{"id":12100,"date":"2020-12-30T09:30:00","date_gmt":"2020-12-30T11:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/?p=12100"},"modified":"2023-01-05T15:13:37","modified_gmt":"2023-01-05T18:13:37","slug":"nerve-impulse-the-synapse","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/tr\/sinir-durtusu-sinaps\/","title":{"rendered":"Sinir \u0130mpulsu B\u00d6L\u00dcM 2 - Sinaps"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u00fcm sinir sistemi aksiyon potansiyelleri <\/strong>ve sinapslar<\/strong> v\u00fccut boyunca bilgi iletmek i\u00e7in. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00f6ronlar, bir hedef h\u00fccreye ula\u015fan iyi tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f bir yolu izleyerek elektrik veya kimyasal sinyalleri ba\u015fka bir n\u00f6rona iletme konusunda uzmanla\u015fm\u0131\u015f h\u00fccrelerdir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu makale, bu \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 ve karma\u015f\u0131k sistemin v\u00fccudumuzdaki neredeyse her \u015feyi nas\u0131l y\u00f6netebildi\u011fini tart\u0131\u015fan iki b\u00f6l\u00fcmden ikincisidir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eimdi sinaps yar\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 - iki n\u00f6ron aras\u0131ndaki bo\u015fluk, sinir impulsunun yeniden iletilmesinden de sorumlu olan ba\u015fka bir b\u00f6lge - tart\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130sim <\/em>sinaps<\/em><\/strong> <\/em>Yunanca k\u00f6kenli sinapsis<\/em>Bu da demek oluyor ki \"ba\u011fla\u00e7\"<\/em><\/strong>. Tarih boyunca bilim insanlar\u0131, do\u011fay\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klayabilecek bir terim bulmakta zorluk \u00e7ekmi\u015flerdir. \"<\/em>iki ayr\u0131 unsurun birle\u015fimi<\/em><\/strong>\"<\/em>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Baz\u0131 eski makale yay\u0131nlar\u0131nda sinapstan \u015fu \u015fekilde de bahsedilirdi kav\u015faklar<\/em><\/strong>. Bug\u00fcn sinaps<\/em><\/strong> sinaps yar\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bir sinyalin ba\u015fka bir n\u00f6rona tekrar iletilmesinden sorumlu yap\u0131ya verilen ve kullan\u0131lan isimdir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcm sinaps eylemi, yan yana iki farkl\u0131 h\u00fccre aras\u0131ndaki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir yer olan sinaptik klefte ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. sinaptik \u00f6ncesi<\/strong> h\u00fccre ve pos-sinaptik h\u00fccre. <\/strong>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7o\u011fu zaman iki n\u00f6ron, bir n\u00f6ronun (pre-sinaptik n\u00f6ron, sinyali ileten n\u00f6ron) akson terminali arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla bir sonraki n\u00f6ronun (pos-sinaptik n\u00f6ron) dendritine ba\u011flan\u0131r; bu n\u00f6ron ya hedef h\u00fccre ya da sinyali iletmek i\u00e7in s\u0131radaki n\u00f6ron olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00fccreler aras\u0131ndaki bo\u015flukta - sinaps yar\u0131\u011f\u0131 - ayn\u0131 anda \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarda bilgi devam eder, bu bilgi ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00fcretimini kontrol etmekten b\u00fcy\u00fck bir molek\u00fcler makine sorumludur, bu molek\u00fcllere n\u00f6rotransmitter denir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ancak n\u00f6ronlar t\u00fcm i\u015fi tek ba\u015flar\u0131na yapmazlar, yanlar\u0131nda n\u00f6rotransmitterlerin d\u00fczenlenmesini destekleme rol\u00fcne sahip belirli bir h\u00fccre t\u00fcr\u00fc vard\u0131r. Bu h\u00fccreler astrositler<\/strong>Glial h\u00fccrelerin bir t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glias<\/strong> n\u00f6ronal olmayan h\u00fccreler olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rlar - herhangi bir sinir impulsu veya sinyali ta\u015f\u0131maz veya \u00fcretmezler. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu h\u00fccreler, 7\/24 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir asistan gibi, n\u00f6ronlar\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131yla ilgili pek \u00e7ok sorumlulu\u011fa sahiptir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Merkezi ve periferik sinir sistemlerinin her yerinde bulunurlar. Genel olarak destek ve koruma sa\u011flarlar ve n\u00f6ronlar\u0131 besinlerle beslerler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Daha \u00f6nce de belirtildi\u011fi gibi, n\u00f6ronlar elektriksel veya kimyasal sinyalleri iletmekten sorumlu \u00f6zelle\u015fmi\u015f h\u00fccrelerdir. Bu sinyallerin her birinin sinyali iletmek i\u00e7in bir y\u00f6ntemi vard\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kimyasal sinapsta yer alan pre-sinaptik n\u00f6ron, sadece n\u00f6ronlara de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda kaslara ve bezlere de bilgi iletebilir; bu, n\u00f6ron boyunca ilerleyen aksiyon potansiyeli arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir, akson terminaline ula\u015f\u0131r ve ard\u0131ndan sinyali voltaj kap\u0131l\u0131 kalsiyum kanallar\u0131na iletir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depolarizasyon, kalsiyumun (Ca+2) n\u00f6ronun i\u00e7ine girmesi i\u00e7in bu kanallar\u0131 aktif hale getirir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00fccre i\u00e7ine kalsiyum ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 sinaptik vezik\u00fcle bir sinyal verir ve bu da sinaptik yar\u0131kta n\u00f6rotransmitterleri serbest b\u0131rak\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sinaptik yar\u0131\u011fa girdikten sonra, bu n\u00f6rotransmitterler pos-sinaptik n\u00f6ronun n\u00f6rotransmitter resept\u00f6rlerine do\u011fru gider. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00f6ylece, sinir impulsu devam eder, dendritlerde s\u00fcre\u00e7 tekrarlan\u0131r, sonra \u00e7ekirdek, aksiyon potansiyelinin ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 akson'a gider. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sinir impulsu hedef h\u00fccreye ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, pos-sinaptik n\u00f6ronda iki t\u00fcr yan\u0131t olu\u015fabilir - ya uyar\u0131c\u0131 bir yan\u0131t ya da engelleyici bir yan\u0131t.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Di\u011feri, elektriksel sinaps, kimyasal sinapsa k\u0131yasla \u00e7ok daha h\u0131zl\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc sinyal iletimi i\u00e7in daha az ad\u0131mdan olu\u015fur. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki kanallar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla iletilir bo\u015fluk ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131<\/strong>her iki h\u00fccrede de bulunur ve pre-sinaptik ile pos-sinaptik n\u00f6ronlar\u0131 birbirine ba\u011flar.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu kanallar, n\u00f6rotransmitterler olmadan elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 yeniden iletme yetene\u011fine sahiptir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130lgin\u00e7 bir \u015fekilde, sinaps s\u00fcrecinin akson terminali ve dendritler gibi her seferinde ayn\u0131 n\u00f6ron par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131 birbirine ba\u011flamas\u0131 gerekmez. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sinir uyar\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 iletmek i\u00e7in bundan daha fazla d\u00fczenleme vard\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sinaptik \u00f6ncesi h\u00fccrelerden gelen akson terminalleri do\u011frudan kan dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131na, n\u00f6ron aksonuna veya hatta ba\u015fka bir akson terminaline ba\u011flanabilir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ayr\u0131ca bir n\u00f6ron dendrit omurgas\u0131 ile ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olabilirler veya hatta h\u00fccre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ortamda n\u00f6rotransmitterleri serbest b\u0131rakmak i\u00e7in bir ba\u011flant\u0131ya sahip olmayabilirler. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ta\u015f\u0131nan bilginin t\u00fcr\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak, bir t\u00fcr n\u00f6rotransmitter sal\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r, bunlar uyar\u0131c\u0131 veya engelleyici etkiye sahip glutamaterjik, GABAerjik, kolinerjik, adrenerjik gruptan olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00f6rotransmitterlerin d\u00fczenlenmesi v\u00fccudumuzun \u00e7ok hassas bir sistemidir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bir\u00e7ok bilim insan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, d\u00fczensiz bir n\u00f6rotransmitterin ruhsal hastal\u0131klar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra ruh hali, mizah, uyku, i\u015ftah, v\u00fccut \u0131s\u0131s\u0131, korku gibi beyindeki tek bir aktiviteyi de\u011fil, bir\u00e7ok aktiviteyi etkileyebilece\u011fini g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6rne\u011fin, bug\u00fcn tedavisi olmayan hastal\u0131klar olarak bilinen Parkinson Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u015fizofreni, n\u00f6rotransmitter dopaminin i\u015flev bozuklu\u011fuyla ili\u015fkilidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Genel olarak, sinir impulsu ileti\u015fim kurmaktan ve v\u00fccuttaki t\u00fcm bilgileri ta\u015f\u0131maktan sorumludur. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir sorun ya da d\u00fczensizlik b\u00fcy\u00fck sonu\u00e7lara ve hastal\u0131klara neden olabilir. Bilim insanlar\u0131 bu karma\u015f\u0131k a\u011f\u0131 tam olarak anlamak i\u00e7in hala cevaplara ula\u015fmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

____<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu makaledeki infografi\u011fi be\u011fendiniz mi? Siz de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131zda kullanabilirsiniz, buraya t\u0131klay\u0131n<\/a> ve Mind the Graph kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in mevcut t\u00fcm \u015fablonlar\u0131 g\u00f6receksiniz. S\u0131f\u0131rdan ba\u015flaman\u0131za gerek yok. Ya da olu\u015fturmaya ba\u015flayabilirsiniz Hemen \u015fimdi.<\/a>kullanarak n\u00f6roloji<\/a> galeri ve daha fazla<\/a>!<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u00fcm sinir sistemi, v\u00fccut boyunca bilgi iletmek i\u00e7in aksiyon potansiyellerine ve sinapslara dayan\u0131r. N\u00f6ronlar, bir hedef h\u00fccreye ula\u015fan iyi tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f bir yolu izleyerek elektriksel veya kimyasal sinyalleri ba\u015fka bir n\u00f6rona iletme konusunda uzmanla\u015fm\u0131\u015f h\u00fccrelerdir. Bu makale, bu \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 ve karma\u015f\u0131k sistemin nas\u0131l i\u015fledi\u011fini tart\u0131\u015fan iki b\u00f6l\u00fcmden ikincisidir [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":12102,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[812],"yoast_head":"\nNerve Impulse PART 2 \u2013 The Synapse - MTG<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Nerve Impulse PART 2 \u2013 The Synapse. Read this blog to know more about how nerve impulses take place. 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He has a Ph.D. and solid scientific background in Psychopharmacology and experience as a Guest Researcher at the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry (Germany) and Researcher in D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR, Brazil). Fabricio holds over 2500 citations in Google Scholar. He has 10 years of experience in small innovative businesses, with relevant experience in product design and innovation management. 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