{"id":11852,"date":"2020-11-02T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-11-02T11:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/?p=11852"},"modified":"2023-05-22T11:05:20","modified_gmt":"2023-05-22T14:05:20","slug":"nobel-prize-the-first-black-hole-picture","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/tr\/nobel-odulu-ilk-kara-delik-resmi\/","title":{"rendered":"Nobel \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc ve \u0130lk Kara Delik Resmi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Bilim insan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlanan ilk kara delik foto\u011fraf\u0131 hakk\u0131ndaki haberleri muhtemelen duymu\u015fsunuzdur. Bu resim sadece astronomi alan\u0131 i\u00e7in de\u011fil t\u00fcm d\u00fcnya i\u00e7in \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 bir haberdi. Bu resim yeni bir bilgi kap\u0131s\u0131na do\u011fru at\u0131lan ilk ad\u0131md\u0131. Evren her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn yeni bilgilerle daha da ayd\u0131nlan\u0131yor ve bu sayede gezegenimizin \u00f6tesindeki t\u00fcm gizemleri daha iyi anlayabiliyoruz.<\/p>\n<p>Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz g\u00fcnlerde on iki \u00f6d\u00fcl sahibinin 2020 Nobel \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc'ne lay\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve her birinin ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve ke\u015fifleriyle insanl\u0131\u011fa nas\u0131l \u00f6nemli katk\u0131larda bulundu\u011funu g\u00f6rd\u00fck. Hepsi harika ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar ve burada her biri hakk\u0131nda konu\u015fmay\u0131 \u00e7ok isterdik, ancak bug\u00fcn ilk kara delik resminin ba\u011flam\u0131n\u0131 daha iyi a\u00e7\u0131klamak ve anlamak i\u00e7in Nobel Fizik \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc sahipleri Roger Penrose, Reinhard Genzel ve Andrea Ghez'in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndan bahsedece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n<p>Nobel \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc'n\u00fcn resmi internet sitesine g\u00f6re, \u00f6d\u00fcl sahipleri \"kara delik olu\u015fumunun genel g\u00f6relilik kuram\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flam bir \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcs\u00fc oldu\u011funu ke\u015ffettikleri i\u00e7in\" ve \"galaksimizin merkezinde s\u00fcper k\u00fctleli kompakt bir cisim ke\u015ffettikleri i\u00e7in\" \u00f6d\u00fcle lay\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fcler. Penrose etkileyici matematiksel y\u00f6ntemlerle kara deliklerin Einstein'\u0131n g\u00f6relilik teorisiyle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011funu kan\u0131tlarken, Reinhard Genzel ve Andrea Ghez'in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 Samanyolu galaksimizin merkezinde bug\u00fcn Sagittarius A* ad\u0131yla bilinen bir kara delik oldu\u011funu reddedilemez bir \u015fekilde kan\u0131tlad\u0131.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/nobel-prize-2020-in-physics.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-11853 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/nobel-prize-2020-in-physics.png\" alt=\"Nobel Fizik \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc 2020\" width=\"601\" height=\"389\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/nobel-prize-2020-in-physics.png 601w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/nobel-prize-2020-in-physics-300x194.png 300w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/nobel-prize-2020-in-physics-350x228.png 350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 601px) 100vw, 601px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Konuyu tam olarak anlayabilmemiz i\u00e7in kara delikler hakk\u0131nda birka\u00e7 temel kavram\u0131 bilmemiz gerekiyor: \"Kara delik nedir?\"; \"Nas\u0131l olu\u015furlar? Nerede bulabiliriz?\"<\/p>\n<p>Bilmemiz gereken ilk \u015fey, astronomi alan\u0131ndaki bir\u00e7ok konuda \u00e7ok kullan\u0131lan bir kavram olan uzayzaman\u0131n ne oldu\u011fudur. Uzayzaman, \u00fc\u00e7 boyutu uzay ve bir boyutu zaman olan d\u00f6rt boyutlu bir manifolddur, bir koordinat sisteminde (x,y,z,t)'ye sahip oluruz. \u0130lgin\u00e7 bir ger\u00e7ek de bu koordinat sistemindeki tek bir noktaya olay denmesidir. Bununla birlikte, bir kara deli\u011fin tan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 elde edebiliriz.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kara Delik bir uzay-zaman b\u00f6lgesidir<\/strong> Yer\u00e7ekimi o kadar ama o kadar g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcd\u00fcr ki, herhangi bir gaz, toz, par\u00e7ac\u0131k ve hatta \u0131\u015f\u0131k bile ondan kurtulamaz! Hepsi k\u00fctle\u00e7ekim kuvvetiyle kara deli\u011fin i\u00e7ine do\u011fru g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u015fekilde \u00e7ekiliyor ve bilim insanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in bug\u00fcn bile bilinmeyen bir yere giderek yok oluyorlar. \u0130\u015fin ilgin\u00e7 yan\u0131, e\u011fer \u0131\u015f\u0131k bile bu kuvvetten kurtulam\u0131yorsa, bir kara deli\u011fi g\u00f6rmek, hatta nerede oldu\u011funu bilmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Siyah bir arka planda siyah bir nesneyi g\u00f6rmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak gibi, g\u00f6remezsiniz ya da g\u00f6rseniz bile \u00e7ok zordur. Peki, bilim insanlar\u0131 bunu nas\u0131l yap\u0131yor?<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/black-hole-prizes.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-11854 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/black-hole-prizes.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"699\" height=\"525\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/black-hole-prizes.png 699w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/black-hole-prizes-300x225.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 699px) 100vw, 699px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Teorik olarak, kara delikler genellikle g\u00fcne\u015ften \u00e7ok daha a\u011f\u0131r olan \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn sonunda \u00e7\u00f6kmesiyle olu\u015fur. K\u00fctle, \u00f6l\u00fc y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n bir kara deli\u011fe mi yoksa bir n\u00f6tron y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131na m\u0131 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fece\u011fine karar vermek i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir fakt\u00f6rd\u00fcr. Bu s\u00fcper k\u00fctleli y\u0131ld\u0131z yer\u00e7ekimi nedeniyle \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir alana s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131r ve genel g\u00f6relilik teorisine g\u00f6re bu kompakt k\u00fctle uzay-zaman\u0131 deforme edebilecek bir kara delik olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n<p>Bu uzay-zaman deformasyonu, yo\u011fun k\u00fctleli cismin merkezine do\u011fru bir \u00e7ekim ivmesi kuvveti yarat\u0131r. Bu kuvvet nedeniyle kara deli\u011fin yak\u0131n\u0131ndaki gaz ve par\u00e7ac\u0131klar d\u00f6nme h\u0131z\u0131 kazanmaya ba\u015flar ve zorla kara deli\u011fin i\u00e7ine \u00e7ekilir. Bu fenomene karadeli\u011fin <strong>Y\u0131\u011f\u0131lma diski<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Bu yer\u00e7ekimi ve s\u00fcrt\u00fcnme kuvveti, elektrik y\u00fckl\u00fc t\u00fcm gaz ve par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n sadece s\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131na de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda k\u0131z\u0131l\u00f6tesi veya X-\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 gibi farkl\u0131 frekanslarda elektromanyetik bir radyasyon \u00fcretmesine neden olur. Bu \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6zellik sayesinde bir kara delik \"g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir\". Bu iyi bir \u015fey ama bilim insan\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fini y\u00fczde 100 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131yor, takip edebilece\u011finiz bir frekansa sahipsiniz ama yine de \"oh bak\u0131n, g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcnde bir kara delik var\" diyemiyorsunuz. Kara deli\u011fin \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 normal bir y\u0131ld\u0131zla bir tutamay\u0131z; birbirlerinden \u00e7ok farkl\u0131lar. Ama iyi haber \u015fu ki, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7taki siyah nesne \u015fimdi siyah arka planda hafif\u00e7e ayd\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f durumda.<\/p>\n<p>Kara deli\u011fin ilk resminde y\u0131\u011f\u0131lma diskini g\u00f6rebiliyoruz. Bu durumda kara delik G\u00fcne\u015fimizden 6,5 milyon kat daha a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131r ve d\u00fcnyadan 53 milyon \u0131\u015f\u0131k y\u0131l\u0131 uzakl\u0131ktaki Messier 87 galaksisinde yer almaktad\u0131r. Bu g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc, d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda sekiz farkl\u0131 teleskop, Event Horizon Teleskobu ve di\u011fer baz\u0131 uzay teleskopu misyonlar\u0131n\u0131n Nisan 2017'de M87'den ayn\u0131 anda yakalad\u0131klar\u0131 verilerle m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu. Her biri kara delikten farkl\u0131 bir veri yakalad\u0131 ve daha sonra hepsi bir araya getirilerek g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc olu\u015fturuldu. Kula\u011fa kolay ve tek ad\u0131ml\u0131k bir i\u015f gibi gelebilir ancak bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm verileri ve bunlarla nas\u0131l ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kacaklar\u0131n\u0131, hangi algoritmay\u0131 kullanacaklar\u0131n\u0131 ve nas\u0131l kullanacaklar\u0131n\u0131 tam olarak anlamak i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 gerekti.<\/p>\n<p>Genzel 1997'de yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir makalede, 1992'den 1996'ya kadar be\u015f farkl\u0131 y\u0131ldan toplanan verilerin Sgr A*'n\u0131n hemen yak\u0131n\u0131nda h\u0131zl\u0131 hareket eden y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131 yakalad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bu y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n ortas\u0131nda \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck ve a\u011f\u0131r bir karanl\u0131k k\u00fctlenin bulundu\u011funu g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Makalede \"Bu yo\u011funlukta normal y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n, y\u0131ld\u0131z kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ya da y\u0131ld\u0131zalt\u0131 olu\u015fumlar\u0131n kararl\u0131 bir konfig\u00fcrasyonu yoktur\" denmektedir (GENZEL ve ark., 1997). Sonu\u00e7 olarak, \"Samanyolu'nun \u00e7ekirde\u011finde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kara delik olmal\u0131\".<\/p>\n<p>Ghez taraf\u0131ndan 1998 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanan bir ba\u015fka makalede, iki y\u0131l s\u00fcren bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma sonucunda ayn\u0131 yerde ayn\u0131 hareket ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7lar\u0131 tespit edilmi\u015f, makalede de belirtildi\u011fi gibi \"hem y\u0131ld\u0131z y\u00fczey yo\u011funlu\u011funun hem de h\u0131z da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n tepe noktalar\u0131, kara delik aday\u0131 (o zamanlar hala aday) Sgr A*'n\u0131n konumuyla tutarl\u0131d\u0131r\" (GHEZ vd., 1998). \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmada kullan\u0131lan g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler, y\u0131\u011f\u0131lma diski taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131lan frekans t\u00fcr\u00fc olan yak\u0131n k\u0131z\u0131l\u00f6tesi dalga boylar\u0131 ile elde edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130\u015fte bu makalelerin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u0131sa bir liste:<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">GENZEL, R. ve di\u011ferleri. Samanyolu'nun merkezindeki karanl\u0131k k\u00fctlenin do\u011fas\u0131 \u00fczerine. <\/span><b>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, v. 291, n. 1, p. 219-234, 11 out. 1997.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">GHEZ, A. M. ve di\u011ferleri. Sagittarius A\\ast'\u0131n \u00c7evresindeki Y\u00fcksek Uygun Hareketli Y\u0131ld\u0131zlar: Galaksimizin Merkezinde S\u00fcper K\u00fctleli Bir Kara Deli\u011fin Kan\u0131t\u0131. <\/span><b>The Astrophysical Journal<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, v. 509, n. 2, p. 678-686, dez. 1998.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">GHEZ, A. M. ve di\u011ferleri. Samanyolu'nun Merkezi S\u00fcper K\u00fctleli Kara Deli\u011finin Uzakl\u0131k ve \u00d6zelliklerinin Y\u0131ld\u0131z Y\u00f6r\u00fcngeleri ile \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fclmesi. <\/span><b>The Astrophysical Journal<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, v. 689, n. 2, p. 1044-1062, dez. 2008.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/planetary-system.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-11855 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/planetary-system.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"711\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/planetary-system.png 711w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/planetary-system-300x225.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 711px) 100vw, 711px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Evren ne kadar g\u00fczel de\u011fil mi?<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcm bunlar zaten inan\u0131lmaz, ancak Nobel Fizik Komitesi Ba\u015fkan\u0131 David Haviland'\u0131n dedi\u011fi gibi, daha gelecek \u00e7ok \u015fey var \"...bu egzotik nesneler hala cevap bekleyen ve gelecekteki ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 motive eden bir\u00e7ok soru ortaya koyuyor. Sadece i\u00e7 yap\u0131lar\u0131yla ilgili sorular de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda bir kara deli\u011fin yak\u0131n \u00e7evresindeki a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda yer\u00e7ekimi teorimizi nas\u0131l test edece\u011fimizle ilgili sorular da var\". Ve biz burada olaca\u011f\u0131z, bir sonraki molay\u0131 d\u00f6rt g\u00f6zle bekliyoruz! Bu arada, bu y\u0131l\u0131n \u00f6d\u00fcl sahiplerine te\u015fekk\u00fcr ediyoruz <strong>Roger Penrose, Reinhard Genzel<\/strong> ve <strong>Andrea Ghez<\/strong>Sen harikas\u0131n!<\/p>\n<p>Roger Penrose'un \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda da bir \u015feyler okumak isterseniz, burada onun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 anlatan birka\u00e7 makale bulabilirsiniz. Bunlardan bir tanesi efsanevi <a href=\"https:\/\/aapt.scitation.org\/author\/Hawking%2C+Stephen\">Stephen Hawking<\/a>. Bu makalelere buradan da g\u00f6z atabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n<p>HAWKING, S.; PENROSE, R. Uzay ve Zaman\u0131n Do\u011fas\u0131. <strong>Amerikan Fizik Dergisi<\/strong>, v. 65, n. 7, p. 676-676, 1 jul. 1997.<\/p>\n<p>EHLERS, J.; RINDLER, W.; PENROSE, R. Relativistik Mekani\u011fin Temeli Olarak Enerji Korunumu. II. American Journal of Physics, v. 33, n. 12, p. 995-997, 1 dez. 1965.<\/p>\n<p>NEWMAN, E.; PENROSE, R. Spin Katsay\u0131lar\u0131 Y\u00f6ntemiyle Yer\u00e7ekimsel Radyasyona Bir Yakla\u015f\u0131m. Journal of Mathematical Physics, v. 3, n. 3, p. 566-578, 1 maio 1962.<\/p>\n<p>PENROSE, R.; RINDLER, W. Relativistik Mekani\u011fin Temeli Olarak Enerji Korunumu. American Journal of Physics, v. 33, n. 1, p. 55-59, 1 jan. 1965.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/a-satellite-around-the-globe.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-11856 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/a-satellite-around-the-globe.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"734\" height=\"550\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/a-satellite-around-the-globe.png 734w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/a-satellite-around-the-globe-300x225.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 734px) 100vw, 734px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Herhangi bir astronomi alan\u0131yla ilgili bir projeniz veya sunumunuz varsa, i\u00e7eri\u011finizi daha verimli, \u00f6\u011fretici ve e\u011flenceli hale getirmek i\u00e7in Mind the Graph'yi kullanabilirsiniz! Tema hakk\u0131nda iyi resimler elde etmenin zor oldu\u011funu biliyoruz, bu y\u00fczden size bu konuda yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak i\u00e7in buraday\u0131z, astronomi hakk\u0131ndaki i\u00e7eri\u011fimizi kontrol edebilirsiniz <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/app.mindthegraph.com\/illustrations\/subcategory\/physics-&amp;-astronomy\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">tam burada<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0130htiyac\u0131n\u0131z olan her \u015feyi Mind the Graph'de bulabilirsiniz ve e\u011fer bulamazsan\u0131z, size yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabiliriz!<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gelin bilimde ileti\u015fimi birlikte geli\u015ftirelim! Denemeye haz\u0131r m\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z?<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":11862,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[554,250],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The Nobel Prize and The First Black Hole Picture - Mind the Graph Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Read this blog to know how three scientists are awarded the Nobel Prize 2020 in Physics for their contribution to the Black Hole.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/tr\/nobel-prize-the-first-black-hole-picture\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Nobel Prize and The First Black Hole Picture - 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