{"id":11788,"date":"2020-10-19T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-10-19T11:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/?p=11788"},"modified":"2022-11-21T09:55:34","modified_gmt":"2022-11-21T12:55:34","slug":"crispr-duo-wins-nobel-prize-2020-for-chemistry","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/tr\/crispr-duo-kimya-icin-nobel-odulu-2020yi-kazandi\/","title":{"rendered":"CRISPR DUO G\u00f6steriyi \u00c7al\u0131yor: Nobel Kimya \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc 2020"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hassasiyet bir bilim insan\u0131n\u0131n alametifarikas\u0131d\u0131r. Emmanuelle Charpentier ve Jennifer Doudna, gen teknolojisinde devrim yaratan CRISPR\/Cas9, \"Genetik Makas\" adl\u0131 arac\u0131 ke\u015ffettiler. Hayat\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftiren bu arac\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fcleri Emmanuelle Charpentier ve Jennifer Doudna, 2020 Nobel Kimya \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc'ne lay\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. 2012'deki bulu\u015flar\u0131 kanser ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131, bitki ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 ve kal\u0131tsal hastal\u0131klara \u00e7are bulma gibi \u00f6nemli alanlarda say\u0131s\u0131z ke\u015ffe yol a\u00e7t\u0131. CRISPR\/Cas9 arac\u0131, genetik dizilerin tam yerinde ve daha k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede d\u00fczenlenmesini kolayla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. Ke\u015fifleri, ya\u015fam bilimlerine y\u00f6nelik bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Bu, genetikte canl\u0131lara fayda sa\u011flayacak yeni bir \u00e7a\u011f i\u00e7in bir basamakt\u0131r.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

CRISPR\/Cas9 nedir ve nas\u0131l ke\u015ffedilmi\u015ftir?<\/span><\/h2>\n

CISPR\/CAS9, bir DNA dizisini tam olarak ilgilenilen yerde kesmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan bir gen d\u00fczenleme arac\u0131d\u0131r. CRISPR, K\u00fcmelenmi\u015f D\u00fczenli Aral\u0131kl\u0131 K\u0131sa Palindromik Tekrarlar anlam\u0131na gelir ve Cas9, dizinin kesilmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olan bir enzimdir. CRISPR, n\u00fckleotid tekrarlay\u0131c\u0131lar ve ara par\u00e7alar olmak \u00fczere iki ana \u00f6zelli\u011fe sahiptir. Genellikle CRISPR'de n\u00fckleotid dizileri, sonunda CRISPR RNA (cr RNA) olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan tamamlay\u0131c\u0131 bir RNA'y\u0131 kopyalamak i\u00e7in \u015fablon iplik\u00e7ik gibi hareket eder. Emmanuelle Charpentier ve Jennifer Doudna bu aralay\u0131c\u0131lar ve tekrarlay\u0131c\u0131lar hakk\u0131nda bilgi edinen ilk ki\u015filerdi. Ayr\u0131ca DNA dizisinin kesilmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olan Cas9 enziminin ba\u015fka bir RNA molek\u00fcl\u00fcne ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da ke\u015ffettiler. Bu iki molek\u00fcl, cr RNA ve trans aktive edici cr RNA, Cas9'un \u00e7ift sarmall\u0131 DNA'n\u0131n hedef b\u00f6lgesinde kesim yapmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ke\u015fif, Emmanuelle Charpentier taraf\u0131ndan streptococcus bakterisinin vir\u00fcse kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zlemlerken yap\u0131ld\u0131. Charpentier'in en \u00e7ok ilgisini \u00e7eken \u015fey, bakteride bulunan bir RNA molek\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fcn bakterinin CRISPR'si ile \u00e7ok benzer bir genetik koda sahip olmas\u0131yd\u0131. \u0130ki diziyi analiz ettikten sonra, RNA molek\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fcn CRISPR'\u0131n tekrar eden k\u0131sm\u0131yla e\u015fle\u015fti\u011fi bulundu. Daha ileri ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda, bu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck RNA molek\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fcn Cas9 varl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda RNA dizisini aktive etti\u011fini buldu. RNA dizisi CRISPR dizisinin bir sonucuydu. Bu molek\u00fcl trans aktive edici CRISPR RNA olarak adland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Bir bakteri bir vir\u00fcs taraf\u0131ndan enfekte edildi\u011finde, bakteri viral DNA'y\u0131 bir haf\u0131za olarak CRISPR b\u00f6lgesindeki genomuna ekler. Bu, bakterinin yeni enfeksiyonlara kar\u015f\u0131 korunmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur. Bu CRISPR DNA's\u0131 daha sonra yabanc\u0131 viral DNA'n\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacak viral DNA olu\u015fturmak \u00fczere b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi beklenen CRISPR RNA'y\u0131 yapmak \u00fczere kopyalan\u0131r.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Daha sonra Jennifer Doudna, CRISPR RNA ve Cas9 enzim molek\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc kullanarak bu viral DNA'n\u0131n tan\u0131mlan\u0131p tan\u0131mlanamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 analiz etti. Birka\u00e7 deneyden sonra hala tan\u0131mlayamad\u0131lar ve bir \u015feylerin eksik oldu\u011funu fark ettiler. Bu nedenle, bir sonraki deneylerinde Emmanuelle taraf\u0131ndan ke\u015ffedilen trans aktive edici cr RNA molek\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc de eklediler. \u015ea\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 bir \u015fekilde viral DNA tespit edildi ve yeni bir \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 oldu.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde CRISPR\/Cas9 ya\u015fama yeni bir yakla\u015f\u0131m getirmi\u015ftir. Bilimin \u00e7e\u015fitli alanlar\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu ara\u00e7 t\u0131p bilimlerinde evrimsel olmu\u015ftur. Bug\u00fcn ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 en \u00e7ok etkileyen kal\u0131tsal bozukluklar\u0131 sona erdirmek i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlar. Bu arac\u0131n kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 di\u011fer bir alan da bitkileri enfeksiyona diren\u00e7li hale getirmek i\u00e7in tar\u0131mda, ila\u00e7 geli\u015ftirmede, gen terapisinde ve daha pek \u00e7ok alanda kullan\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu arac\u0131n d\u00fczenleyici ve etik bir \u015fekilde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131yla, insanl\u0131k s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z bir d\u00fcnyay\u0131 deneyimleyebilir.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Referans\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/prizes\/chemistry\/2020\/popular-information\/<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":11824,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[554],"yoast_head":"\nThe CRISPR DUO Steals The Show: Nobel Prize 2020 in Chemistry - Mind the Graph Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In 2020, many discoveries are accoladed with Nobel Prize and CRISPR DUO in Chemistry is one of them. 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