{"id":8713,"date":"2019-04-18T18:07:31","date_gmt":"2019-04-18T21:07:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.mindthegraph.com\/?p=8713"},"modified":"2022-10-18T08:24:00","modified_gmt":"2022-10-18T11:24:00","slug":"brain-damage-pig-brains-alive-hours-death","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sv_se\/hjarnskador-grisar-hjarnor-levande-timmar-dod\/","title":{"rendered":"Hj\u00e4rnskador: en infografik f\u00f6r att f\u00f6rst\u00e5 den nya Nature-artikeln"},"content":{"rendered":"

Forskare fr\u00e5n Yale University h\u00f6ll grishj\u00e4rnor vid liv utanf\u00f6r kroppen i timmar efter d\u00f6den. Det papper \u00c5terst\u00e4llande av hj\u00e4rncirkulation och cellul\u00e4ra funktioner timmar efter d\u00f6den<\/strong> f\u00f6rklarar experimentet med grishj\u00e4rnor, som kan kasta ljus \u00f6ver forskningen om hj\u00e4rnskador. Tidskriften Nature\u00a0publicerad <\/a>den 17 april.<\/p>\n

\"Under st\u00f6rre delen av m\u00e4nsklighetens historia var d\u00f6den mycket enkel\"<\/em> s\u00e4ger Christof Koch. Han \u00e4r president och chefsforskare vid Allen Institute for Brain Science i Seattle, Washington. \"Nu m\u00e5ste vi ifr\u00e5gas\u00e4tta vad som \u00e4r o\u00e5terkalleligt.\"\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Det finns ingen kommunikation mellan neuronerna i dessa hj\u00e4rnor, s\u00e5 det fanns inget medvetande. Men cellerna var levande - och bara det \u00e4r en mycket stor uppt\u00e4ckt.<\/p>\n

\"Tidigare resultat har visat att cellerna genomg\u00e5r en celld\u00f6dsprocess p\u00e5 i princip bara n\u00e5gra minuter\"<\/em>\u00a0sade Nenad Sestan, den neurovetenskapsman fr\u00e5n Yale som ledde forskningen, under en presskonferens. \"Det vi visar \u00e4r att celld\u00f6dsprocessen \u00e4r en gradvis stegvis process, och vissa av dessa processer kan antingen skjutas upp, bevaras eller till och med v\u00e4ndas.\"<\/em><\/p>\n

Experimentet med hj\u00e4rnskador<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Enligt Nature Magazine testade forskarna hur v\u00e4l hj\u00e4rnorna klarade sig under en sextimmarsperiod. De fann att nervceller och andra hj\u00e4rnceller hade \u00e5terupptagit normala metaboliska funktioner, som att f\u00f6rbruka socker och producera koldioxid. \u00c4ven hj\u00e4rnornas immunsystem verkade fungera. Strukturerna hos enskilda celler och sektioner av hj\u00e4rnan bevarades. D\u00e4remot kollapsade cellerna i kontrollhj\u00e4rnorna, som inte fick den n\u00e4rings- och syrerika l\u00f6sningen. Och n\u00e4r forskarna applicerade elektricitet p\u00e5 v\u00e4vnadsprover fr\u00e5n de behandlade hj\u00e4rnorna uppt\u00e4ckte de att enskilda nervceller fortfarande kunde \u00f6verf\u00f6ra en signal.<\/p>\n

Forskarna skapade ett system som kallas BrainEx och som \u00e4r s\u00e4rskilt utformat f\u00f6r att d\u00e4mpa vissa av de processer som orsakar nedbrytning av v\u00e4vnad i postmortala hj\u00e4rnor. Systemet inneb\u00e4r att man pumpar en l\u00f6sning som kallas BEx perfusat. L\u00f6sningen \u00e4r en patentskyddad blandning av skyddande, stabiliserande och kontrastmedel som fungerar som ers\u00e4ttning f\u00f6r blod. Perfusatet inneh\u00e5ller ocks\u00e5 kemikalier som stoppar oxidationen av kroppsv\u00e4vnad, vilket stoppar apoptos. Det inneh\u00e5ller ocks\u00e5 en blockerare av neural aktivitet, vars syfte \u00e4r tv\u00e5faldigt. De pumpade in l\u00f6sningen i den isolerade hj\u00e4rnans huvudart\u00e4rer vid normal kroppstemperatur.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"grisar\"<\/a>
Artikelbilden visar hur en hel hj\u00e4rna kopplades till BEx-enheten. Anslutningen av svinhj\u00e4rnan till perfusionssystemet gjordes via arteriella linjer.\u00a0<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

Forskarna anv\u00e4nde cirka 300 grishuvuden fr\u00e5n ett slakteri vid US Department of Agriculture. Efter att ha optimerat tekniken ansl\u00f6t teamet 32 grishj\u00e4rnor till BrainEx-systemet. De gjorde anslutningen 4 timmar efter att grisarna hade d\u00f6dats och efter att hj\u00e4rnorna hade avl\u00e4gsnats fr\u00e5n skallarna. Detta datoriserade n\u00e4tverk av pumpar, v\u00e4rmare och filter kontrollerade fl\u00f6det, temperaturen och en patentskyddad perfusatl\u00f6sning under sex timmar.<\/p>\n

En infografik f\u00f6r att f\u00f6rst\u00e5 experimentet<\/strong><\/h2>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"f\u00f6rhandsgranskning_77833<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Jag skapade infografiken med hj\u00e4lp av Mind the Graph. Om du vill anv\u00e4nda attraktiva vetenskapliga illustrationer f\u00f6r att n\u00e5 fler m\u00e4nniskor med din forskning kan du ocks\u00e5 anv\u00e4nda mind the Graph!<\/p>\n

\"f\u00f6rhandsgranskning_250\"<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Forskare fr\u00e5n Yale University h\u00f6ll grishj\u00e4rnor vid liv utanf\u00f6r kroppen i flera timmar efter d\u00f6den. I artikeln Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours post-mortem f\u00f6rklaras experimentet med grishj\u00e4rnor, som kan belysa forskningen om hj\u00e4rnskador. Tidskriften Nature publicerade artikeln den 17 april. \"Under st\u00f6rre delen av m\u00e4nsklighetens historia var d\u00f6den mycket enkel\", [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":8721,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[54,288,287,286,282,554,71,964,775,70],"yoast_head":"\nBrain damage: an infographic to understand the new Nature paper - Mind the Graph Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Scientists from Yale University kept pig brains alive for hours after death. 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