{"id":29458,"date":"2023-09-15T13:57:40","date_gmt":"2023-09-15T16:57:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/moderate-variable-copy\/"},"modified":"2024-12-05T16:10:13","modified_gmt":"2024-12-05T19:10:13","slug":"what-is-a-descriptive-study","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/zh\/%e4%bb%80%e4%b9%88%e6%98%af%e6%8f%8f%e8%bf%b0%e6%80%a7%e7%a0%94%e7%a9%b6\/","title":{"rendered":"\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5b83\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u662f\u5404\u5b66\u79d1\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u5fc5\u5907\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53ef\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u5173\u4eba\u53e3\u3001\u7fa4\u4f53\u6216\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u3001\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u8d8b\u52bf\u7684\u5b9d\u8d35\u89c1\u89e3\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u751f\u6210\u5047\u8bbe\u3001\u786e\u5b9a\u6a21\u5f0f\u4ee5\u53ca\u751f\u6210\u6709\u5173\u7279\u5b9a\u4e3b\u9898\u6216\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u9886\u57df\u7684\u65b0\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-what-is-a-descriptive-study\"><strong>\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7814\u7a76\uff1f<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u662f\u4e00\u79cd <a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/research-methods\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5<\/a> \u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u662f\u6307\u5728\u4e0d\u64cd\u7eb5\u4efb\u4f55\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u89c2\u5bdf\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u7279\u5b9a\u4eba\u7fa4\u6216\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3001\u7279\u5f81\u6216\u72b6\u51b5\u3002\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e00\u73b0\u8c61\u6216\u4eba\u7fa4\u8fdb\u884c\u8be6\u7ec6\u800c\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u91c7\u7528\u5404\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u6536\u96c6\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5982\u8c03\u67e5\u3001\u8bbf\u8c08\u548c\u89c2\u5bdf\u3002&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-objectives-of-a-descriptive-study\"><strong>\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u76ee\u6807<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e00\u73b0\u8c61\u6216\u76f8\u5173\u4eba\u7fa4\u8fdb\u884c\u8be6\u7ec6\u800c\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u76ee\u6807\u5305\u62ec<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u63cf\u8ff0\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff1a<\/strong> \u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u65e8\u5728\u8be6\u7ec6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7279\u5b9a\u4eba\u7fa4\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5982\u4eba\u53e3\u7edf\u8ba1\u3001\u5065\u5eb7\u72b6\u51b5\u3001\u884c\u4e3a\u3001\u6001\u5ea6\u548c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u786e\u5b9a\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216\u8d8b\u52bf\uff1a<\/strong> \u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u786e\u5b9a\u884c\u4e3a\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4e3a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6216\u5e72\u9884\u63aa\u65bd\u63d0\u4f9b\u6307\u5bfc\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u63d0\u51fa\u5047\u8bbe\uff1a<\/strong> \u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c31\u5f71\u54cd\u7279\u5b9a\u73b0\u8c61\u6216\u4eba\u7fa4\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u539f\u56e0\u6216\u56e0\u7d20\u63d0\u51fa\u5047\u8bbe\u6216\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u4fc3\u8fdb\u7406\u89e3\uff1a<\/strong> \u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u548c\u4ece\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u4e86\u89e3\u67d0\u4e00\u7279\u5b9a\u73b0\u8c61\u6216\u4eba\u7fa4\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5236\u5b9a\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5e72\u9884\u63aa\u65bd\u6216\u653f\u7b56\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/researcher.life\/all-access-pricing?utm_source=mtg&amp;utm_campaign=all-access-promotion&amp;utm_medium=blog\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"410\" src=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Banner-1024x410.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-55424\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Banner-1024x410.png 1024w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Banner-300x120.png 300w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Banner-768x307.png 768w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Banner-1536x615.png 1536w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Banner-2048x820.png 2048w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Banner-18x7.png 18w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Banner-100x40.png 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-types-of-descriptive-studies\"><strong>\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7c7b\u578b<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u53ef\u7528\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-case-reports-and-case-series\"><strong>\u75c5\u4f8b\u62a5\u544a\u548c\u75c5\u4f8b\u7cfb\u5217<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u75c5\u4f8b\u62a5\u544a\u548c\u75c5\u4f8b\u7cfb\u5217\u5c5e\u4e8e\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e00\u7279\u5b9a\u75c5\u75c7\u6216\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u75c5\u4f8b\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u548c\u62a5\u544a\u3002\u75c5\u4f8b\u62a5\u544a\u901a\u5e38\u63cf\u8ff0\u5355\u4e2a\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u4e34\u5e8a\u75c5\u53f2\u3001\u75c7\u72b6\u548c\u6cbb\u7597\uff0c\u800c\u75c5\u4f8b\u7cfb\u5217\u5219\u662f\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e00\u7ec4\u75c5\u60c5\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u75c5\u4eba\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u7f55\u89c1\u75c5\u75c7\u6216\u610f\u60f3\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u7ed3\u679c\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u5728\u786e\u5b9a\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u6216\u5c06\u5176\u63a8\u5e7f\u5230\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\u65b9\u9762\u80fd\u529b\u6709\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-cross-sectional-studies\"><strong>\u6a2a\u65ad\u9762\u7814\u7a76<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6a2a\u65ad\u9762\u7814\u7a76\u5c5e\u4e8e\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u6536\u96c6\u7684\u662f\u5355\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u70b9\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u63cf\u8ff0\u7279\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u6216\u884c\u4e3a\u5728\u4eba\u7fa4\u4e2d\u7684\u6d41\u884c\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u786e\u5b9a\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u56e0\u7d20\u6216\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5173\u8054\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u76f8\u5bf9\u5feb\u901f\u4e14\u6613\u4e8e\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u786e\u5b9a\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u65b9\u9762\u80fd\u529b\u6709\u9650\u3002\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\"\"\u4e2d\u4e86\u89e3\u66f4\u591a\u6709\u5173\u6a2a\u65ad\u9762\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cross-sectional-study-pros-and-cons\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u63cf\u7ed8\u73b0\u5728\uff1a\u63a2\u8ba8\u6a2a\u65ad\u9762\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5229\u4e0e\u5f0a<\/a>&#8220;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-ecological-studies\"><strong>\u751f\u6001\u7814\u7a76<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5728\u4eba\u7fa4\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0a\u8c03\u67e5\u66b4\u9732\u4e0e\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7efc\u5408\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5982\u4eba\u53e3\u666e\u67e5\u6216\u884c\u653f\u8bb0\u5f55\u6570\u636e\uff09\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u7279\u5b9a\u66b4\u9732\u4e0e\u5065\u5eb7\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e76\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5728\u4eba\u7fa4\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0a\u63d0\u51fa\u5047\u8bbe\u548c\u786e\u5b9a\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u8003\u8651\u4e2a\u4eba\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u6216\u786e\u5b9a\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u65b9\u9762\u80fd\u529b\u6709\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-advantages-of-descriptive-studies\"><strong>\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4f18\u52bf<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u4f18\u70b9\uff0c\u5bf9\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u548c\u4ece\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u90fd\u5f88\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\uff1a 1\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u63d0\u4f9b\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a<\/strong><em> <\/em>\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e00\u73b0\u8c61\u6216\u4eba\u7fa4\u8fdb\u884c\u8be6\u7ec6\u800c\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5e2e\u52a9\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u4e86\u89e3\u67d0\u4e00\u7279\u5b9a\u4eba\u7fa4\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u3001\u884c\u4e3a\u3001\u6001\u5ea6\u548c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u63d0\u51fa\u5047\u8bbe\uff1a<\/strong> \u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c31\u5f71\u54cd\u7279\u5b9a\u73b0\u8c61\u6216\u4eba\u7fa4\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u539f\u56e0\u6216\u56e0\u7d20\u63d0\u51fa\u5047\u8bbe\u6216\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u6307\u5bfc\u4eca\u540e\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5f88\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u76f8\u5bf9\u5feb\u901f\u3001\u7b80\u4fbf\uff1a<\/strong> \u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u901a\u5e38\u6bd4\u8f83\u5feb\u901f\u548c\u5bb9\u6613\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5177\u6709\u6210\u672c\u6548\u76ca\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6536\u96c6\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-disadvantages-of-descriptive-studies\"><strong>\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f18\u70b9\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u7f3a\u70b9\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\uff1a 1\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u786e\u5b9a\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u6709\u9650\uff1a<\/strong><em> <\/em>\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u53ef\u4ee5\u63cf\u8ff0\u7279\u5b9a\u73b0\u8c61\u6216\u4eba\u7fa4\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u786e\u5b9a\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u786e\u5b9a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u63a5\u89e6\u6216\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u5426\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u53ef\u63a8\u5e7f\u6027\u6709\u9650\uff1a<\/strong><em> <\/em>\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u5c0f\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u6837\u672c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6837\u672c\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ee3\u8868\u66f4\u5927\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u63a8\u5e7f\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7fa4\u6216\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u63a7\u5236\u6df7\u6742\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u6709\u9650\uff1a <\/strong>\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u5f80\u5f80\u65e0\u6cd5\u63a7\u5236\u6240\u6709\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u6df7\u6742\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5f88\u96be\u5c31\u7279\u5b9a\u66b4\u9732\u6216\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5f97\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-data-collection-methods-for-descriptive-studies\"><strong>\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6536\u96c6\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u6536\u96c6\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e <a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/research-question\/\">\u7814\u7a76\u95ee\u9898<\/a>\u6570\u636e\u6536\u96c6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u4ee5\u53ca\u6240\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u7fa4\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u9009\u62e9\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6536\u96c6\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u6536\u96c6\u5230\u51c6\u786e\u6709\u7528\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6570\u636e\u6536\u96c6\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-surveys-and-questionnaires\"><strong>\u8c03\u67e5\u548c\u95ee\u5377<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8c03\u67e5\u548c\u95ee\u5377\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4ee5\u4ece\u5927\u91cf\u4eba\u7fa4\u4e2d\u6536\u96c6\u6570\u636e\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ee5\u6536\u96c6\u6709\u5173\u88ab\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u7fa4\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u3001\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3001\u884c\u4e3a\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u95ee\u5377\u8c03\u67e5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f53\u9762\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7535\u8bdd\u6216\u7f51\u7edc\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u6536\u96c6\u5b9a\u91cf\u6216\u5b9a\u6027\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-observations-and-interviews\"><strong>\u89c2\u5bdf\u548c\u8bbf\u8c08<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u89c2\u5bdf\u548c\u8bbf\u8c08\u5305\u62ec\u76f4\u63a5\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e2a\u4eba\u6216\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u6216\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ea4\u8c08\uff0c\u4ee5\u6536\u96c6\u6709\u5173\u5176\u884c\u4e3a\u6216\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u89c2\u5bdf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u73af\u5883\u6216\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u800c\u8bbf\u8c08\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f53\u9762\u8fdb\u884c\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\u7535\u8bdd\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u6536\u96c6\u5b9a\u6027\u6216\u5b9a\u91cf\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u5173\u6240\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u7fa4\u7684\u4e30\u5bcc\u800c\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-focus-groups\"><strong>\u7126\u70b9\u5c0f\u7ec4<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7126\u70b9\u5c0f\u7ec4\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5c0f\u7ec4\u8bbf\u8c08\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6536\u96c6\u6709\u5173\u7279\u5b9a\u4e3b\u9898\u6216\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5b9a\u6027\u6570\u636e\u3002\u7126\u70b9\u5c0f\u7ec4\u901a\u5e38\u7531\u4e00\u5c0f\u7fa4\u4eba\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u5411\u4ed6\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6709\u5173\u5176\u7ecf\u5386\u6216\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u5f00\u653e\u5f0f\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7126\u70b9\u5c0f\u7ec4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f53\u9762\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7ebf\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u88ab\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u7fa4\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u3001\u4fe1\u4ef0\u548c\u7ecf\u5386\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-secondary-data-analysis\"><strong>\u4e8c\u624b\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e8c\u624b\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u5305\u62ec\u5206\u6790\u4e3a\u5176\u4ed6\u76ee\u7684\u6536\u96c6\u7684\u73b0\u6709\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5982\u884c\u653f\u8bb0\u5f55\u3001\u533b\u7597\u8bb0\u5f55\u6216\u4eba\u53e3\u666e\u67e5\u6570\u636e\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u6536\u96c6\u7279\u5b9a\u4eba\u7fa4\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5177\u6709\u6210\u672c\u6548\u76ca\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e76\u80fd\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u6216\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8003\u8651\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e8c\u624b\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u504f\u5dee\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-data-analysis-techniques-for-descriptive-studies\"><strong>\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u6280\u672f<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4ece\u7814\u7a76\u671f\u95f4\u6536\u96c6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\u3002\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u6280\u672f\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-descriptive-statistics\"><strong>\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7edf\u8ba1<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7edf\u8ba1\u7528\u4e8e\u603b\u7ed3\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u7279\u5b9a\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7edf\u8ba1\u5305\u62ec\u4e2d\u5fc3\u503e\u5411\u5ea6\u91cf\uff0c\u5982\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u3001\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u548c\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u53d8\u5f02\u5ea6\u91cf\uff0c\u5982\u6807\u51c6\u5dee\u548c\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u63cf\u8ff0\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u3001\u8bc6\u522b\u5f02\u5e38\u503c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6bd4\u8f83\u6240\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u7fa4\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5b50\u7fa4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-exploratory-data-analysis\"><strong>\u63a2\u7d22\u6027\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u63a2\u7d22\u6027\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\uff08EDA\uff09\u6d89\u53ca\u4f7f\u7528\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u548c\u56fe\u5f62\u6280\u672f\u6765\u63a2\u7d22\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u786e\u5b9a\u53d8\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216\u5173\u7cfb\u3002EDA \u53ef\u7528\u6765\u8bc6\u522b\u5f02\u5e38\u503c\u3001\u68c0\u67e5\u6b63\u6001\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u53d1\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u6216\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u4e4b\u5904\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u7684 EDA \u6280\u672f\u5305\u62ec\u6563\u70b9\u56fe\u3001\u76f4\u65b9\u56fe\u3001\u7bb1\u5f62\u56fe\u548c\u76f8\u5173\u77e9\u9635\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-ethical-considerations-in-descriptive-studies\"><strong>\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u8003\u8651\u56e0\u7d20<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0e\u4efb\u4f55\u7814\u7a76\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u65f6\u4e5f\u5e94\u8003\u8651\u9053\u5fb7\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u91c7\u53d6\u63aa\u65bd\u786e\u4fdd\u4ee5\u7b26\u5408\u4f26\u7406\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f00\u5c55\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u786e\u4fdd\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u7684\u6743\u5229\u548c\u798f\u7949\u5f97\u5230\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u5e76\u786e\u4fdd\u7814\u7a76\u4ea7\u751f\u6709\u6548\u3001\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u8003\u8651\u56e0\u7d20\u5305\u62ec<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u77e5\u60c5\u540c\u610f\uff1a<\/strong> \u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u5e94\u5145\u5206\u4e86\u89e3\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u548c\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4efb\u4f55\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u6216\u76ca\u5904\u3002&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u4fdd\u5bc6\u548c\u533f\u540d\uff1a<\/strong> \u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5e94\u91c7\u53d6\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u6536\u96c6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u662f\u4fdd\u5bc6\u548c\u533f\u540d\u7684\u3002&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u4f24\u5bb3\u98ce\u9669\uff1a<\/strong> \u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5e94\u4ed4\u7ec6\u8003\u8651\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u56e0\u53c2\u4e0e\u7814\u7a76\u800c\u53ef\u80fd\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u6f5c\u5728\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u5e94\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5c06\u4efb\u4f55\u6f5c\u5728\u98ce\u9669\u964d\u81f3\u6700\u4f4e\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-examples-of-descriptive-studies\"><strong>\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u5b9e\u4f8b<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u5b66\u4e60\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u65f6\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3 \"\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7814\u7a76 \"\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u6536\u96c6\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>\u4e00\u4f4d\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5e0c\u671b\u4e86\u89e3\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u7761\u7720\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9 500 \u540d\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u8be2\u95ee\u4ed6\u4eec\u6bcf\u665a\u7761\u591a\u5c11\u5c0f\u65f6\u3001\u901a\u5e38\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u4e0a\u5e8a\u7761\u89c9\u3001\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u8d77\u5e8a\u3001\u65e9\u4e0a\u662f\u5426\u611f\u89c9\u4f11\u606f\u597d\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5bf9\u8c03\u67e5\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u5178\u578b\u7761\u7720\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6982\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>\u4e00\u5bb6\u516c\u53f8\u5e0c\u671b\u4e86\u89e3\u5176\u5ba2\u6237\u7fa4\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9 1000 \u540d\u5ba2\u6237\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u8be2\u95ee\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5e74\u9f84\u3001\u6027\u522b\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u6c34\u5e73\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u76f8\u5173\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u5bf9\u8c03\u67e5\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u5178\u578b\u5ba2\u6237\u7684\u6863\u6848\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5e74\u9f84\u8303\u56f4\u3001\u6027\u522b\u5206\u5e03\u548c\u5e73\u5747\u6536\u5165\u6c34\u5e73\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>\u4e00\u4f4d\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5e0c\u671b\u4e86\u89e3\u67d0\u5730\u533a\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u996e\u98df\u4e60\u60ef\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u516c\u5171\u573a\u6240\u5bf9\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u98df\u7269\u9009\u62e9\u548c\u996e\u98df\u884c\u4e3a\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u89c2\u5bdf\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5bf9\u89c2\u5bdf\u7ed3\u679c\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb\u5bf9\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u4eba\u4eec\u5178\u578b\u996e\u98df\u4e60\u60ef\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4ed6\u4eec\u98df\u7528\u54ea\u4e9b\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u98df\u7269\u3001\u5403\u591a\u5c11\u4ee5\u53ca\u5916\u51fa\u5c31\u9910\u7684\u9891\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-over-75-000-accurate-scientific-figures-to-boost-your-impact\">\u8d85\u8fc7 75,000 \u4e2a\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u60a8\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mind the Graph<\/a> \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u7ebf\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u53ef\u5e2e\u52a9\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u521b\u5efa\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u6f14\u793a\u6587\u7a3f\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6c34\u5e73\u3002\u8be5\u5e73\u53f0\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b 75,000 \u591a\u5f20\u79d1\u5b66\u56fe\u8868\u7684\u8d44\u6599\u5e93\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fe\u8868\u4fe1\u606f\u4e30\u5bcc\uff0c\u89c6\u89c9\u6548\u679c\u6781\u4f73\u3002\u4f7f\u7528 Mind the Graph \u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u597d\u5904\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u65e0\u9700\u4efb\u4f55\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u8f7b\u677e\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u5b9a\u5236\u79d1\u5b66\u6f14\u793a\u6587\u7a3f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:21px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" src=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/r3qiu0qenda-3.gif\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-25130\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:21px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button aligncenter\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/\" style=\"border-radius:50px;background-color:#dc1866\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u7528Mind the Graph\u5f00\u59cb\u521b\u4f5c<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:44px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7814\u7a76\uff1f\u63ed\u5f00\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u795e\u79d8\u9762\u7eb1\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u51e0\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u5c31\u80fd\u4e86\u89e3\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7528\u9014\u3002<\/p>","protected":false},"author":35,"featured_media":29460,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>What is a Descriptive Study and Why is it Important in Research? - Mind the Graph Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"What is a descriptive study? 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