{"id":29079,"date":"2023-08-18T06:23:21","date_gmt":"2023-08-18T09:23:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/construct-in-research-copy\/"},"modified":"2024-12-05T15:47:43","modified_gmt":"2024-12-05T18:47:43","slug":"hypothesis-testing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/zh\/%e5%81%87%e8%ae%be%e6%a3%80%e9%aa%8c\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5047\u8bbe\u68c0\u9a8c\uff1a\u539f\u7406\u4e0e\u65b9\u6cd5"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u5047\u8bbe\u68c0\u9a8c\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6839\u636e\u6837\u672c\u6570\u636e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6216\u5426\u5b9a\u6709\u5173\u7fa4\u4f53\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u3002\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bc4\u4f30\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5e76\u5f97\u51fa\u6709\u5173\u7fa4\u4f53\u771f\u5b9e\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u68c0\u9a8c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u9886\u57df <strong>\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u548c\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b66<\/strong> \u5047\u8bbe\u68c0\u9a8c\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\u65b0\u7597\u6cd5\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\uff0c\u63a2\u7d22\u53d8\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e76\u505a\u51fa\u6570\u636e\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5047\u8bbe\u68c0\u9a8c\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4f46\u8981\u6b63\u786e\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u5b83\u5374\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u6311\u6218\u6027\u7684\u8bfe\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5047\u8bbe\u68c0\u9a8c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u3001\u68c0\u9a8c\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u6b65\u9aa4\u3001\u5e38\u89c1\u9519\u8bef\u548c\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u60a8\u662f\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u8fd8\u662f\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u90fd\u5c06\u6210\u4e3a\u60a8\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u638c\u63e1\u5047\u8bbe\u68c0\u9a8c\u7684\u5b9d\u8d35\u6307\u5357\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-introduction-to-hypothesis-testing\"><strong>\u5047\u8bbe\u68c0\u9a8c\u7b80\u4ecb<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5047\u8bbe\u68c0\u9a8c\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7edf\u8ba1\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u786e\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u652f\u6301\u6216\u62d2\u7edd\u67d0\u4e00\u5047\u8bbe\u3002\u5b83\u5305\u62ec\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u4e8e\u4eba\u53e3\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u6536\u96c6\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u5206\u6790\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\u5047\u8bbe\u4e3a\u771f\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5404\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5047\u8bbe\u68c0\u9a8c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u901a\u5e38\u6d89\u53ca\u4e24\u4e2a\u5047\u8bbe\uff1a\u96f6\u5047\u8bbe\u548c\u5907\u62e9\u5047\u8bbe\u3002\u96f6\u5047\u8bbe\u662f\u6307\u4e24\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u6ca1\u6709\u663e\u8457\u5dee\u5f02\u6216\u6ca1\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u5907\u62e9\u5047\u8bbe\u5219\u8868\u660e\u5b58\u5728\u5173\u7cfb\u6216\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u6536\u96c6\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u7edf\u8ba1\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u5426\u5b9a\u96f6\u5047\u8bbe\u800c\u652f\u6301\u5907\u62e9\u5047\u8bbe\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5047\u8bbe\u68c0\u9a8c\u7528\u4e8e\u6839\u636e\u6570\u636e\u505a\u51fa\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5047\u8bbe\u548c\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5173\u952e\u662f\u8981\u9009\u62e9\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u68c0\u9a8c\u548c\u6837\u672c\u91cf\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u7ed3\u679c\u51c6\u786e\u53ef\u9760\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u505a\u51fa\u5faa\u8bc1\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u6709\u529b\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/researcher.life\/all-access-pricing?utm_source=mtg&amp;utm_campaign=all-access-promotion&amp;utm_medium=blog\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"410\" src=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Banner3-1024x410.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-55425\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Banner3-1024x410.png 1024w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Banner3-300x120.png 300w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Banner3-768x307.png 768w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Banner3-1536x615.png 1536w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Banner3-2048x820.png 2048w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Banner3-18x7.png 18w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Banner3-100x40.png 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-types-of-hypothesis-tests\"><strong>\u5047\u8bbe\u68c0\u9a8c\u7684\u7c7b\u578b<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5047\u8bbe\u68c0\u9a8c\u5927\u81f4\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u7c7b\uff1a\u5355\u6837\u672c\u5047\u8bbe\u68c0\u9a8c\u548c\u53cc\u6837\u672c\u5047\u8bbe\u68c0\u9a8c\u3002\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u8be6\u7ec6\u4e86\u89e3\u4e00\u4e0b\u8fd9\u4e24\u7c7b\u5047\u8bbe\u68c0\u9a8c\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-one-sample-hypothesis-tests\"><strong>\u5355\u6837\u672c\u5047\u8bbe\u68c0\u9a8c<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u5355\u6837\u672c\u5047\u8bbe\u68c0\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u4ece\u5355\u4e00\u4eba\u7fa4\u4e2d\u6536\u96c6\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4e0e\u5df2\u77e5\u503c\u6216\u5047\u8bbe\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002\u96f6\u5047\u8bbe\u901a\u5e38\u5047\u5b9a\u7fa4\u4f53\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u4e0e\u5df2\u77e5\u503c\u6216\u5047\u8bbe\u503c\u4e4b\u95f4\u6ca1\u6709\u663e\u8457\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u8fdb\u884c\u7edf\u8ba1\u68c0\u9a8c\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u662f\u5426\u5177\u6709\u7edf\u8ba1\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u5355\u6837\u672c\u5047\u8bbe\u68c0\u9a8c\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u793a\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u5355\u6837\u672c t \u68c0\u9a8c\uff1a<\/strong> \u8be5\u68c0\u9a8c\u7528\u4e8e\u786e\u5b9a\u6837\u672c\u5e73\u5747\u6570\u4e0e\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u5e73\u5747\u6570\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u663e\u8457\u5dee\u5f02\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:21px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/single-sample-t-test-1-1024x512-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-29088\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/single-sample-t-test-1-1024x512-1.png 1024w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/single-sample-t-test-1-1024x512-1-300x150.png 300w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/single-sample-t-test-1-1024x512-1-768x384.png 768w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/single-sample-t-test-1-1024x512-1-18x9.png 18w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/single-sample-t-test-1-1024x512-1-100x50.png 100w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/single-sample-t-test-1-1024x512-1-150x75.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>\u901a\u8fc7 <a href=\"https:\/\/statstest.b-cdn.net\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">statstest.b-cdn.net<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:21px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u5355\u6837\u672c z \u68c0\u9a8c\uff1a<\/strong> \u8be5\u68c0\u9a8c\u7528\u4e8e\u786e\u5b9a\u5728\u5df2\u77e5\u603b\u4f53\u6807\u51c6\u5dee\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6837\u672c\u5e73\u5747\u6570\u4e0e\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u5e73\u5747\u6570\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u663e\u8457\u5dee\u5f02\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:21px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"496\" src=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/single-sample-z-test-1024x496-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-29090\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/single-sample-z-test-1024x496-1.png 1024w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/single-sample-z-test-1024x496-1-300x145.png 300w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/single-sample-z-test-1024x496-1-768x372.png 768w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/single-sample-z-test-1024x496-1-18x9.png 18w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/single-sample-z-test-1024x496-1-100x48.png 100w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/single-sample-z-test-1024x496-1-150x73.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>\u901a\u8fc7 <a href=\"https:\/\/statstest.b-cdn.net\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">statstest.b-cdn.net<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:21px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-two-sample-hypothesis-tests\"><strong>\u53cc\u6837\u672c\u5047\u8bbe\u68c0\u9a8c<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u53cc\u6837\u672c\u5047\u8bbe\u68c0\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u4ece\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\u4e2d\u6536\u96c6\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u76f8\u4e92\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002\u96f6\u5047\u8bbe\u901a\u5e38\u5047\u5b9a\u4e24\u4e2a\u4eba\u7fa4\u4e4b\u95f4\u6ca1\u6709\u663e\u8457\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5219\u8fdb\u884c\u7edf\u8ba1\u68c0\u9a8c\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u662f\u5426\u5177\u6709\u7edf\u8ba1\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u53cc\u6837\u672c\u5047\u8bbe\u68c0\u9a8c\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u793a\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u72ec\u7acb\u6837\u672c t \u68c0\u9a8c\uff1a<\/strong><em> <\/em>\u8be5\u68c0\u9a8c\u7528\u4e8e\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e24\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u6837\u672c\u7684\u5747\u503c\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u663e\u8457\u5dee\u5f02\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:21px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"497\" src=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/screen-shot-2020-02-03-at-93936-pm-1024x497-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-29086\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/screen-shot-2020-02-03-at-93936-pm-1024x497-1.png 1024w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/screen-shot-2020-02-03-at-93936-pm-1024x497-1-300x146.png 300w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/screen-shot-2020-02-03-at-93936-pm-1024x497-1-768x373.png 768w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/screen-shot-2020-02-03-at-93936-pm-1024x497-1-18x9.png 18w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/screen-shot-2020-02-03-at-93936-pm-1024x497-1-100x49.png 100w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/screen-shot-2020-02-03-at-93936-pm-1024x497-1-150x73.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>\u901a\u8fc7 <a href=\"https:\/\/statstest.b-cdn.net\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">statstest.b-cdn.net<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:21px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u914d\u5bf9\u6837\u672c t \u68c0\u9a8c\uff1a <\/strong>\u8be5\u68c0\u9a8c\u7528\u4e8e\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e24\u4e2a\u76f8\u5173\u6837\u672c\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u503c\uff0c\u5982\u540c\u4e00\u7ec4\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u7684\u524d\u6d4b\u548c\u540e\u6d4b\u5206\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u56fe <\/strong>https:\/\/statstest.b-cdn.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Paired-Samples-T-Test.jpg<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u5355\u6837\u672c\u5047\u8bbe\u68c0\u9a8c\u7528\u4e8e\u68c0\u9a8c\u5173\u4e8e\u5355\u4e00\u4eba\u7fa4\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u800c\u53cc\u6837\u672c\u5047\u8bbe\u68c0\u9a8c\u7528\u4e8e\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e24\u4e2a\u4eba\u7fa4\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u54ea\u79cd\u68c0\u9a8c\u5408\u9002\uff0c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-steps-of-hypothesis-testing\"><strong>\u5047\u8bbe\u68c0\u9a8c\u6b65\u9aa4<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5047\u8bbe\u68c0\u9a8c\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u786e\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u652f\u6301\u6216\u62d2\u7edd\u67d0\u4e00\u5047\u8bbe\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6b65\u9aa4\u5927\u81f4\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u56db\u7c7b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-formulating-the-hypothesis\"><strong>\u63d0\u51fa\u5047\u8bbe<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5047\u8bbe\u68c0\u9a8c\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u63d0\u51fa\u96f6\u5047\u8bbe\u548c\u5907\u62e9\u5047\u8bbe\u3002\u96f6\u5047\u8bbe\u901a\u5e38\u5047\u5b9a\u4e24\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u6ca1\u6709\u663e\u8457\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u800c\u5907\u62e9\u5047\u8bbe\u5219\u8868\u660e\u5b58\u5728\u5173\u7cfb\u6216\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u6536\u96c6\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u63d0\u51fa\u660e\u786e\u4e14\u53ef\u68c0\u9a8c\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-collecting-data\"><strong>\u6536\u96c6\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65\u662f\u6536\u96c6\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u68c0\u9a8c\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6570\u636e\u3002\u6570\u636e\u6536\u96c6\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5e94\u7cbe\u5fc3\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u6837\u672c\u80fd\u591f\u4ee3\u8868\u76f8\u5173\u4eba\u7fa4\u3002\u6837\u672c\u91cf\u5e94\u8db3\u591f\u5927\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5f97\u51fa\u7edf\u8ba1\u4e0a\u6709\u6548\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-analyzing-data\"><strong>\u5206\u6790\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b65\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u68c0\u9a8c\u5206\u6790\u6570\u636e\u3002\u68c0\u9a8c\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u548c\u8c03\u67e5\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7edf\u8ba1\u5206\u6790\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5c06\u63d0\u4f9b\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u5426\u5b9a\u96f6\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u53e6\u4e00\u5047\u8bbe\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-interpreting-results\"><strong>\u89e3\u8bfb\u7ed3\u679c<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u89e3\u91ca\u7edf\u8ba1\u5206\u6790\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u9700\u8981\u786e\u5b9a\u7ed3\u679c\u5728\u7edf\u8ba1\u4e0a\u662f\u5426\u6709\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u662f\u652f\u6301\u8fd8\u662f\u62d2\u7edd\u5047\u8bbe\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u8fd8\u5e94\u8003\u8651\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u548c\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-common-errors-in-hypothesis-testing\"><strong>\u5047\u8bbe\u68c0\u9a8c\u4e2d\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u9519\u8bef<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5047\u8bbe\u68c0\u9a8c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7edf\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u786e\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u652f\u6301\u6216\u62d2\u7edd\u57fa\u4e8e\u6837\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u4eba\u53e3\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u5047\u8bbe\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u68c0\u9a8c\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u9519\u8bef\u662f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>I \u7c7b\u9519\u8bef\uff1a <\/strong>\u5f53\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u62d2\u7edd\u63a5\u53d7\u96f6\u5047\u8bbe\u65f6\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u8be5\u5047\u8bbe\u4e3a\u771f\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u7c7b\u9519\u8bef\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u5047\u9633\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7c7b\u9519\u8bef\uff1a<\/strong><em> <\/em>\u5f53\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u672a\u80fd\u62d2\u7edd\u96f6\u5047\u8bbe\u65f6\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u96f6\u5047\u8bbe\u662f\u5047\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7c7b\u9519\u8bef\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u5047\u5426\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8981\u5c3d\u91cf\u51cf\u5c11\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bef\u5dee\uff0c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u8981\u7cbe\u5fc3\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u5f00\u5c55\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u5e76\u6b63\u786e\u89e3\u91ca\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u8fd8\u5e94\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u5176\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5f97\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba\u65f6\u8003\u8651\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u8bef\u5dee\u6765\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-null-and-alternative-hypotheses\"><strong>\u96f6\u5047\u8bbe\u548c\u5907\u62e9\u5047\u8bbe<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u5047\u8bbe\u68c0\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u7c7b\u5047\u8bbe\uff1a\u65e0\u6548\u5047\u8bbe\u548c\u66ff\u4ee3\u5047\u8bbe\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-the-null-hypothesis\"><strong>\u96f6\u5047\u8bbe<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u96f6\u5047\u8bbe\uff08H0\uff09\u662f\u5047\u8bbe\u4e24\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u663e\u8457\u5dee\u5f02\u6216\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u9648\u8ff0\u3002\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u5426\u5b9a\u5b83\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u5047\u5b9a\u4e3a\u771f\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5047\u8bbe\u3002\u96f6\u5047\u8bbe\u901a\u5e38\u5199\u6210\u76f8\u7b49\u7684\u58f0\u660e\uff0c\u5982 \"A \u7ec4\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u7b49\u4e8e B \u7ec4\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u503c\"\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-the-alternative-hypothesis\"><strong>\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u5047\u8bbe<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5907\u62e9\u5047\u8bbe\uff08Ha\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8bf4\u660e\u4e24\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u663e\u8457\u5dee\u5f02\u6216\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u9648\u8ff0\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u6709\u5174\u8da3\u68c0\u9a8c\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u3002\u66ff\u4ee3\u5047\u8bbe\u901a\u5e38\u5199\u6210\u4e0d\u7b49\u5f0f\u58f0\u660e\uff0c\u5982 \"A \u7ec4\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e B \u7ec4\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u503c\"\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u96f6\u5047\u8bbe\u548c\u5907\u62e9\u5047\u8bbe\u662f\u4e92\u8865\u548c\u76f8\u4e92\u6392\u65a5\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u62d2\u7edd\u4e86\u96f6\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u5219\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u5907\u62e9\u5047\u8bbe\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u80fd\u62d2\u7edd\u96f6\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u5907\u62e9\u5047\u8bbe\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u96f6\u5047\u8bbe\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e3a\u771f\u3002\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u5047\u8bbe\u6240\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u663e\u8457\u5dee\u5f02\u6216\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u9648\u8ff0\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u68c0\u9a8c\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u786e\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u6765\u5426\u5b9a\u96f6\u5047\u8bbe\u800c\u652f\u6301\u5907\u62e9\u5047\u8bbe\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-significance-level-and-p-value\"><strong>\u663e\u8457\u6027\u6c34\u5e73\u548c P \u503c<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u5047\u8bbe\u68c0\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u663e\u8457\u6027\u6c34\u5e73\uff08\u03b1\uff09\u662f\u53d1\u751f I \u7c7b\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u6982\u7387\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u96f6\u5047\u8bbe\u4e3a\u771f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u62d2\u7edd\u96f6\u5047\u8bbe\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u663e\u8457\u6027\u6c34\u5e73\u662f 0.05\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6709 5% \u7684\u6982\u7387\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0 I \u7c7b\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>p \u503c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7edf\u8ba1\u91cf\u5ea6\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5982\u679c\u96f6\u5047\u8bbe\u4e3a\u771f\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u89c2\u5bdf\u7ed3\u679c\u6216\u66f4\u6781\u7aef\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u6982\u7387\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u53cd\u9a73\u96f6\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\u3002\u5c0f\u7684 p \u503c\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u5c0f\u4e8e\u6240\u9009\u7684\u663e\u8457\u6027\u6c34\u5e73 0.05\uff09\u8868\u660e\u6709\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u53cd\u5bf9\u96f6\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u800c\u5927\u7684 p \u503c\u8868\u660e\u6ca1\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u62d2\u7edd\u96f6\u5047\u8bbe\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u679c p \u503c\u5c0f\u4e8e\u663e\u8457\u6027\u6c34\u5e73\uff08p  alpha\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u62d2\u7edd\u96f6\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u5907\u62e9\u5047\u8bbe\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u60f3\u4e86\u89e3\u5173\u4e8e\u663e\u8457\u6027\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u6613\u61c2\u7684\u6458\u8981\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\uff1a <a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/significance-level\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u4e00\u4e2a\u6613\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u663e\u8457\u6027\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u603b\u7ed3<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7edf\u8ba1\u610f\u4e49\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5b9e\u9645\u610f\u4e49\u6216\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u53d8\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5fae\u5c0f\u5dee\u5f02\u6216\u5173\u7cfb\u53ef\u80fd\u5177\u6709\u7edf\u8ba1\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u5177\u6709\u5b9e\u9645\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7edf\u8ba1\u610f\u4e49\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6837\u672c\u91cf\u548c\u6548\u5e94\u5927\u5c0f\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5e94\u7ed3\u5408\u7814\u7a76\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u95ee\u9898\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-power-analysis-for-hypothesis-testing\"><strong>\u5047\u8bbe\u68c0\u9a8c\u7684\u529f\u7387\u5206\u6790<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u529f\u7387\u5206\u6790\u662f\u5047\u8bbe\u68c0\u9a8c\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7edf\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u786e\u5b9a\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7f6e\u4fe1\u5ea6\u4e0b\u68c0\u6d4b\u7279\u5b9a\u6548\u5e94\u5927\u5c0f\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6837\u672c\u91cf\u3002\u7edf\u8ba1\u68c0\u9a8c\u7684\u529f\u7387\u662f\u6307\u5f53\u96f6\u5047\u8bbe\u4e3a\u5047\u65f6\uff0c\u6b63\u786e\u62d2\u7edd\u96f6\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u6982\u7387\u6216\u907f\u514d II \u578b\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u6982\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u529f\u7387\u5206\u6790\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u786e\u5b9a\u8fbe\u5230\u7406\u60f3\u529f\u7387\u6c34\u5e73\u6240\u9700\u7684\u9002\u5f53\u6837\u672c\u91cf\u3002\u529f\u7387\u4f4e\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4 II 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target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mind the Graph<\/a> Mind the Graph \u5e73\u53f0\u662f\u4e00\u6b3e\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53ef\u5e2e\u52a9\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u8f7b\u677e\u521b\u5efa\u79d1\u5b66\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u56fe\u8868\u3002Mind the Graph \u5177\u6709\u76f4\u89c2\u7684\u754c\u9762\u3001\u53ef\u5b9a\u5236\u7684\u6a21\u677f\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u63d2\u56fe\u548c\u56fe\u6807\u5e93\uff0c\u53ef\u5e2e\u52a9\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u8f7b\u677e\u521b\u5efa\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u56fe\u8868\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5411\u66f4\u591a\u53d7\u4f17\u6709\u6548\u4f20\u8fbe\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:21px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/offer-trial\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"651\" height=\"174\" src=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/banner-blog-trial-04.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-26792\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/banner-blog-trial-04.jpg 651w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/banner-blog-trial-04-300x80.jpg 300w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/banner-blog-trial-04-18x5.jpg 18w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/banner-blog-trial-04-100x27.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 651px) 100vw, 651px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:44px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4e86\u89e3\u5047\u8bbe\u68c0\u9a8c\u3002\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u5e38\u89c1\u9519\u8bef\u3001\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u7b49\u3002\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u6240\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u3002<\/p>","protected":false},"author":35,"featured_media":29081,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[978,974,961],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Hypothesis Testing: Principles and Methods<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn about hypothesis testing. The types of tests, common errors, best practices, and more. Perfect for all researchers.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/zh\/\u5047\u8bbe\u68c0\u9a8c\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Hypothesis Testing: Principles and Methods\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Learn about hypothesis testing. The types of tests, common errors, best practices, and more. 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