{"id":14781,"date":"2021-10-14T14:28:34","date_gmt":"2021-10-14T17:28:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/?p=14781"},"modified":"2023-01-05T14:53:24","modified_gmt":"2023-01-05T17:53:24","slug":"motivational-tactics-the-math-behind-the-reward-system","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/tr\/motivasyon-taktikleri-odul-sisteminin-arkasindaki-math\/","title":{"rendered":"Motivasyon Taktikleri: \u00d6d\u00fcl Sisteminin Arkas\u0131ndaki Matematik"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00d6d\u00fcl Sistemi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0130\u00e7sel motivasyon stratejisi, bir hedefe ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in ne kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00e7aba g\u00f6sterdi\u011fimizi kontrol eder. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soru \u015fu: G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fte ne kadar \u00f6nemsiz olursa olsun, bizi herhangi bir hedef i\u00e7in elimizden gelen \u00e7abay\u0131 g\u00f6stermeye motive eden nedir? Beynimiz bizi ileriye g\u00f6t\u00fcrecek bir motivasyon stratejisi olarak bizi bir \u00f6d\u00fcle mi \u00e7ekmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor? Eylemlerimizin ard\u0131ndaki nedenler nelerdir?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6d\u00fcl sistemi bir\u00e7ok patolojik durum nedeniyle zay\u0131flar ve motivasyon eksikli\u011fine neden olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A son \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma<\/a> Japonya'da maymunlar\u0131n \u00f6d\u00fcl sistemi a\u011flar\u0131n\u0131 inceledi ve ince ayar yapt\u0131. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda, motivasyonu art\u0131rmay\u0131 ama\u00e7layan \u00f6d\u00fcl sistemlerinin birka\u00e7 temel y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131lar. <\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Mind<\/a>
Mind the Graph ill\u00fcstrasyonu: Ay\u0131k Vervet Maymunu<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

N\u00f6rolojik a\u00e7\u0131dan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bu durum, hedeflerimizin pe\u015finden gitme ve onlar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmenin getirdi\u011fi tatminin keyfini \u00e7\u0131karma e\u011filimimizi etkileyen beynin \u00f6d\u00fcl sistemiyle ilgilidir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, belirli insan gruplar\u0131n\u0131n (\u00f6rne\u011fin, \u00f6d\u00fcl sistemleri tipik olarak tehlikede olan depresyon, \u015fizofreni veya Parkinson hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 olanlar) kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabilece\u011fi zararl\u0131 psikolojik zorluklar\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirlemek i\u00e7in, \u00f6d\u00fcl sisteminin mekanizmalar\u0131n\u0131 ve belirli eylemleri ba\u015flat\u0131p ba\u015flatmama konusunda nas\u0131l karar verdi\u011fini ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yorlar.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Mind<\/a>
Mind the Graph \u015eablonu<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Motivasyonun \u015eifresini \u00c7\u00f6zmek: Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar ne buldu?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Her g\u00fcn, bir eylemin faydalar\u0131n\u0131 ve maliyetlerini tartarak harekete ge\u00e7ip ge\u00e7meyece\u011fimize karar veririz. Faydalar (\u00f6d\u00fcller) ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir sonu\u00e7 elde etme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131rken, bu sonuca ula\u015fman\u0131n maliyeti (risk, gecikme ve s\u0131k\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma) \u00f6d\u00fcllerin azalmas\u0131na neden olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dopamin (DA) motivasyonun \u00f6nemli bir bile\u015fenidir ve bir eylemin beklenen \u00f6d\u00fcllerine veya maliyetlerine dayal\u0131 olarak davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 etkiler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Orta beyin DA n\u00f6ronlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan faz ate\u015flemesinin pozitif art\u0131\u015f\u0131 potansiyel \u00f6d\u00fcllerle ili\u015fkilidir ve verimsiz art\u0131\u015f risklerle ili\u015fkilidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

DA beyindeki etkilerini iletirken, DA molek\u00fcllerini arayan ve ba\u011flayan DA resept\u00f6rleri taraf\u0131ndan iletilir, b\u00f6ylece sinyaller sinir sistemi boyunca yay\u0131l\u0131r. Buna ra\u011fmen, her bir resept\u00f6r\u00fcn \u00f6zellikleri farkl\u0131 oldu\u011fundan, her birinin DA sinyal yolu \u00fczerindeki g\u00f6receli etkisini anlamak \u00e7ok \u00f6nemliydi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Motivasyonu anlamak i\u00e7in ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar iki t\u00fcr DA resept\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc incelemek \u00fczere makak maymunlar\u0131n\u0131 kulland\u0131lar: D1 resept\u00f6rleri (D1R) ve D2 resept\u00f6rleri (D2R) - her ikisi de \u00f6d\u00fcl odakl\u0131 motivasyonda rol oynar.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Mind<\/a>
Mind the Graph \u015eablonu<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Bilim insanlar\u0131, maymunlar\u0131n DA tepkisini bast\u0131ran bir molek\u00fcl enjekte ederek bu maymunlarda D1R ve DA resept\u00f6rlerini mod\u00fcle etmek i\u00e7in sistematik bir yakla\u015f\u0131m kulland\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pozitron emisyon tomografisi arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla hayvanlar\u0131n beyinlerinde ka\u00e7 resept\u00f6r\u00fcn ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu ya da bloke edildi\u011fi belirlendi. Bunu takiben, maymunlara bir \u00f6d\u00fcl kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bitirmeleri gereken g\u00f6revler verildi. Bu, g\u00f6revleri kabul edip etmediklerini ve sinyallere h\u0131zl\u0131 yan\u0131t verip vermediklerini belirlemeyi i\u00e7eriyordu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

DA'n\u0131n motivasyondaki rol\u00fcn\u00fc derinlemesine anlamak i\u00e7in, DA'n\u0131n DA resept\u00f6rleri \u00fczerindeki etkisinin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmlerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, fayda ve maliyet a\u015famalar\u0131nda DA modellerini izlemek \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bir ki\u015finin karar verme mekanizmas\u0131 ve motivasyonu, \u00f6d\u00fcl ve \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fc elde etmenin maliyeti aras\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fimden etkilenir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Genel olarak insanlar\u0131n ve hayvanlar\u0131n anl\u0131k, nispeten k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6d\u00fclleri zaman alan daha b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6d\u00fcllere tercih etti\u011fine inan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

DA'n\u0131n D1R ve D2R arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla iletilmesi yoluyla, maliyete dayal\u0131 motivasyon, mevcut \u00f6d\u00fcle ve belirli bir g\u00f6rev i\u00e7in katlan\u0131lan maliyetlere (\u00e7abalara) ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak farkl\u0131 \u015fekilde kontrol edilir. \u00d6te yandan, i\u015f y\u00fck\u00fc telafisi, gerekli \u00e7abaya g\u00f6re \u00f6d\u00fclleri \u00f6l\u00e7eklendirdi\u011fi i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikle D2R manip\u00fclasyonuyla ilgiliydi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Birbirini tamamlay\u0131c\u0131 roller oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tespit ettikleri iki dopamin resept\u00f6r alt tipinin etkile\u015fimlerine dikkat ederek psikiyatrik bozukluklar\u0131n patofizyolojisini belirlemeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilirler. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Onlar\u0131nki gibi ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, i\u00e7sel \u00f6d\u00fcl sistemlerini manip\u00fcle ederek bir\u00e7ok insan\u0131n motivasyon seviyelerini art\u0131rma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu konuda daha fazla bilgi edinmek i\u00e7in l\u00fctfen a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da verilen referansa bak\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hori, Yukiko ve di\u011ferleri. \"D1 ve D2 benzeri resept\u00f6rler, dopaminerjik iletimin maymunlarda maliyet\/fayda de\u011ferlendirmesi ve motivasyon \u00fczerindeki etkilerine farkl\u0131 \u015fekilde arac\u0131l\u0131k eder.\" bioRxiv (2021): 2020-11. DOI: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pbio.3<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00d6d\u00fcl Sistemi \u0130\u00e7sel motivasyon stratejisi, bir hedefe ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in ne kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00e7aba g\u00f6sterdi\u011fimizi kontrol eder. As\u0131l soru \u015fudur: G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fte \u00f6nemsiz olsa da herhangi bir hedef i\u00e7in elimizden gelen \u00e7abay\u0131 g\u00f6stermemiz i\u00e7in bizi motive eden nedir? Beynimiz bizi bir motivasyon stratejisi olarak bir \u00f6d\u00fcle mi \u00e7ekmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":14787,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[554],"yoast_head":"\nMotivational Tactics: The Math Behind the Reward System - MTG<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Is it our brain trying to lure us into a reward as a motivation strategy that will propel us forward? Have you ever thought about that? 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