{"id":26890,"date":"2023-02-24T17:29:11","date_gmt":"2023-02-24T20:29:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/what-are-nanomaterials-copy\/"},"modified":"2023-02-28T17:41:23","modified_gmt":"2023-02-28T20:41:23","slug":"observer-bias","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/tr\/gozlemci-onyargisi\/","title":{"rendered":"Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda G\u00f6zlemci \u00d6nyarg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00dcstesinden Gelmek: Nas\u0131l En Aza \u0130ndirilir?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Beklentilerimiz ve inan\u00e7lar\u0131m\u0131z, etraf\u0131m\u0131zdaki d\u00fcnyay\u0131 nas\u0131l deneyimledi\u011fimiz ve anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00fczerinde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir etkiye sahip olabilir. Ara\u015ft\u0131rma s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda, bu \u00f6nyarg\u0131l\u0131 inan\u00e7lar bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n tamamen \u00f6nyarg\u0131l\u0131 olmas\u0131na neden olarak \u00e7arp\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, aldat\u0131c\u0131 ve hatta tamamen yanl\u0131\u015f sonu\u00e7lara var\u0131lmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu g\u00f6zlemci \u00f6nyarg\u0131s\u0131 olarak bilinir ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda s\u0131k\u00e7a rastlanan bir durumdur. Bilgiyi i\u00e7g\u00fcd\u00fcsel olarak ki\u015finin kendi inan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131, beklentilerini veya \u00f6nyarg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirecek \u015fekilde yorumlamak normal bir insan yatk\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu makalede, sadece g\u00f6zlemci \u00f6nyarg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ne oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klamay\u0131 de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda bunun nas\u0131l en aza indirilebilece\u011fine dair baz\u0131 \u00f6neriler sunmay\u0131 umuyoruz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00f6zlemsel ara\u015ft\u0131rma nedir?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Esasen, g\u00f6zlemsel ara\u015ft\u0131rma, m\u00fcdahaleci olmayan bir yakla\u015f\u0131mla veri toplamak ve davran\u0131\u015f ve olaylar\u0131 anlamak i\u00e7in yararl\u0131 bir y\u00f6ntemdir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do\u011fal g\u00f6zlem, kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 g\u00f6zlem ve ar\u015fiv ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 g\u00f6zlemsel ara\u015ft\u0131rma \u00f6rnekleridir. Ayr\u0131ca, g\u00f6zlemsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar t\u0131p, psikoloji, davran\u0131\u015f bilimleri ve etnografya dahil olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok ara\u015ft\u0131rma alan\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00f6zlemci \u00f6nyarg\u0131s\u0131 nedir?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131n\u0131n ki\u015fisel g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerinin, beklentilerinin veya \u00f6nyarg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00fczerindeki etkisi g\u00f6zlemci \u00f6nyarg\u0131s\u0131 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Bu durum, bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131n\u0131n bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n bulgular\u0131n\u0131 kendi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerine veya \u00f6nyarg\u0131l\u0131 varsay\u0131mlar\u0131na dayanarak bilin\u00e7sizce etkiledi\u011fi ve verilerin yanl\u0131\u015f yorumlanmas\u0131na neden oldu\u011fu zaman ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rma y\u00f6nteminin do\u011fas\u0131 gere\u011fi, g\u00f6zlemsel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda g\u00f6zlemci yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 daha olas\u0131d\u0131r. G\u00f6zleme dayal\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 genellikle pasif bir g\u00f6zlemcidir ve veri toplamak i\u00e7in kendi g\u00f6zlem ve yorumlar\u0131na g\u00fcvenir. Sonu\u00e7 olarak, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131n\u0131n ki\u015fisel g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri, beklentileri veya \u00f6nyarg\u0131lar\u0131 verileri nas\u0131l yorumlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve raporlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 etkileyebilir ve b\u00f6ylece g\u00f6zlemci yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 riskini art\u0131rabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n
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\"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n

G\u00f6zlemci \u00f6nyarg\u0131s\u0131 t\u00fcrleri<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

G\u00f6zlemci \u00f6nyarg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli t\u00fcrleri vard\u0131r; bunlar hakk\u0131nda daha fazla bilgi edinmek i\u00e7in okumaya devam edin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Akt\u00f6r-g\u00f6zlemci \u00f6nyarg\u0131s\u0131<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Akt\u00f6r-g\u00f6zlemci \u00f6nyarg\u0131s\u0131, insanlar\u0131n kendi davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7evresel ko\u015fullara atfederken, di\u011fer insanlar\u0131n eylemlerini ki\u015filiklerine veya e\u011filimlerine atfetme e\u011filimini ifade eder. Ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle, insanlar kendi davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcklerinde, davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131na yol a\u00e7an ba\u011flam ve ko\u015fullar\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmeye daha meyillidirler, ancak ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n eylemlerini g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerinde, bu t\u00fcr davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ki\u015filik niteliklerine veya i\u00e7sel e\u011filimlere atfetme olas\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 daha y\u00fcksektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u00d6rnek: <\/strong>Ben trafi\u011fe tak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131m i\u00e7in toplant\u0131ya ge\u00e7 kald\u0131m, ama o da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in ge\u00e7 kald\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

G\u00f6zlemci-beklenti etkisi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

G\u00f6zlemci-beklenti etkisi, bir g\u00f6zlemcinin beklentilerinin veya inan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n, kan\u0131tlar\u0131 nas\u0131l alg\u0131lad\u0131klar\u0131 ve yorumlad\u0131klar\u0131 \u00fczerindeki etkisini i\u00e7erir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6rne\u011fin, bir g\u00f6zlemci belirli bir grup birey veya belirli bir olgu hakk\u0131nda \u00f6nceden belirlenmi\u015f bir fikre sahipse, bu inan\u00e7larla \u00e7eli\u015fen kan\u0131tlar\u0131 g\u00f6rmezden gelirken inan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 destekleyen bilgilere tercihli olarak kat\u0131labilir veya bunlar\u0131 yorumlayabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Pratik bir \u00f6rnek olarak, anksiyete bozukluklar\u0131 i\u00e7in potansiyel bir tedavinin etkinli\u011fi \u00fczerine ara\u015ft\u0131rma y\u00fcr\u00fcten bir fizyolog verilebilir. Psikolog, kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 de\u011ferlendirirken, terapinin son derece faydal\u0131 oldu\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki hipotezini destekleyen kan\u0131tlara istemeden odaklanabilir ve aksini g\u00f6steren verileri g\u00f6zden ka\u00e7\u0131rabilir veya en aza indirebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Deneyci \u00f6nyarg\u0131s\u0131<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Deneyci \u00f6nyarg\u0131s\u0131, bir deneycinin beklentilerinin, inan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n veya ki\u015fisel \u00f6nyarg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n bir deneyin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00fczerindeki etkisidir. Bu \u00f6nyarg\u0131, bir deneycinin beklentilerini veya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini desteklemek i\u00e7in verileri istemeden manip\u00fcle etmesi veya yorumlamas\u0131yla ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilir ve hatal\u0131 veya \u00f6nyarg\u0131l\u0131 sonu\u00e7lara yol a\u00e7abilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Deney yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zlemci-beklenti etkisinden farkl\u0131d\u0131r; deney yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir deneyin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra deneyin nas\u0131l y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve yorumland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 etkilerken, g\u00f6zlemci-beklenti etkisi bir g\u00f6zlemcinin beklentilerinin veya inan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n bir g\u00f6zlemdeki verileri nas\u0131l alg\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131, toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131, analiz etti\u011fi ve yorumlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerindeki etkisini ifade eder. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ayr\u0131ca, g\u00f6zlemci yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 tipik olarak deneysel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarla ili\u015fkiliyken, deneyci yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 tipik olarak g\u00f6zlemsel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarla ili\u015fkilidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00f6zlemci-beklenti etkisi i\u00e7in kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ayn\u0131 \u00f6rne\u011fi kullanal\u0131m. Bir fizyolog, anksiyete bozukluklar\u0131 i\u00e7in potansiyel bir tedavinin etkinli\u011fi \u00fczerine ara\u015ft\u0131rma yap\u0131yor. Psikolog, iyi bulgular elde etme \u015fans\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in ara\u015ft\u0131rma s\u0131ras\u0131nda deneyi istemeden de olsa d\u00fczenleyebilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, ilaca olumlu yan\u0131t verme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 daha y\u00fcksek olan g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcleri se\u00e7ebilir veya tedavinin faydalar\u0131n\u0131 optimize etmek i\u00e7in dozaj\u0131n\u0131 veya s\u00fcresini de\u011fi\u015ftirebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hawthorne etkisi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Hawthorne etkisi, izlendi\u011fini bilmenin ki\u015finin davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 \u00fczerindeki etkisiyle ilgili bir olgudur. Bu etki, 1920'lerde ve 1930'larda Illinois'deki Hawthorne Works fabrikas\u0131nda yap\u0131lan ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n daha iyi ayd\u0131nlatma veya daha k\u0131sa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatleri gibi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin i\u015f performans\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ke\u015ffettikleri bir dizi deneyden sonra adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, \u00fcretkenlikteki art\u0131\u015f\u0131n, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131ndaki belirli iyile\u015fmelerden ziyade, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n izlendiklerinin bilincinde olmalar\u0131ndan ve bunun sonucunda g\u00f6rd\u00fckleri ilgiden kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bulmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00f6zlemci \u00f6nyarg\u0131s\u0131 nas\u0131l en aza indirilir?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

G\u00f6zlemci yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131rma bulgular\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi ve g\u00fcvenilirli\u011fi \u00fczerinde \u00f6nemli bir etkisi olabilece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, etkilerini en aza indirmek i\u00e7in \u00f6nlemler al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. G\u00f6zlemci yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 en aza indirmek i\u00e7in baz\u0131 y\u00f6ntemler a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da verilmi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. G\u00f6zlemcilerin \u00f6nyarg\u0131 fark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve bunun etkileri konusunda e\u011fitilmesi, g\u00f6zlemcilerin bulgular\u0131nda \u00f6nyarg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 fark etmelerine ve kontrol etmelerine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    1. Verilerin farkl\u0131 g\u00f6zlemcilerle \u00e7apraz kontrol\u00fc, g\u00f6zlemlerin tutarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve do\u011frulu\u011funu sa\u011flamaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir. Bu, g\u00f6zlemlerdeki farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n veya \u00f6nyarg\u0131lar\u0131n tespit edilmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olarak verilerin daha g\u00fcvenilir bir \u015fekilde temsil edilmesini sa\u011flayabilir. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
        \n
      1. Standartla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f protokoller, g\u00f6zlemlerin tutarl\u0131 ve objektif bir \u015fekilde yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir. G\u00f6zlemlerde bireysel yorumlama veya farkl\u0131l\u0131k olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rarak g\u00f6zlemci \u00f6nyarg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n etkisini azaltmaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
          \n
        1. \u00c7ift k\u00f6r denemeler gibi k\u00f6rleme yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131, g\u00f6zlemcinin kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lara hangi tedavi veya m\u00fcdahalenin uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmesini engelleyerek g\u00f6zlemci yanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n etkisini azaltmaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir. Bu, g\u00f6zlemcinin beklentilerinin ve \u00f6nyarg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6zlemlerini veya ger\u00e7ekleri yorumlamas\u0131n\u0131 etkilememesini sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
            \n
          1. G\u00f6zlemlerin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpmayacak \u015fekilde yap\u0131lmas\u0131, bir ki\u015finin izlendi\u011fini bilmesinin davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 \u00fczerindeki etkilerini ifade eden Hawthorne etkisini azaltmaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

            Bilim insanlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan infografik \u015fablonlar\u0131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

            \u0130htiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 anlayan birinden yard\u0131m almaktan daha iyi bir \u015fey yoktur. \u0130nfografikleriniz ve ill\u00fcstrasyonlar\u0131n\u0131z i\u00e7in uygun arac\u0131 arayan bir bilim adam\u0131ysan\u0131z, Grafi\u011fe Dikkat Edin<\/a> tam olarak neye ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131z oldu\u011funu anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z i\u00e7in gidilecek en iyi yerdir!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            <\/div>\n\n\n
            \n
            \"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n
            <\/div>\n\n\n\n
            \n
            Mind the Graph'yi kullanmaya ba\u015flay\u0131n<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
            <\/div>\n\n\n\n

            <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            G\u00f6zlemci \u00f6nyarg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ne oldu\u011funu, farkl\u0131 t\u00fcrlerini, ara\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 nas\u0131l etkiledi\u011fini ve en \u00f6nemlisi nas\u0131l en aza indirilebilece\u011fini \u00f6\u011frenin.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":28,"featured_media":26897,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nOvercoming Observer Bias in Research: How To Minimize It?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn what observer bias is, the different types, how it affects research, and, most importantly, how to minimize it.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/tr\/gozlemci-onyargisi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Overcoming Observer Bias in Research: How To Minimize It?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Learn what observer bias is, the different types, how it affects research, and, most importantly, how to minimize it.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/tr\/gozlemci-onyargisi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Mind the Graph Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-02-24T20:29:11+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-02-28T20:41:23+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/blog-observer.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1124\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"613\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Jessica Abbadia\" \/>\n<meta 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