{"id":50226,"date":"2024-02-06T16:12:40","date_gmt":"2024-02-06T19:12:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/academic-integrity-copy\/"},"modified":"2024-02-06T16:12:41","modified_gmt":"2024-02-06T19:12:41","slug":"machine-learning-in-science","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/zh\/machine-learning-in-science\/","title":{"rendered":"\u63ed\u793a\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u5bf9\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5f71\u54cd"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5f7b\u5e95\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u63a2\u7d22\u548c\u5206\u6790\u590d\u6742\u6570\u636e\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u80fd\u591f\u81ea\u52a8\u5b66\u4e60\u6a21\u5f0f\u3001\u8fdb\u884c\u9884\u6d4b\u548c\u53d1\u73b0\u9690\u85cf\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\uff0c\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u63a2\u7d22\u5f00\u8f9f\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u9014\u5f84\u3002\u672c\u6587\u65e8\u5728\u901a\u8fc7\u63a2\u8ba8\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u3001\u8fd9\u4e00\u9886\u57df\u6240\u53d6\u5f97\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4e3a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u53d1\u73b0\u6240\u8574\u542b\u7684\u6f5c\u529b\uff0c\u7a81\u51fa\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u5173\u952e\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u89e3\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u6b63\u5728\u7a81\u7834\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u9519\u7efc\u590d\u6742\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u4e3a\u5f00\u521b\u6027\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u94fa\u5e73\u9053\u8def\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-what-is-machine-learning\"><strong>\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\uff1f<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u662f <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Artificial_intelligence\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd<\/a> (\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\uff08AI\uff09\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u5f00\u53d1\u7b97\u6cd5\u548c\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4f7f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u80fd\u591f\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u786e\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u505a\u51fa\u9884\u6d4b\u6216\u51b3\u7b56\u3002\u5b83\u6d89\u53ca\u5bf9\u7edf\u8ba1\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u6280\u672f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4f7f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u80fd\u591f\u81ea\u52a8\u5206\u6790\u548c\u89e3\u91ca\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3001\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u53d6\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\u548c\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u7ae0 <a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/artificial-intelligence-in-science\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-machine-learning-in-science\"><strong>\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u5404\u79cd\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u6709\u529b\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5f7b\u5e95\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5206\u6790\u548c\u89e3\u91ca\u590d\u6742\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u6280\u672f\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u5e94\u5bf9\u5404\u79cd\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u5982\u9884\u6d4b\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u5929\u4f53\u5206\u7c7b\u3001\u6c14\u5019\u6a21\u5f0f\u5efa\u6a21\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bc6\u522b\u9057\u4f20\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u8bad\u7ec3\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u53d1\u73b0\u9690\u85cf\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u505a\u51fa\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u5e76\u52a0\u6df1\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u7684\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u4e0d\u4ec5\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u7684\u6548\u7387\u548c\u51c6\u786e\u6027\uff0c\u8fd8\u5f00\u8f9f\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u9014\u5f84\uff0c\u4f7f\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u80fd\u591f\u89e3\u51b3\u590d\u6742\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u52a0\u5feb\u5404\u81ea\u9886\u57df\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-types-of-machine-learning\"><strong>\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u7c7b\u578b<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u67d0\u4e9b\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u6db5\u76d6\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u6bcf\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u6280\u672f\u90fd\u9002\u5408\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u9886\u57df\u548c\u6570\u636e\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u548c\u4ece\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u4efb\u52a1\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u5408\u9002\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u5229\u7528\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u529f\u80fd\u6765\u63d0\u53d6\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b\u548c\u505a\u51fa\u660e\u667a\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:21px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"700\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/machine-learning-in-science-1-blog.png\" alt=\"\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\" class=\"wp-image-50228\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/machine-learning-in-science-1-blog.png 700w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/machine-learning-in-science-1-blog-300x214.png 300w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/machine-learning-in-science-1-blog-18x12.png 18w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/machine-learning-in-science-1-blog-100x71.png 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><strong>\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5 <a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=content\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mind the Graph<\/a><\/strong><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:21px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-supervised-learning\"><strong>\u76d1\u7763\u5b66\u4e60<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u76d1\u7763\u5b66\u4e60\u662f\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6807\u6ce8\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u8fdb\u884c\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6807\u8bb0\u6570\u636e\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4e0e\u76f8\u5e94\u8f93\u51fa\u6216\u76ee\u6807\u6807\u7b7e\u914d\u5bf9\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u3002\u76d1\u7763\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u4f7f\u6a21\u578b\u80fd\u591f\u5b66\u4e60\u8f93\u5165\u7279\u5f81\u4e0e\u76f8\u5e94\u6807\u7b7e\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bf9\u672a\u89c1\u8fc7\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u636e\u505a\u51fa\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u6216\u5206\u7c7b\u3002&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u8bad\u7ec3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6807\u7b7e\u6570\u636e\u53cd\u590d\u8c03\u6574\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u52aa\u529b\u4f7f\u9884\u6d4b\u8f93\u51fa\u4e0e\u771f\u5b9e\u6807\u7b7e\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u6700\u5c0f\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u5c31\u80fd\u5bf9\u672a\u89c1\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u6cdb\u5316\u5e76\u505a\u51fa\u51c6\u786e\u9884\u6d4b\u3002\u76d1\u7763\u5b66\u4e60\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5404\u79cd\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u56fe\u50cf\u8bc6\u522b\u3001\u8bed\u97f3\u8bc6\u522b\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\u548c\u9884\u6d4b\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-unsupervised-learning\"><strong>\u65e0\u76d1\u7763\u5b66\u4e60<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u65e0\u76d1\u7763\u5b66\u4e60\u662f\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5728\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u9884\u5b9a\u4e49\u76ee\u6807\u6807\u7b7e\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5bf9\u65e0\u6807\u7b7e\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u548c\u805a\u7c7b\u3002\u5728\u65e0\u76d1\u7763\u5b66\u4e60\u4e2d\uff0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u65e8\u5728\u81ea\u52a8\u68c0\u6d4b\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3001\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u548c\u5dee\u5f02\u6027\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9690\u85cf\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u65e0\u76d1\u7763\u5b66\u4e60\u4f7f\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u548c\u4f01\u4e1a\u80fd\u591f\u83b7\u5f97\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\uff0c\u5e76\u505a\u51fa\u6570\u636e\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u3002&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u63a2\u7d22\u6027\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u7279\u522b\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u63a2\u7d22\u6027\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4e86\u89e3\u6570\u636e\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5e76\u8bc6\u522b\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u65e0\u76d1\u7763\u5b66\u4e60\u8fd8\u53ef\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5ba2\u6237\u7ec6\u5206\u3001\u5f02\u5e38\u68c0\u6d4b\u3001\u63a8\u8350\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u56fe\u50cf\u8bc6\u522b\u7b49\u591a\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-reinforcement-learning\"><strong>\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\uff08RL\uff09\u662f\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u667a\u80fd\u4ee3\u7406\u5982\u4f55\u5b66\u4f1a\u5728\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u505a\u51fa\u6700\u4f18\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u4ee5\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u5730\u63d0\u9ad8\u7d2f\u79ef\u5956\u52b1\u3002\u4e0e\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u6807\u8bb0\u8f93\u5165\/\u8f93\u51fa\u5bf9\u7684\u76d1\u7763\u5b66\u4e60\u6216\u8bd5\u56fe\u53d1\u73b0\u9690\u85cf\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u65e0\u76d1\u7763\u5b66\u4e60\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u8fdb\u884c\u5b66\u4e60\u3002\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5728\u63a2\u7d22\uff08\u5373\u4ee3\u7406\u53d1\u73b0\u65b0\u7b56\u7565\uff09\u548c\u5229\u7528\uff08\u5373\u4ee3\u7406\u5229\u7528\u73b0\u6709\u77e5\u8bc6\u505a\u51fa\u660e\u667a\u51b3\u7b56\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u627e\u5230\u5e73\u8861\u3002&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u4e2d\uff0c\u73af\u5883\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Markov_decision_process\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u9a6c\u5c14\u53ef\u592b\u51b3\u7b56\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/a> (MDP\uff09\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u52a8\u6001\u7f16\u7a0b\u6280\u672f\u3002\u4e0e\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u7f16\u7a0b\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u540c\uff0cRL \u7b97\u6cd5\u4e0d\u9700\u8981 MDP \u7684\u7cbe\u786e\u6570\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e3a\u5904\u7406\u7cbe\u786e\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u5207\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u95ee\u9898\u800c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5e94\u7528\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u4ee3\u7406\u53ef\u4ee5\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\u8c03\u6574\u548c\u63d0\u9ad8\u5176\u51b3\u7b56\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u4e3a\u81ea\u4e3b\u5bfc\u822a\u3001\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u3001\u6e38\u620f\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u7b49\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5f3a\u5927\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-machine-learning-algorithms-and-techniques\"><strong>\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7b97\u6cd5\u548c\u6280\u672f<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7b97\u6cd5\u548c\u6280\u672f\u5177\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u53ef\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5404\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u89e3\u51b3\u590d\u6742\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6bcf\u79cd\u7b97\u6cd5\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4f18\u7f3a\u70b9\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u548c\u4ece\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u9002\u5408\u5176\u7279\u5b9a\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u9886\u57df\u505a\u51fa\u660e\u667a\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-random-forests\"><strong>\u968f\u673a\u68ee\u6797<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u968f\u673a\u68ee\u6797\u662f\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6d41\u884c\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u96c6\u5408\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u8303\u7574\u3002\u5b83\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u51b3\u7b56\u6811\u7ec4\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u9884\u6d4b\u6216\u5206\u7c7b\u3002\u968f\u673a\u68ee\u6797\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u68f5\u51b3\u7b56\u6811\u90fd\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5b50\u96c6\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u8bad\u7ec3\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u9884\u6d4b\u7ed3\u679c\u7531\u6240\u6709\u51b3\u7b56\u6811\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u7ed3\u679c\u6c47\u603b\u786e\u5b9a\u3002\u968f\u673a\u68ee\u6797\u4ee5\u5176\u5904\u7406\u590d\u6742\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u3001\u63d0\u4f9b\u51c6\u786e\u9884\u6d4b\u548c\u5904\u7406\u7f3a\u5931\u503c\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u800c\u8457\u79f0\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u91d1\u878d\u3001\u533b\u7597\u4fdd\u5065\u548c\u56fe\u50cf\u8bc6\u522b\u7b49\u591a\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-deep-learning-algorithm\"><strong>\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u7b97\u6cd5<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u662f\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u96c6\uff0c\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u8bad\u7ec3\u5177\u6709\u591a\u5c42\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u6765\u5b66\u4e60\u6570\u636e\u8868\u793a\u3002\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Convolutional_neural_network\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u5377\u79ef\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc<\/a> \uff08CNN\uff09\u548c <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Recurrent_neural_network\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u9012\u5f52\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc<\/a> (RNN) \u5728\u56fe\u50cf\u548c\u8bed\u97f3\u8bc6\u522b\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\u548c\u63a8\u8350\u7cfb\u7edf\u7b49\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u663e\u8457\u6210\u529f\u3002\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u7b97\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u539f\u59cb\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u81ea\u52a8\u5b66\u4e60\u5206\u5c42\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6355\u6349\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u5e76\u505a\u51fa\u9ad8\u5ea6\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u7b97\u6cd5\u9700\u8981\u5927\u91cf\u6807\u6ce8\u6570\u636e\u548c\u5927\u91cf\u8ba1\u7b97\u8d44\u6e90\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u8bad\u7ec3\u3002\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u6709\u5173\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8bf7\u8bbf\u95ee <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ibm.com\/topics\/deep-learning\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">IBM \u7f51\u7ad9<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-gaussian-processes\"><strong>\u9ad8\u65af\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9ad8\u65af\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff08Gaussian Processes\uff09\u662f\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u4e2d\u57fa\u4e8e\u6982\u7387\u5206\u5e03\u8fdb\u884c\u5efa\u6a21\u548c\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5f3a\u5927\u6280\u672f\u3002\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5c0f\u578b\u3001\u566a\u58f0\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u65f6\uff0c\u9ad8\u65af\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5c24\u5176\u6709\u7528\u3002\u9ad8\u65af\u8fc7\u7a0b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u975e\u53c2\u6570\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u53d8\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5173\u7cfb\u8fdb\u884c\u5efa\u6a21\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u5bf9\u5e95\u5c42\u6570\u636e\u5206\u5e03\u505a\u51fa\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u3002\u9ad8\u65af\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u56de\u5f52\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5176\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u6839\u636e\u8f93\u5165\u7279\u5f81\u4f30\u8ba1\u8fde\u7eed\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u9ad8\u65af\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5728\u5730\u7406\u7edf\u8ba1\u3001\u91d1\u878d\u548c\u4f18\u5316\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u90fd\u6709\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-application-of-machine-learning-in-science\"><strong>\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u5f00\u8f9f\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u9014\u5f84\uff0c\u4f7f\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u80fd\u591f\u89e3\u51b3\u590d\u6742\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u5927\u91cf\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u8fdb\u884c\u9884\u6d4b\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5229\u7528\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b\uff0c\u52a0\u5feb\u79d1\u5b66\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5e76\u63a8\u52a8\u5404\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-medical-imaging\"><strong>\u533b\u5b66\u5f71\u50cf<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u4e3a\u533b\u5b66\u6210\u50cf\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u5f7b\u5e95\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u8bca\u65ad\u548c\u9884\u540e\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7b97\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u6790 X \u5149\u3001\u6838\u78c1\u5171\u632f\u6210\u50cf\u548c CT \u626b\u63cf\u7b49\u533b\u5b66\u5f71\u50cf\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u68c0\u6d4b\u548c\u8bca\u65ad\u5404\u79cd\u75be\u75c5\u548c\u75c5\u75c7\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u8bc6\u522b\u5f02\u5e38\u3001\u5206\u5272\u5668\u5b98\u6216\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u5e76\u9884\u6d4b\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u9884\u540e\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u533b\u5b66\u6210\u50cf\u4e2d\u5229\u7528\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u533b\u7597\u4fdd\u5065\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u8bca\u65ad\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u548c\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6539\u5584\u60a3\u8005\u62a4\u7406\u548c\u6cbb\u7597\u89c4\u5212\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-active-learning\"><strong>\u4e3b\u52a8\u5b66\u4e60<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3b\u52a8\u5b66\u4e60\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u80fd\u4f7f\u7b97\u6cd5\u4ee5\u4ea4\u4e92\u65b9\u5f0f\u5411\u4eba\u7c7b\u6216\u7532\u9aa8\u6587\u67e5\u8be2\u6807\u6ce8\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f53\u4f7f\u7528\u6709\u9650\u7684\u6807\u6ce8\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u6216\u6807\u6ce8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8017\u65f6\u6216\u6602\u8d35\u65f6\uff0c\u4e3b\u52a8\u5b66\u4e60\u5c31\u663e\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u667a\u80fd\u5730\u9009\u62e9\u4fe1\u606f\u91cf\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u8fdb\u884c\u6807\u6ce8\uff0c\u4e3b\u52a8\u5b66\u4e60\u7b97\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u8f83\u5c11\u7684\u6807\u6ce8\u5b9e\u4f8b\u8fbe\u5230\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u7387\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u51cf\u8f7b\u4eba\u5de5\u6807\u6ce8\u7684\u8d1f\u62c5\uff0c\u52a0\u901f\u79d1\u5b66\u53d1\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-scientific-applications\"><strong>\u79d1\u5b66\u5e94\u7528<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5404\u4e2a\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u79d1\u3002\u5728\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u5b66\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7b97\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u6790 DNA \u548c RNA \u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8bc6\u522b\u57fa\u56e0\u53d8\u5f02\u3001\u9884\u6d4b\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u7ed3\u6784\u5e76\u4e86\u89e3\u57fa\u56e0\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u5728\u6750\u6599\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5177\u6709\u6240\u9700\u7279\u6027\u7684\u65b0\u6750\u6599\u3001\u52a0\u901f\u6750\u6599\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u4f18\u5316\u5236\u9020\u5de5\u827a\u3002\u5728\u73af\u5883\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u6280\u672f\u8fd8\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u9884\u6d4b\u548c\u76d1\u6d4b\u6c61\u67d3\u6c34\u5e73\u3001\u5929\u6c14\u9884\u62a5\u548c\u5206\u6790\u6c14\u5019\u6570\u636e\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u5728\u7269\u7406\u3001\u5316\u5b66\u3001\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u548c\u8bb8\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u4e5f\u53d1\u6325\u7740\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u5efa\u6a21\u3001\u6a21\u62df\u548c\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-benefits-of-machine-learning-in-science\"><strong>\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u5bf9\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u76ca\u5904<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u4f17\u591a\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u6df1\u8fdc\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e3b\u8981\u4f18\u52bf\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u589e\u5f3a\u578b\u9884\u6d4b\u5efa\u6a21\uff1a<\/strong> 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\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u4f7f\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u63a2\u7d22\u6d77\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u3001\u63d0\u51fa\u5047\u8bbe\u548c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u52a0\u901f\u79d1\u5b66\u53d1\u73b0\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5229\u7528\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb\u65b0\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u65b0\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\uff0c\u5e76\u786e\u5b9a\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u5ffd\u89c6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u8fd9\u5c06\u5728\u5404\u4e2a\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u5e26\u6765\u7a81\u7834\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u521b\u65b0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-communicate-science-visually-with-the-power-of-the-best-and-free-infographic-maker\"><strong>\u501f\u52a9\u6700\u4f73\u514d\u8d39\u4fe1\u606f\u56fe\u8868\u5236\u4f5c\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u76f4\u89c2\u5730\u4f20\u64ad\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=content\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mind the Graph<\/a> \u8be5\u5e73\u53f0\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u5b9d\u8d35\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u53ef\u5e2e\u52a9\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4ee5\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6709\u6548\u4f20\u8fbe\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u3002\u501f\u52a9\u6700\u4f73\u514d\u8d39\u4fe1\u606f\u56fe\u8868\u5236\u4f5c\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u8be5\u5e73\u53f0\u53ef\u5e2e\u52a9\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u521b\u5efa\u5f15\u4eba\u5165\u80dc\u3001\u5185\u5bb9\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u56fe\u8868\uff0c\u76f4\u89c2\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u590d\u6742\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u6570\u636e\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5c55\u793a\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u3001\u89e3\u91ca\u79d1\u5b66\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u6570\u636e\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0cMind the Graph \u5e73\u53f0\u90fd\u80fd\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4ee5\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u65b9\u5f0f\u6e05\u6670\u3001\u6709\u529b\u5730\u4f20\u8fbe\u79d1\u5b66\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u514d\u8d39\u6ce8\u518c\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u521b\u5efa\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:21px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=content\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"648\" height=\"535\" src=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/beautiful-poster-templates.png\" alt=\"\u7cbe\u7f8e\u6d77\u62a5\u6a21\u677f\" class=\"wp-image-25482\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/beautiful-poster-templates.png 648w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/beautiful-poster-templates-300x248.png 300w, 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class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u7684\u7a81\u7834\u6027\u521b\u65b0\u3001\u591a\u6837\u5316\u5e94\u7528\u548c\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\u7684\u524d\u6cbf\u9886\u57df\u3002<\/p>","protected":false},"author":35,"featured_media":50232,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Unveiling the Influence of Machine Learning in Science<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Delve into the groundbreaking innovations, diverse applications, and compelling frontiers of machine learning in science.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link 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