{"id":12051,"date":"2020-12-23T11:11:39","date_gmt":"2020-12-23T13:11:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/?p=12051"},"modified":"2023-01-05T14:32:04","modified_gmt":"2023-01-05T17:32:04","slug":"nerve-impulses-the-action-potential","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/tr\/sinir-durtuleri-eylem-potansiyeli\/","title":{"rendered":"Sinir \u0130mpulslar\u0131 B\u00d6L\u00dcM 1 - Aksiyon Potansiyeli"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bir n\u00f6ronun nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlamak i\u00e7in bakmam\u0131z gereken iki kavram vard\u0131r. Bunlardan ilki bilgi iletilirken n\u00f6ronun i\u00e7inde neler oldu\u011fuyla ilgilidir - aksiyon potansiyeli - ikincisi ise bilginin bir h\u00fccreden di\u011ferine nas\u0131l ge\u00e7ti\u011fiyle ilgilidir - sinaps. Bu iki s\u00fcre\u00e7 sayesinde sinir sistemi h\u00fccreleri en karma\u015f\u0131k bilgileri n\u00f6rondan n\u00f6rona aktararak t\u00fcm v\u00fccut boyunca ta\u015f\u0131yabilir ve sonunda hedef h\u00fccreye ula\u015f\u0131r. Bu makalede, ilk kavram olan sinaps\u0131 tart\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131z. aksiyon potansiyeli<\/strong>.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sinir impulsu elektrokimyasal bir sinyaldir; bir n\u00f6ron i\u00e7inde bilgi ta\u015f\u0131mak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan ana mekanizmad\u0131r. Baz\u0131 n\u00f6ronlar\u0131n dendritleri bir \u00f6nceki h\u00fccreden gelen impulsu alg\u0131lar ve al\u0131r, sinir impulsu n\u00f6rondan n\u00f6rona do\u011fru ilerler. dendritler <\/strong>i\u00e7in \u00e7ekirdek <\/strong>daha \u00e7ok AKSON<\/strong>ve son olarak da akson terminali<\/strong> impuls bir sonraki n\u00f6rona ge\u00e7ti\u011finde. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 devam eder <\/strong>Hedef h\u00fccreye ula\u015fana kadar tekrar tekrar.<\/p>\n\n\n

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Elektrokimyasal sinyal, iyonlar\u0131n n\u00f6ron plazma membran\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f k\u0131sm\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki hareketi nedeniyle \u00fcretilir. \u0130yonlar d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan i\u00e7eriye do\u011fru hareket ederek zarda bir potansiyel fark\u0131 olu\u015fturur. Bu iyonlar\u0131n h\u00fccre i\u00e7ine girmek i\u00e7in kulland\u0131klar\u0131 \"k\u00f6pr\u00fc\" transmembran proteini olan voltaj kap\u0131l\u0131 iyon kanallar\u0131<\/strong>.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu voltaj kanallar\u0131, elektriksel uyaranlara bir yan\u0131t bi\u00e7imi olarak elektrik voltajlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kontrol edilir, ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle, bu kanallar iyonlar\u0131n ge\u00e7i\u015fine her zaman a\u00e7\u0131k de\u011fildir, sadece baz\u0131 elektrik voltaj\u0131 uyaranlar\u0131 \u00fczerinde a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r ve kapan\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n\n\n

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H\u00fccre uyaran alt\u0131nda de\u011filken, membran dinlenme halindeyken, bir n\u00f6ronun i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f k\u0131sm\u0131 aras\u0131nda potansiyel bir fark korunur. Dinlenme halindeyken, zar -70mV'luk bir potansiyele, yani negatif bir potansiyele sahipken, d\u0131\u015f k\u0131s\u0131m pozitif bir potansiyele sahiptir. Bu potansiyel fark\u0131na \u015fu ad verilir dinlenme membran potansiyeli, <\/strong>ve \u00e7o\u011funlukla sodyum potasyum pompas\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla sodyum ve potasyum iyonlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan korunur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elektrik voltaj\u0131 uyar\u0131lar\u0131 alt\u0131nda, membran potansiyel fark\u0131 kendi kendini tersine \u00e7evirmeye ba\u015flar, sodyum kanallar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r ve bir\u00e7ok sodyum iyonunun h\u00fccre i\u00e7ine girmesine izin vererek membran\u0131 anl\u0131k olarak d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcr depolarize<\/strong>ya da daha iyisi, sodyum iyonlar\u0131 membran\u0131n i\u00e7 b\u00f6lgesini pozitif bir a\u011fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcr. Bu depolarizasyon hareketi \u00fcnl\u00fc aksiyon potansiyeli<\/strong>membran potansiyeli h\u0131zla y\u00fckselir ve d\u00fc\u015fer. Potansiyel 2milisaniyeden biraz daha fazla bir s\u00fcrede +40mV'a y\u00fckselir ve 3milisaniyeden daha k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcrede dinlenme durumuna geri d\u00f6ner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aksiyon potansiyeli t\u00fcm n\u00f6ronda bir anda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmez, zar\u0131n depolarizasyonu dendritlerde ba\u015flar ve daha sonra par\u00e7a par\u00e7a \u00e7ekirde\u011fe gider, depolarize olur ve k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra dinlenme durumu potansiyeline geri d\u00f6ner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dinlenme membran potansiyelini yeniden sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in sodyum kanallar\u0131 kapan\u0131r ve voltaj kap\u0131l\u0131 potasyum kanallar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r, potasyum iyonlar\u0131n\u0131n h\u00fccre i\u00e7ine girmesine izin verir, membran\u0131 yeniden polarize eder, membran\u0131n i\u00e7 b\u00f6lgesini tekrar negatif y\u00fckl\u00fc hale getirir ve d\u0131\u015f b\u00f6lgeyi pozitif hale getirir. Sodyum potasyum pompas\u0131, her iki potasyum iyonuna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k \u00fc\u00e7 sodyum iyonunu d\u0131\u015far\u0131 b\u0131rakarak h\u00fccre i\u00e7indeki her bir iyonun do\u011fru miktar\u0131n\u0131 geri kazanmaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bunu, aksiyon potansiyeli tepkisi an\u0131ndan dinlenme durumuna geri d\u00f6nme an\u0131na kadar senkronize bir hareket gibi hayal edebiliriz.<\/p>\n\n\n

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\u0130lgin\u00e7 bir \u015fekilde, aksonda sinir impulsunu \u00fcreten ve yayan voltaj kap\u0131l\u0131 iyon kanallar\u0131na sahipken, dendritlerde bu kanallar mevcut de\u011fildir. Bu n\u00f6ron b\u00f6lgelerinde sinyal aksiyon potansiyeli ile de\u011fil, bir dereceli potansiyel, <\/strong>a <\/strong>Akson \u00fczerinde aksiyon potansiyeline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fene kadar sinyal \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finin yol boyunca artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 farkl\u0131 sinyal yay\u0131l\u0131m bi\u00e7imi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sodyum iyonunun aksiyon potansiyelini yaymaktan, potasyumun ise dinlenme durumunu yeniden tesis etmekten sorumlu oldu\u011funu unutmay\u0131n. Organizmada bu iyonlar\u0131n eksikli\u011fi, aksiyon potansiyelinin kalitesinde ve verimlili\u011finde sorunlara, yani sinapslarda ve bilginin sinir sisteminden ge\u00e7i\u015finde sorunlara neden olabilir. T\u00fcm bu sorunlar ruh sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 komplikasyonlar\u0131n\u0131 ve hastal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 tetikleyebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u0131radaki ad\u0131m, sinir impulsunun bir sonraki n\u00f6rona ge\u00e7i\u015fi olacakt\u0131r. \u0130ki n\u00f6ron aras\u0131ndaki bo\u015flukta, sinaptik yar\u0131kta farkl\u0131 bir \u015fey olur. Sinaptik yar\u0131k, bak\u0131lmas\u0131 ve incelenmesi gereken \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir yerdir, bir\u00e7ok farkl\u0131 n\u00f6rotransmitterin harekete ge\u00e7ti\u011fi, resept\u00f6rleri, di\u011fer proteinleri ve sodyum ve potasyumun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra iyonlar\u0131 kullanarak yeni bir sinyal yolunu aktive etti\u011fi yerdir. Ancak bunu makaledeki bir sonraki tart\u0131\u015fmaya b\u0131rakaca\u011f\u0131z Sinir \u0130mpulsu B\u00d6L\u00dcM 2 - Sinaptik yar\u0131k<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu makaledeki infografikleri be\u011fendiniz mi? Siz de Mind the Graph'yi kullanabilir ve bunun gibi bilgilendirici resimler yapabilirsiniz. At almak Mind the Graph<\/a> ve bir g\u00f6z at\u0131n i\u0307ll\u00fcstrasyon galeri\u0307si\u0307<\/a>, orada mevcut n\u00f6roloji<\/a> ve B\u0130YOK\u0130MYA<\/a> ill\u00fcstrasyonlar, ve herhangi bir yard\u0131ma ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131z olursa l\u00fctfen Bize ula\u015f\u0131n<\/a>!<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bir n\u00f6ronun nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlamak i\u00e7in bakmam\u0131z gereken iki kavram vard\u0131r. Bunlardan ilki, bilgi iletilirken n\u00f6ronun i\u00e7inde neler oldu\u011fuyla ilgilidir - aksiyon potansiyeli - ikincisi ise bir bilginin bir h\u00fccreden di\u011ferine nas\u0131l atlad\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r - [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":12055,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959],"tags":[812,813],"yoast_head":"\nNerve Impulses PART 1 \u2013 The Action Potential - MTG<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"It's a deep dive into nerve impulses. 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He has a Ph.D. and solid scientific background in Psychopharmacology and experience as a Guest Researcher at the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry (Germany) and Researcher in D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR, Brazil). Fabricio holds over 2500 citations in Google Scholar. He has 10 years of experience in small innovative businesses, with relevant experience in product design and innovation management. 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