{"id":29197,"date":"2023-08-25T09:37:03","date_gmt":"2023-08-25T12:37:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/one-way-anova-copy\/"},"modified":"2024-12-05T15:49:02","modified_gmt":"2024-12-05T18:49:02","slug":"types-of-sampling","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/zh\/%e9%87%87%e6%a0%b7%e7%b1%bb%e5%9e%8b\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u9009\u62e9\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u53d6\u6837\u7c7b\u578b"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u62bd\u6837\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u7814\u7a76\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6240\u9009\u6837\u672c\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u4f1a\u5bf9\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u4ea7\u751f\u91cd\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u62bd\u6837\u6280\u672f\u53ef\u4f9b\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u9879\u76ee\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u5408\u9002\u7684\u62bd\u6837\u6280\u672f\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u6311\u6218\u3002\u672c\u6587\u65e8\u5728\u5168\u9762\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5404\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u62bd\u6837\u6280\u672f\u53ca\u5176\u4f18\u7f3a\u70b9\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9009\u62e9\u6837\u672c\u7c7b\u578b\u65f6\u5e94\u8003\u8651\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u548c\u5e94\u907f\u514d\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u8bef\u533a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 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id=\"h-types-of-sampling\">\u53d6\u6837\u7c7b\u578b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u62bd\u6837\u662f\u6307\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u7ec4\u5177\u6709\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u6216\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u62bd\u6837\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u4e3b\u8981\u7c7b\u578b\u662f\u6982\u7387\u62bd\u6837\u548c\u975e\u6982\u7387\u62bd\u6837\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-probability-sampling\">\u6982\u7387\u53d6\u6837<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6982\u7387\u62bd\u6837\u4f7f\u7528\u968f\u673a\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4eba\u53e3\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6210\u5458\u90fd\u6709\u76f8\u7b49\u6216\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u88ab\u9009\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u5e73\u4e14\u5177\u6709\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u7684\u6837\u672c\u3002\u6982\u7387\u62bd\u6837\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"h-simple-random-sampling\">\u7b80\u5355\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u6837<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b80\u5355\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u6837\u662f\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u4e2d\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u7528\u4e14\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u62bd\u6837\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2a\u4f53\u6216\u5143\u7d20\u5b50\u96c6\uff0c\u4f7f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e2a\u4f53\u6216\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u6709\u540c\u7b49\u673a\u4f1a\u88ab\u7eb3\u5165\u6837\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"h-systematic-sampling\">\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d6\u6837<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7cfb\u7edf\u62bd\u6837\u662f\u4ece\u4eba\u53e3\u4e2d\u5b9a\u671f\u62bd\u53d6\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4eba\u53e3\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a 100\uff0c\u800c\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6837\u672c\u91cf\u4e3a 20\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c06\u4ece\u4eba\u53e3\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e94\u540d\u6210\u5458\u4e2d\u62bd\u53d6\u4e00\u4eba\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6837\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 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id=\"h-multistage-sampling\">\u591a\u7ea7\u53d6\u6837<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u591a\u9636\u6bb5\u62bd\u6837\u878d\u5408\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u62bd\u6837\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u5177\u6709\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u7684\u6837\u672c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u5c42\u62bd\u6837\u6765\u9009\u62e9\u7fa4\u7ec4\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528\u7b80\u5355\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u6837\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7fa4\u7ec4\u4e2d\u9009\u62e9\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-non-probability-sampling\">\u975e\u6982\u7387\u62bd\u6837<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u975e\u6982\u7387\u62bd\u6837\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6839\u636e\u6982\u7387\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u9009\u62e9\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u7684\u62bd\u6837\u6280\u672f\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4eba\u53e3\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u6210\u5458\u53ef\u80fd\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u6210\u5458\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u7eb3\u5165\u6837\u672c\u3002\u975e\u6982\u7387\u62bd\u6837\u6709\u51e0\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"h-convenience-sampling\">\u4fbf\u5229\u53d6\u6837<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4fbf\u5229\u53d6\u6837\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6839\u636e\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u7684\u6613\u5f97\u6027\u6216\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u6765\u9009\u62e9\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u7684\u6280\u672f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4ed6\u4eec\u6b63\u5728\u6559\u6388\u7684\u8bfe\u7a0b\u6216\u5728\u7ebf\u8bba\u575b\u4e2d\u62db\u52df\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 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id=\"h-snowball-sampling\">\u96ea\u7403\u53d6\u6837<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6eda\u96ea\u7403\u62bd\u6837\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4f9d\u9760\u73b0\u6709\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u63a8\u8350\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u9009\u62e9\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u96be\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8bc6\u522b\u6216\u63a5\u89e6\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\uff08\u5982\u5438\u6bd2\u8005\u6216\u65e0\u8bc1\u79fb\u6c11\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u67e5\u770b\u6211\u4eec\u5173\u4e8e\" \"\u7684\u535a\u5ba2\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/snowball-sampling\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u96ea\u7403\u53d6\u6837\uff1a\u63ed\u5f00\u5f3a\u5927\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u795e\u79d8\u9762\u7eb1<\/a>&#8220;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:21px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"600\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/types-of-sampling-mtg.png\" alt=\"\u62bd\u6837\u7c7b\u578b\" class=\"wp-image-29217\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/types-of-sampling-mtg.png 600w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/types-of-sampling-mtg-300x150.png 300w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/types-of-sampling-mtg-18x9.png 18w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/types-of-sampling-mtg-100x50.png 100w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/types-of-sampling-mtg-150x75.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5 <a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mind the Graph<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:21px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/researcher.life\/all-access-pricing?utm_source=mtg&amp;utm_campaign=all-access-promotion&amp;utm_medium=blog\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"410\" src=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Banner2-1024x410.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-55426\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Banner2-1024x410.png 1024w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Banner2-300x120.png 300w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Banner2-768x307.png 768w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Banner2-1536x615.png 1536w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Banner2-2048x820.png 2048w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Banner2-18x7.png 18w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Banner2-100x40.png 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-different-types-of-samples\">\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u6837\u672c\u7684\u4f18\u7f3a\u70b9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6bcf\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6837\u672c\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u4f18\u7f3a\u70b9\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5728\u9009\u62e9\u62bd\u6837\u65b9\u6cd5\u65f6\u5e94\u52a0\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u6837\u672c\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u4f18\u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><strong>\u7b80\u5355\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u6837<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f18\u70b9\u6613\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u53ef\u63d0\u4f9b\u5177\u6709\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u6837\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a\u7f16\u5236\u4e00\u4efd\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u6e05\u5355\u53ef\u80fd\u65e2\u8d39\u94b1\u53c8\u8d39\u65f6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><strong>\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d6\u6837<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f18\u70b9\u4e0e\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u6837\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u8017\u65f6\u8f83\u5c11\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u5177\u6709\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u6837\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4eba\u7fa4\u5177\u6709\u5468\u671f\u6027\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u63d0\u4f9b\u5177\u6709\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u7684\u6837\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><strong>\u5206\u5c42\u62bd\u6837<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f18\u70b9\u53ef\u786e\u4fdd\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e9a\u7fa4\u4f53\u88ab\u7eb3\u5165\u6837\u672c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6837\u672c\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a\u5f88\u96be\u786e\u5b9a\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u9636\u5c42\u53ca\u5176\u89c4\u6a21\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><strong>\u5206\u7ec4\u62bd\u6837<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f18\u52bf\uff1a\u5b83\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5730\u7406\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5206\u6563\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u4eba\u53e3\uff0c\u5e76\u80fd\u964d\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\u548c\u7f29\u77ed\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u5206\u7ec4\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ee3\u8868\u603b\u4f53\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\u6837\u672c\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><strong>\u591a\u7ea7\u53d6\u6837<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f18\u52bf\uff1a\u5b83\u5bf9\u5730\u7406\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5206\u6563\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u4eba\u53e3\u5f88\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u5e76\u80fd\u964d\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\u548c\u7f29\u77ed\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u5206\u7ec4\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ee3\u8868\u603b\u4f53\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\u6837\u672c\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><strong>\u4fbf\u5229\u53d6\u6837<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f18\u70b9\u5b9e\u65bd\u7b80\u5355\u5feb\u6377\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u504f\u5dee\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u4eba\u53e3\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><strong>\u914d\u989d\u62bd\u6837<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f18\u70b9\u6613\u4e8e\u5b9e\u65bd\uff0c\u5e76\u80fd\u786e\u4fdd\u6837\u672c\u5305\u62ec\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5206\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u504f\u5dee\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u4eba\u53e3\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><strong>\u5224\u65ad\u53d6\u6837<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f18\u70b9\uff1a\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u7279\u6b8a\u4eba\u7fa4\uff0c\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u6cd5\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u504f\u5dee\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u4eba\u53e3\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><strong>\u96ea\u7403\u53d6\u6837<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f18\u52bf\uff1a\u5b83\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u96be\u4ee5\u63a5\u89e6\u5230\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\uff0c\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u6cd5\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u504f\u5dee\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u4eba\u53e3\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u67e5\u770b\u6211\u4eec\u5173\u4e8e\" \"\u7684\u535a\u5ba2\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/snowball-sampling\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u96ea\u7403\u53d6\u6837\uff1a\u63ed\u5f00\u5f3a\u5927\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u795e\u79d8\u9762\u7eb1<\/a>&#8220;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-factors-to-consider-when-choosing-a-sample-type\"><strong>\u9009\u62e9\u6837\u672c\u7c7b\u578b\u65f6\u5e94\u8003\u8651\u7684\u56e0\u7d20<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9009\u62e9\u6837\u672c\u7c7b\u578b\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u591a\u4e2a\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u6837\u672c\u80fd\u591f\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u7fa4\uff0c\u5e76\u786e\u4fdd\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u7814\u7a76\u95ee\u9898 <\/strong>\u8fd9\u662f\u9009\u62e9\u6837\u672c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6837\u672c\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u56de\u7b54\u7814\u7a76\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u5b9e\u73b0\u7814\u7a76\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u9700\u8981\u786e\u5b9a\u4ed6\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\uff0c\u5e76\u9009\u62e9\u80fd\u591f\u4ee3\u8868\u8be5\u4eba\u7fa4\u7684\u6837\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u4eba\u53e3\uff1a<\/strong> \u4eba\u53e3\u89c4\u6a21\u548c\u7279\u5f81\u4e5f\u662f\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u4eba\u53e3\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6837\u672c\u91cf\u5c31\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u6837\u672c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u6837\u672c\u91cf\uff1a<\/strong> \u6837\u672c\u91cf\u5e94\u8db3\u591f\u5927\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u9760\u6709\u6548\u3002\u6837\u672c\u91cf\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u8bef\u5dee\u8303\u56f4\u8d8a\u5c0f\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u8d8a\u7cbe\u786e\u3002&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u62bd\u6837\u8bef\u5dee\uff1a<\/strong> \u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u62bd\u6837\u8bef\u5dee\uff0c\u5e76\u9009\u62e9\u80fd\u5c06\u8bef\u5dee\u964d\u81f3\u6700\u4f4e\u7684\u62bd\u6837\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6837\u672c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ee3\u8868\u603b\u4f53\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u62bd\u6837\u8bef\u5dee\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0d\u51c6\u786e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u53d6\u6837\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/strong><em> <\/em>\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u62bd\u6837\u65b9\u6cd5\u5e94\u9002\u5408\u6837\u672c\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u62bd\u6837\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4f18\u7f3a\u70b9\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u9700\u8981\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u9002\u5408\u81ea\u5df1\u9700\u8981\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\uff1a<\/strong><em> <\/em>\u5728\u9009\u62e9\u6837\u672c\u7c7b\u578b\u65f6\u4e5f\u5e94\u8003\u8651\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u6837\u672c\u91cf\u548c\u62bd\u6837\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u6280\u672f\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u9700\u8981\u9009\u62e9\u9002\u5408\u5176\u6837\u672c\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-common-pitfalls-to-avoid-in-sampling\"><strong>\u53d6\u6837\u4e2d\u5e94\u907f\u514d\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u9677\u9631<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3a\u907f\u514d\u8bef\u533a\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5e94\u4ed4\u7ec6\u8003\u8651\u5176\u62bd\u6837\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u52aa\u529b\u4f7f\u7528\u5177\u6709\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u548c\u65e0\u504f\u89c1\u7684\u6837\u672c\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd8\u5e94\u91c7\u53d6\u63aa\u65bd\u5c3d\u91cf\u51cf\u5c11\u62bd\u6837\u8bef\u5dee\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\u5206\u6790\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u62bd\u6837\u65f6\u5e94\u907f\u514d\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u8bef\u533a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u9009\u62e9\u504f\u5dee\uff1a <\/strong>\u5f53\u62bd\u6837\u65b9\u6cd5\u6216\u6837\u672c\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ee3\u8868\u6240\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\u65f6\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u5c31\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u504f\u5dee\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u62bd\u6837\u8bef\u5dee\uff1a<\/strong> \u62bd\u53d6\u6837\u672c\u81ea\u7136\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4eba\u53e3\u53c2\u6570\u4f30\u8ba1\u4e0d\u51c6\u786e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u65e0\u54cd\u5e94\u504f\u5dee\uff1a<\/strong> \u5f53\u6837\u672c\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6210\u5458\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u8c03\u67e5\u6216\u7814\u7a76\u505a\u51fa\u56de\u5e94\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u7ed9\u7ed3\u679c\u5e26\u6765\u504f\u5dee\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u62bd\u6837\u6846\u67b6\u504f\u5dee\uff1a<\/strong> \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u62bd\u6837\u6846\u67b6\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\u3001\u4e0d\u51c6\u786e\u6216\u8fc7\u65f6\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u504f\u5dee\u3002\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u535a\u5ba2\" \"\u4e2d\u4e86\u89e3\u66f4\u591a\u76f8\u5173\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sampling-bias\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505a\u62bd\u6837\u504f\u5dee\u7684\u95ee\u9898<\/a>&#8220;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u81ea\u613f\u5e94\u7b54\u504f\u5dee\uff1a<\/strong><em> <\/em>\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u81ea\u884c\u9009\u62e9\u53c2\u4e0e\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\u51fa\u73b0\u504f\u5dee\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u9009\u62e9\u53c2\u4e0e\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4eba\u4e0e\u4e0d\u9009\u62e9\u53c2\u4e0e\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u4f4e\u62a5\u504f\u5dee\uff1a <\/strong>\u5982\u679c\u4eba\u53e3\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u7fa4\u4f53\u5728\u62bd\u6837\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u504f\u5dee\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u8986\u76d6\u4e0d\u8db3\u504f\u5dee\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u4ee5\u504f\u6982\u5168\uff1a<\/strong><em> <\/em>\u4e00\u6982\u800c\u8bba\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5373\u6839\u636e\u5c11\u91cf\u6837\u672c\u5bf9\u4eba\u7fa4\u5f97\u51fa\u7b3c\u7edf\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e0d\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-sampling-techniques-in-qualitative-research\"><strong>\u5b9a\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u62bd\u6837\u6280\u672f<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u5b9a\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u62bd\u6837\u6280\u672f\u5305\u62ec<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u6709\u76ee\u7684\u62bd\u6837\uff1a<\/strong> \u8fd9\u662f\u6307\u6839\u636e\u4e0e\u7814\u7a76\u95ee\u9898\u6216\u76ee\u6807\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u6807\u51c6\u9009\u62e9\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u9009\u62e9\u62e5\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u4e13\u4e1a\u77e5\u8bc6\u3001\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6216\u72ec\u7279\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u6eda\u96ea\u7403\u53d6\u6837\uff1a <\/strong>\u4ece\u4e00\u5c0f\u7fa4\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8bf7\u4ed6\u4eec\u63a8\u8350\u5176\u4ed6\u7b26\u5408\u7814\u7a76\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u3002\u5f53\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\u96be\u4ee5\u63a5\u89e6\u5230\u6216\u56de\u5e94\u7387\u8f83\u4f4e\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u5f88\u6709\u7528\u3002\u67e5\u770b\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u535a\u5ba2\u5185\u5bb9<a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/snowball-sampling\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u96ea\u7403\u53d6\u6837\uff1a\u63ed\u5f00\u5f3a\u5927\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u795e\u79d8\u9762\u7eb1<\/a>&#8220;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u6700\u5927\u53d8\u5316\u91c7\u6837\uff1a<\/strong> \u5728\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u67d0\u4e00\u73b0\u8c61\u5e76\u6355\u6349\u5176\u590d\u6742\u6027\u65f6\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u4e0e\u7814\u7a76\u95ee\u9898\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u6216\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u662f\u6709\u76ca\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u80fd\u8ba9\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\uff0c\u589e\u5f3a\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5168\u9762\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u7406\u8bba\u53d6\u6837\uff1a <\/strong>\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u8981\u6c42\u6839\u636e\u6570\u636e\u6536\u96c6\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u6216\u6a21\u5f0f\u6765\u9009\u62e9\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u57fa\u7840\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5176\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u79cd\u690d\u6839\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u65b9\u4fbf\u53d6\u6837\uff1a <\/strong>\u4fbf\u5229\u53d6\u6837\u9009\u62e9\u5bb9\u6613\u63a5\u89e6\u5230\u6216\u968f\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u4e0e\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u63a2\u7d22\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u6216\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u6709\u9650\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ee3\u8868\u76f8\u5173\u4eba\u7fa4\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u6837\u672c\u6709\u504f\u5dee\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-sampling-techniques-in-quantitative-research\"><strong>\u5b9a\u91cf\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u62bd\u6837\u6280\u672f<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5b9a\u91cf\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u62bd\u6837\u6280\u672f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u7b80\u5355\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u6837\uff1a <\/strong>\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u62bd\u6837\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u4eba\u53e3\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6210\u5458\u90fd\u6709\u540c\u7b49\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u88ab\u9009\u4f5c\u6837\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u5206\u5c42\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u6837\uff1a<\/strong> \u4e3a\u786e\u4fdd\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\uff0c\u5206\u5c42\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u6837\u6280\u672f\u5305\u62ec\u6839\u636e\u67d0\u4e9b\u6807\u51c6\u5c06\u4eba\u53e3\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5c42\u6216\u7ec4\uff0c\u5e76\u4ece\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5c42\u4e2d\u62bd\u53d6\u6837\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u5206\u7ec4\u62bd\u6837\uff1a <\/strong>\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u53d6\u7fa4\u7ec4\u6216\u7fa4\u4f53\uff08\u5982\u5b66\u6821\u6216\u793e\u533a\uff09\u6837\u672c\u7684\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9009\u5b9a\u7684\u7fa4\u7ec4\u4e2d\u62bd\u53d6\u4e2a\u4eba\u7ec4\u6210\u6837\u672c\u3002\u67e5\u770b\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u535a\u5ba2\u5185\u5bb9\"<a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/cluster-analysis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u91ca\u653e\u805a\u7c7b\u5206\u6790\u7684\u529b\u91cf<\/a>&#8220;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d6\u6837\uff1a <\/strong>\u7cfb\u7edf\u62bd\u6837\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4ece\u4eba\u53e3\u4e2d\u62bd\u53d6\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u6bcf n \u4e2a\u6210\u5458\u4e2d\u62bd\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u540d\u5355\u4e0a\u7684\u6bcf 10 \u4e2a\u4eba\u4e2d\u62bd\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u591a\u9636\u6bb5\u62bd\u6837\uff1a<\/strong> \u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5206\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u9636\u6bb5\u9009\u62e9\u6837\u672c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u9009\u62e9\u5dde\u7684\u968f\u673a\u6837\u672c\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u9009\u62e9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5dde\u4e2d\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u968f\u673a\u6837\u672c\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u9009\u62e9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u57ce\u5e02\u4e2d\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u968f\u673a\u6837\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u65b9\u4fbf\u53d6\u6837\uff1a<\/strong><em> <\/em>\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u6307\u7684\u662f\u9009\u62e9\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5bb9\u6613\u83b7\u5f97\u6216\u65b9\u4fbf\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u4ece\u6559\u5ba4\u91cc\u9009\u62e9\u5b66\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u914d\u989d\u62bd\u6837\uff1a<\/strong><em> <\/em>\u914d\u989d\u62bd\u6837\u662f\u6307\u6839\u636e\u9884\u5148\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u914d\u989d\u6216\u7279\u5b9a\u6807\u51c6\uff08\u5982\u5e74\u9f84\u6216\u6027\u522b\uff09\u7684\u9884\u5b9a\u4eba\u6570\u6765\u9009\u62e9\u6837\u672c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-200-pre-made-beautiful-templates-for-professional-infographics\"><strong>200\u591a\u4e2a\u9884\u5236\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u4fe1\u606f\u56fe\u8868\u7684\u6f02\u4eae\u6a21\u677f<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mind the Graph<\/a> \u5e73\u53f0\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u63d0\u9ad8\u7814\u7a76\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u548c\u6709\u6548\u4ea4\u6d41\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u7684\u5b9d\u8d35\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u8be5\u5e73\u53f0\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u529f\u80fd\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u63d0\u4f9b 200 \u591a\u4e2a\u9884\u5236\u7cbe\u7f8e\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u4fe1\u606f\u56fe\u8868\u6a21\u677f\u3002\u8fd9\u9879\u529f\u80fd\u4f7f\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u80fd\u591f\u8f7b\u677e\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u521b\u5efa\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u53f9\u7684\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u8868\u73b0\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5438\u5f15\u76ee\u6807\u53d7\u4f17\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:21px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/offer-trial\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"651\" height=\"174\" src=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/banner-blog-trial-03.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-26762\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/banner-blog-trial-03.jpg 651w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/banner-blog-trial-03-300x80.jpg 300w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/banner-blog-trial-03-18x5.jpg 18w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/banner-blog-trial-03-100x27.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 651px) 100vw, 651px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:44px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u60f3\u77e5\u9053\u62bd\u6837\u7c7b\u578b\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u5417\uff1f\u8bf7\u7ee7\u7eed\u5f80\u4e0b\u770b\uff01\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u6570\u636e\u6536\u96c6\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u6280\u672f\u3002<\/p>","protected":false},"author":35,"featured_media":29203,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.9 - 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Look no further! Get an in-depth look into the different techniques used in data collection.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/zh\/\u91c7\u6837\u7c7b\u578b\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How to Choose the Right Types of Sampling for Your Research\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Want to know what are the types of sampling? Look no further! Get an in-depth look into the different techniques used in data collection.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/zh\/\u91c7\u6837\u7c7b\u578b\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Mind the Graph Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-08-25T12:37:03+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-12-05T18:49:02+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/types-of-sampling-blog.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1123\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"612\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Ang\u00e9lica Salom\u00e3o\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"How to Choose the Right Types of Sampling for Your Research\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"Want to know what are the types of sampling? 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