{"id":29176,"date":"2023-08-28T08:29:01","date_gmt":"2023-08-28T11:29:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/hypothesis-testing-copy\/"},"modified":"2024-12-05T15:51:53","modified_gmt":"2024-12-05T18:51:53","slug":"one-way-anova","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/tr\/tek-yonlu-anova\/","title":{"rendered":"Tek Y\u00f6nl\u00fc ANOVA: Anlama, Y\u00fcr\u00fctme ve Sunma"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Varyans Analizi (ANOVA), iki veya daha fazla grup aras\u0131ndaki ortalamalar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan istatistiksel bir y\u00f6ntemdir. \u00d6zellikle tek y\u00f6nl\u00fc ANOVA, iki veya daha fazla kategorik grup aras\u0131nda tek bir s\u00fcrekli de\u011fi\u015fkenin varyans\u0131n\u0131 analiz etmek i\u00e7in yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan bir tekniktir. Bu teknik, hipotezleri test etmek ve gruplar aras\u0131ndaki farkl\u0131l\u0131klar hakk\u0131nda sonu\u00e7lar \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in i\u015f d\u00fcnyas\u0131, sosyal bilimler ve do\u011fa bilimleri dahil olmak \u00fczere \u00e7e\u015fitli alanlarda yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Tek y\u00f6nl\u00fc ANOVA'n\u0131n temellerini anlamak, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n ve veri analistlerinin istatistiksel kan\u0131tlara dayal\u0131 bilin\u00e7li kararlar almas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir. Bu makalede, tek y\u00f6nl\u00fc ANOVA tekni\u011fini ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak a\u00e7\u0131klayacak ve uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131, varsay\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 ve daha fazlas\u0131n\u0131 tart\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-what-is-one-way-anova\"><strong>Tek y\u00f6nl\u00fc ANOVA nedir?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Tek y\u00f6nl\u00fc ANOVA (Varyans Analizi), veri gruplar\u0131n\u0131n ortalamalar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki \u00f6nemli farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 test etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan istatistiksel bir y\u00f6ntemdir. Genellikle deneysel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda farkl\u0131 tedavilerin veya m\u00fcdahalelerin belirli bir sonu\u00e7 \u00fczerindeki etkilerini kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>ANOVA'n\u0131n arkas\u0131ndaki temel fikir, verilerdeki toplam de\u011fi\u015fkenli\u011fi iki bile\u015fene ay\u0131rmakt\u0131r: gruplar aras\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fkenlik (muameleden dolay\u0131) ve her bir grup i\u00e7indeki de\u011fi\u015fkenlik (rastgele de\u011fi\u015fkenlik ve bireysel farkl\u0131l\u0131klardan dolay\u0131). ANOVA testi, gruplar aras\u0131 varyasyonun grup i\u00e7i varyasyona oran\u0131 olan bir F-istatisti\u011fi hesaplar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>F-istatisti\u011fi yeterince b\u00fcy\u00fckse ve ilgili p-de\u011feri \u00f6nceden belirlenmi\u015f bir anlaml\u0131l\u0131k d\u00fczeyinin alt\u0131ndaysa (\u00f6rne\u011fin 0,05), grup ortalamalar\u0131n\u0131n en az birinin di\u011ferlerinden \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde farkl\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steren g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc kan\u0131tlar oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir. Bu durumda, hangi belirli gruplar\u0131n birbirinden farkl\u0131 oldu\u011funu belirlemek i\u00e7in daha ileri post hoc testleri kullan\u0131labilir. Post hoc hakk\u0131nda daha fazla bilgiyi i\u00e7eri\u011fimizde okuyabilirsiniz \"<a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/post-hoc-analysis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Post Hoc Analizi: S\u00fcre\u00e7 ve test t\u00fcrleri<\/a>&#8220;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tek y\u00f6nl\u00fc ANOVA, verilerin normal da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve gruplar\u0131n varyanslar\u0131n\u0131n e\u015fit oldu\u011funu varsayar. Bu varsay\u0131mlar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lanmamas\u0131 durumunda, bunun yerine alternatif parametrik olmayan testler kullan\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/researcher.life\/all-access-pricing?utm_source=mtg&amp;utm_campaign=all-access-promotion&amp;utm_medium=blog\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"410\" src=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Banner3-1024x410.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-55425\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Banner3-1024x410.png 1024w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Banner3-300x120.png 300w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Banner3-768x307.png 768w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Banner3-1536x615.png 1536w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Banner3-2048x820.png 2048w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Banner3-18x7.png 18w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Banner3-100x40.png 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-how-is-one-way-anova-used\"><strong>Tek y\u00f6nl\u00fc ANOVA nas\u0131l kullan\u0131l\u0131r?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Tek y\u00f6nl\u00fc ANOVA, iki veya daha fazla ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z grubun ortalamalar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00f6nemli farkl\u0131l\u0131klar olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirlemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan istatistiksel bir testtir. T\u00fcm gruplar\u0131n ortalamalar\u0131n\u0131n e\u015fit oldu\u011fu bo\u015f hipotezini, en az bir ortalaman\u0131n di\u011ferlerinden farkl\u0131 oldu\u011fu alternatif hipotezine kar\u015f\u0131 test etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-assumptions-of-anova\"><strong>ANOVA'n\u0131n Varsay\u0131mlar\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>ANOVA, sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n ge\u00e7erli ve g\u00fcvenilir olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 gereken \u00e7e\u015fitli varsay\u0131mlara sahiptir. Bu varsay\u0131mlar a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibidir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Normallik:<\/strong> Ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fken her grup i\u00e7inde normal da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m g\u00f6stermelidir. Bu durum histogramlar, normal olas\u0131l\u0131k grafikleri veya Shapiro-Wilk testi gibi istatistiksel testler kullan\u0131larak kontrol edilebilir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Varyans\u0131n homojenli\u011fi: <\/strong>Ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fkenin varyans\u0131 t\u00fcm gruplar aras\u0131nda yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak e\u015fit olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu, Levene testi veya Bartlett testi gibi istatistiksel testler kullan\u0131larak kontrol edilebilir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k: <\/strong>Her bir gruptaki g\u00f6zlemler birbirinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu, bir gruptaki de\u011ferlerin di\u011fer herhangi bir gruptaki de\u011ferlerle ili\u015fkili veya ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 olmamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Rastgele \u00f6rnekleme:<\/strong> Gruplar rastgele bir \u00f6rnekleme s\u00fcreci ile olu\u015fturulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu, sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n daha b\u00fcy\u00fck pop\u00fclasyona genellenebilmesini sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>ANOVA yapmadan \u00f6nce bu varsay\u0131mlar\u0131 kontrol etmek \u00f6nemlidir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bunlar\u0131n ihlal edilmesi hatal\u0131 sonu\u00e7lara ve yanl\u0131\u015f sonu\u00e7lara yol a\u00e7abilir. Varsay\u0131mlardan biri veya daha fazlas\u0131 ihlal edilirse, bunun yerine kullan\u0131labilecek parametrik olmayan testler gibi alternatif testler vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-performing-a-one-way-anova\"><strong>Tek y\u00f6nl\u00fc ANOVA ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirme<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Tek y\u00f6nl\u00fc ANOVA ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ad\u0131mlar\u0131 takip edebilirsiniz:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ad\u0131m 1:<\/strong> Hipotezleri belirtiniz<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u0131f\u0131r hipotezini ve alternatif hipotezi tan\u0131mlay\u0131n\u0131z. S\u0131f\u0131r hipotezi, gruplar\u0131n ortalamalar\u0131 aras\u0131nda anlaml\u0131 bir fark olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Alternatif hipotez ise en az bir grup ortalamas\u0131n\u0131n di\u011ferlerinden \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde farkl\u0131 oldu\u011fudur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ad\u0131m 2:<\/strong> Veri toplay\u0131n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmak istedi\u011finiz her gruptan veri toplay\u0131n. Her grup ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olmal\u0131 ve benzer bir \u00f6rneklem b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne sahip olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ad\u0131m 3:<\/strong> Her bir grubun ortalamas\u0131n\u0131 ve varyans\u0131n\u0131 hesaplay\u0131n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z verileri kullanarak her bir grubun ortalamas\u0131n\u0131 ve varyans\u0131n\u0131 hesaplay\u0131n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ad\u0131m 4:<\/strong> Genel ortalama ve varyans\u0131 hesaplay\u0131n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Her bir grubun ortalama ve varyanslar\u0131n\u0131n ortalamas\u0131n\u0131 alarak genel ortalama ve varyans\u0131 hesaplay\u0131n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ad\u0131m 5:<\/strong> Gruplar aras\u0131ndaki kareler toplam\u0131n\u0131 (SSB) hesaplay\u0131n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Form\u00fcl\u00fc kullanarak gruplar aras\u0131ndaki kareler toplam\u0131n\u0131 (SSB) hesaplay\u0131n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>SSB = \u03a3ni (x\u0304i - x\u0304)^2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Burada ni i'inci grubun \u00f6rneklem b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, x\u0304i i'inci grubun ortalamas\u0131 ve x\u0304 genel ortalamad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ad\u0131m 6:<\/strong> Grup i\u00e7i kareler toplam\u0131n\u0131 (SSW) hesaplay\u0131n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Form\u00fcl\u00fc kullanarak grup i\u00e7i kareler toplam\u0131n\u0131 (SSW) hesaplay\u0131n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>SSW = \u03a3\u03a3(xi - x\u0304i)^2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Burada xi, j'inci gruptaki i'inci g\u00f6zlemdir, x\u0304i, j'inci grubun ortalamas\u0131d\u0131r ve j, 1 ila k grup aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ad\u0131m 7: <\/strong>F-istatisti\u011fini hesaplay\u0131n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gruplar aras\u0131 varyans\u0131 (SSB) grup i\u00e7i varyansa (SSW) b\u00f6lerek F-istatisti\u011fini hesaplay\u0131n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>F = (SSB \/ (k - 1)) \/ (SSW \/ (n - k))<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Burada k grup say\u0131s\u0131 ve n toplam \u00f6rneklem b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ad\u0131m 8:<\/strong> F'nin kritik de\u011ferini ve p-de\u011ferini belirleyin<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130stenen anlaml\u0131l\u0131k d\u00fczeyine ve serbestlik derecesine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak kritik F de\u011ferini ve buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelen p de\u011ferini belirleyin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ad\u0131m 9:<\/strong> Hesaplanan F-istatisti\u011fini kritik F de\u011feri ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hesaplanan F-istatisti\u011fi kritik F de\u011ferinden b\u00fcy\u00fckse, s\u0131f\u0131r hipotezini reddedin ve en az iki grubun ortalamalar\u0131 aras\u0131nda anlaml\u0131 bir fark oldu\u011fu sonucuna var\u0131n. Hesaplanan F-istatisti\u011fi F kritik de\u011ferine e\u015fit veya daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckse, s\u0131f\u0131r hipotezini reddedemez ve gruplar\u0131n ortalamalar\u0131 aras\u0131nda anlaml\u0131 bir fark olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna var\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>10. Ad\u0131m:<\/strong> post hoc analiz (gerekirse)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u0131f\u0131r hipotezi reddedilirse, hangi gruplar\u0131n birbirinden \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde farkl\u0131 oldu\u011funu belirlemek i\u00e7in post hoc analizi yap\u0131n. Yayg\u0131n post hoc testleri aras\u0131nda Tukey'in HSD testi, Bonferroni d\u00fczeltmesi ve Scheffe testi yer al\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-interpreting-the-results\"><strong>Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n yorumlanmas\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Tek y\u00f6nl\u00fc ANOVA yap\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra sonu\u00e7lar a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi yorumlanabilir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>F-istatisti\u011fi ve p-de\u011feri: <\/strong>F-istatisti\u011fi, gruplar aras\u0131 varyans\u0131n grup i\u00e7i varyansa oran\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7er. P-de\u011feri, s\u0131f\u0131r hipotezinin do\u011fru olmas\u0131 durumunda g\u00f6zlemlenen kadar a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir F-istatisti\u011fi elde etme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir p-de\u011feri (se\u00e7ilen anlaml\u0131l\u0131k d\u00fczeyinden, genellikle 0,05'ten k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck), s\u0131f\u0131r hipotezine kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir kan\u0131t oldu\u011funu ve en az iki grubun ortalamalar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir fark oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Serbestlik derecesi: <\/strong>Gruplar aras\u0131 ve grup i\u00e7i fakt\u00f6rler i\u00e7in serbestlik dereceleri s\u0131ras\u0131yla k-1 ve N-k'dir; burada k grup say\u0131s\u0131 ve N toplam \u00f6rneklem b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ortalama kare hatas\u0131:<\/strong><em> <\/em>Ortalama hata karesi (MSE), grup i\u00e7i kareler toplam\u0131n\u0131n grup i\u00e7i serbestlik derecesine oran\u0131d\u0131r. Bu, gruplar aras\u0131ndaki farkl\u0131l\u0131klar hesaba kat\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra her bir grup i\u00e7inde tahmin edilen varyans\u0131 temsil eder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Etki b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc:<\/strong> Etki b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fkendeki toplam varyasyonun grup farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131klanan oran\u0131n\u0131 temsil eden eta-kare (\u03b7\u00b2) kullan\u0131larak \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilir. Eta-kare de\u011ferlerinin yayg\u0131n yorumlar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck etki: \u03b7\u00b2 &lt; 0,01<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Orta etki: 0,01 \u2264 \u03b7\u00b2 &lt; 0,06<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u00fcy\u00fck etki: \u03b7\u00b2 \u2265 0,06<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/post-hoc-analysis\/\"><strong>Post hoc analizi:<\/strong><\/a> S\u0131f\u0131r hipotezi reddedilirse, hangi gruplar\u0131n birbirinden \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde farkl\u0131 oldu\u011funu belirlemek i\u00e7in post hoc analizi yap\u0131labilir. Bu, Tukey'in HSD testi, Bonferroni d\u00fczeltmesi veya Scheffe testi gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli testler kullan\u0131larak yap\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sonu\u00e7lar, ara\u015ft\u0131rma sorusu ve analizin varsay\u0131mlar\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda yorumlanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Varsay\u0131mlar kar\u015f\u0131lanmazsa veya sonu\u00e7lar yorumlanamazsa, alternatif testler veya analizde de\u011fi\u015fiklikler yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-post-hoc-testing\"><strong>Post hoc testi<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130statistikte tek y\u00f6nl\u00fc ANOVA, \u00fc\u00e7 veya daha fazla grubun ortalamalar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan bir tekniktir. Bir ANOVA testi yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ve s\u0131f\u0131r hipotezi reddedilirse, yani en az bir grup ortalamas\u0131n\u0131n di\u011ferlerinden farkl\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steren \u00f6nemli kan\u0131tlar varsa, hangi gruplar\u0131n birbirinden \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde farkl\u0131 oldu\u011funu belirlemek i\u00e7in bir post hoc testi yap\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Post hoc testleri, gruplar\u0131n ortalamalar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki belirli farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 belirlemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Baz\u0131 yayg\u0131n post hoc testleri aras\u0131nda Tukey'in d\u00fcr\u00fcst\u00e7e anlaml\u0131 fark (HSD), Bonferroni d\u00fczeltmesi, Scheffe y\u00f6ntemi ve Dunnett testi yer al\u0131r. Bu testlerin her birinin kendi varsay\u0131mlar\u0131, avantajlar\u0131 ve s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar\u0131 vard\u0131r ve hangi testin kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n se\u00e7imi belirli ara\u015ft\u0131rma sorusuna ve verilerin \u00f6zelliklerine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Genel olarak, post hoc testleri, tek y\u00f6nl\u00fc ANOVA analizindeki belirli grup farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda daha ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bilgi sa\u011flamada faydal\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak, bu testleri dikkatli kullanmak ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rma sorusu ve verilerin spesifik \u00f6zellikleri ba\u011flam\u0131nda yorumlamak \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130\u00e7eri\u011fimizde Post Hoc Analizi hakk\u0131nda daha fazla bilgi edinin \"<a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/post-hoc-analysis\/\">Post Hoc Analizi: S\u00fcre\u00e7 ve test t\u00fcrleri<\/a>&#8220;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-reporting-the-results-of-anova\"><strong>ANOVA sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n raporlanmas\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Bir ANOVA analizinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 raporlarken, dahil edilmesi gereken birka\u00e7 bilgi par\u00e7as\u0131 vard\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>F istatisti\u011fi: <\/strong>Bu, ANOVA i\u00e7in test istatisti\u011fidir ve gruplar aras\u0131 varyans\u0131n grup i\u00e7i varyansa oran\u0131n\u0131 temsil eder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>F istatisti\u011fi i\u00e7in serbestlik derecesi:<\/strong> Bu, pay (gruplar aras\u0131 varyasyon) ve payda (grup i\u00e7i varyasyon) i\u00e7in serbestlik derecelerini i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>P-de\u011feri: <\/strong>Bu, s\u0131f\u0131r hipotezinin do\u011fru oldu\u011fu varsay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, g\u00f6zlemlenen F istatisti\u011finin (veya daha u\u00e7 bir de\u011ferin) yaln\u0131zca \u015fans eseri elde edilme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 temsil eder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>S\u0131f\u0131r hipotezinin reddedilip reddedilmedi\u011fine ili\u015fkin bir ifade:<\/strong> Bu, p-de\u011ferine ve se\u00e7ilen anlaml\u0131l\u0131k d\u00fczeyine (\u00f6rne\u011fin, alfa = 0,05) dayanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Bir post hoc testi:<\/strong> Bo\u015f hipotez reddedilirse, hangi gruplar\u0131n birbirinden \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde farkl\u0131 oldu\u011funu belirlemek i\u00e7in bir post hoc testinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 rapor edilmelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00d6rne\u011fin, \u00f6rnek bir rapor \u015f\u00f6yle olabilir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00dc\u00e7 grubun (Grup A, Grup B ve Grup C) haf\u0131zada tutma testindeki ortalama puanlar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in tek y\u00f6nl\u00fc bir ANOVA yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. F istatisti\u011fi 4.58, serbestlik derecesi 2, 87 ve p-de\u011feri 0.01'dir. Tukey HSD kullan\u0131larak yap\u0131lan post hoc testi, Grup A'n\u0131n ortalama puan\u0131n\u0131n (M = 83.4, SD = 4.2), birbirlerinden \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde farkl\u0131 olmayan Grup B (M = 76.9, SD = 5.5) ve Grup C'den (M = 77.6, SD = 5.3) \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde daha y\u00fcksek oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-find-the-perfect-infographic-template-for-you\"><strong>Sizin i\u00e7in m\u00fckemmel infografik \u015fablonunu bulun<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mind the Graph<\/a> bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131n ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n bilimsel kavramlar\u0131 etkili bir \u015fekilde ileten g\u00f6rsel yard\u0131mc\u0131lar olu\u015fturmalar\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak i\u00e7in \u00f6nceden tasarlanm\u0131\u015f infografik \u015fablonlar\u0131ndan olu\u015fan geni\u015f bir koleksiyon sa\u011flayan bir platformdur. Platform, geni\u015f bir bilimsel ill\u00fcstrasyon k\u00fct\u00fcphanesine eri\u015fim sunarak bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131n ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131rma bulgular\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rsel olarak iletmek i\u00e7in m\u00fckemmel infografik \u015fablonunu kolayca bulabilmelerini sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:21px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/offer-trial\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"651\" height=\"174\" src=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/banner-blog-trial-04.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-26792\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/banner-blog-trial-04.jpg 651w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/banner-blog-trial-04-300x80.jpg 300w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/banner-blog-trial-04-18x5.jpg 18w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/banner-blog-trial-04-100x27.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 651px) 100vw, 651px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:44px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Veri analizinde birden fazla grup aras\u0131ndaki ortalamalar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan istatistiksel bir y\u00f6ntem olan tek y\u00f6nl\u00fc ANOVA hakk\u0131nda bilgi edinin ve nas\u0131l uygulanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenin.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":35,"featured_media":29180,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.9 - 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