{"id":8936,"date":"2019-05-22T17:56:36","date_gmt":"2019-05-22T20:56:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.mindthegraph.com\/?p=8936"},"modified":"2022-10-18T11:41:07","modified_gmt":"2022-10-18T14:41:07","slug":"ocean-acidification-consequences","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sv_se\/forsurning-av-havet-konsekvenser\/","title":{"rendered":"Konsekvenser av havsf\u00f6rsurning f\u00f6r marina djur"},"content":{"rendered":"

Koldioxid \u00e4r en vanlig gas som finns i atmosf\u00e4ren. Normalt uppr\u00e4tth\u00e5ller jordens kolcykel en naturlig balans av kol i atmosf\u00e4ren, marken och havet genom \"planetens andning\". M\u00e4nskliga aktiviteter som utsl\u00e4pp av fossila br\u00e4nslen bryter dock balansen i kolcykeln och orsakar klimatf\u00f6r\u00e4ndringar, eftersom v\u00e4xthuseffekten \u00f6kar och haven f\u00f6rsuras.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00e5 f\u00f6r att f\u00f6rst\u00e5 konsekvenserna av havsf\u00f6rsurningen m\u00e5ste man f\u00f6rst sammanfatta kolcykeln. Jag skrev om det h\u00e4r1<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e4xthuseffekten till\u00e5ter livet p\u00e5 jorden, genom att f\u00e5nga v\u00e4rmen i atmosf\u00e4ren, v\u00e4rmer planeten. Jag visade hur det fungerar h\u00e4r1<\/sup>. Men trots att det \u00e4r s\u00e5 viktigt har den \u00f6kande koldioxidhalten gjort det till ett problem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Men all \u00f6verfl\u00f6dig koldioxid stannar inte kvar i atmosf\u00e4ren. Forskarna uppskattar att haven absorberar en tredjedel av all koldioxid som produceras av m\u00e4nskliga aktiviteter. Havens upptag av koldioxid fr\u00e5n atmosf\u00e4ren bidrar till att f\u00f6rdr\u00f6ja klimatf\u00f6r\u00e4ndringens omfattning. Denna f\u00f6rdel har dock haft ett pris.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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B\u00f6rja anv\u00e4nda Mind The Graph just nu gratis!<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Koldioxid och havets kemi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e4r CO2 har l\u00f6sts upp i havsvatten reagerar den med vatten (H2O) och bildar kolsyra: H2CO3: CO2 + H2O \u2194 H2CO3. Kolsyra l\u00f6ses snabbt upp och bildar H+-joner (en syra) och bikarbonat, HCO3- (en bas). Havsvatten \u00e4r naturligt m\u00e4ttat med en annan bas, karbonatjon (CO3-2) som fungerar som ett antacida f\u00f6r att neutralisera H+ och bilda mer bikarbonat. Nettoreaktionen ser ut p\u00e5 f\u00f6ljande s\u00e4tt: CO2 + H2O + CO3-2\u2192 2HCO3-<\/p>\n\n\n

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\"f\u00f6rsurning<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Upptaget av koldioxid f\u00f6r\u00e4ndrar i grunden havens kemi genom att utl\u00f6sa reaktioner som g\u00f6r havsvattnet surare, ett fenomen som kallas havsf\u00f6rsurning. Faktum \u00e4r att havet har blivit n\u00e4stan 30 procent surare \u00e4n det var i b\u00f6rjan av den industriella eran. Det \u00e4r en f\u00f6r\u00e4ndring som \u00e4r st\u00f6rre och snabbare \u00e4n vad som kan ses i fossila fynd fr\u00e5n \u00e5tminstone 800 000 \u00e5r tillbaka i tiden, innan ryggradsdjur och v\u00e4xter d\u00f6k upp i det fossila registret.<\/p>\n\n\n

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\"f\u00f6rsurning<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n
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Skapa effektiva vetenskapsfigurer p\u00e5 n\u00e5gra minuter<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Hur kommer havsf\u00f6rsurningen att p\u00e5verka det marina livet, t.ex. fiskar, koraller och skaldjur?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e4r koncentrationen av v\u00e4tejoner \u00f6kar blir vattnet surare. Dessutom minskar m\u00e4ngden karbonatjoner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En del av de extra v\u00e4tejonerna reagerar med karbonatjoner och bildar mer bikarbonat. N\u00e4r m\u00e4ngden karbonat minskar f\u00e5r dessa organismer, t.ex. koraller och musslor, sv\u00e5rare att bygga och underh\u00e5lla sina skal och skelett. \u00d6kad surhet kan till och med leda till att vissa karbonatskal och skelett l\u00f6ses upp. V\u00e4tejoner reagerar med det fasta kalciumkarbonatet och omvandlar det till l\u00f6sligt bikarbonat och kalciumjoner.<\/p>\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Bland den blandning av sm\u00e5 v\u00e4xter och djur som utg\u00f6r plankton lever en liten havssnigel som kallas pteropod. Trots sin ringa storlek \u00e4r pteropoder en viktig f\u00f6dok\u00e4lla f\u00f6r m\u00e5nga arter, d\u00e4ribland fiskar, s\u00e4lar och valar. Men pteropoder har k\u00e4nsliga skal av kalciumkarbonat som \u00e4r s\u00e5rbara f\u00f6r havsf\u00f6rsurning. I en serie experiment placerades pteropodskal i havsvatten med det pH-v\u00e4rde (surhetsgrad) som f\u00f6rv\u00e4ntas i S\u00f6dra ishavet \u00e5r 2100. Inom 48 timmar b\u00f6rjade pteropodskalen l\u00f6sas upp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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F\u00e5 synlighet med Mind The Graph<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Visualisering av din forskning<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Visuella resurser som infografik och videor \u00e4r ett kraftfullt s\u00e4tt att kommunicera vetenskap. Jag skapade alla dessa infografiker med hj\u00e4lp av Mind the graph, en onlineplattform som g\u00f6r det m\u00f6jligt f\u00f6r forskare att skapa i\u00f6gonfallande material.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  1. Kolcykeln och v\u00e4xthuseffekten - en vetenskaplig infografik.<\/a><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Koldioxid \u00e4r en vanlig gas som finns i atmosf\u00e4ren. Normalt uppr\u00e4tth\u00e5ller jordens kolcykel en naturlig balans av kol i atmosf\u00e4ren, marken och havet genom \"planetens andning\". M\u00e4nskliga aktiviteter som utsl\u00e4pp av fossila br\u00e4nslen bryter dock balansen i kolcykeln och orsakar klimatf\u00f6r\u00e4ndringar, eftersom v\u00e4xthusgaserna \u00f6kar [...].<\/p>","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":8959,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":[],"categories":[66,958],"tags":[219,51,299,311,310,554],"yoast_head":"\nConsequences of ocean acidification on marine animals - Mind the Graph Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Scientists estimate that the oceans absorbed one-third of all the carbon dioxide produced by human activities causing ocean acidification\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sv_se\/forsurning-av-havet-konsekvenser\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sv_SE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Consequences of ocean acidification on marine animals - 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