphosphorylated glucosamine disaccharide (red hexagons with yellow phosphate groups) bearing multiple fatty acyl chains (black zigzags). In the biological hierarchy, this glycolipid forms the hydrophobic anchor of LPS within the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. In microbiology and biochemistry, it functions as the endotoxin that activates innate immunity via the TLR4 (Toll-like receptor 4) signaling pathway, inducing cytokine production.
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