{"id":5346,"date":"2016-03-03T13:41:11","date_gmt":"2016-03-03T16:41:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.mindthegraph.com\/?p=5346"},"modified":"2022-10-18T08:29:24","modified_gmt":"2022-10-18T11:29:24","slug":"zika-virus-graphical-abstract","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sv_se\/zikavirus-grafiskt-abstrakt\/","title":{"rendered":"Zikavirusets grafiska abstrakt om mikrocefali"},"content":{"rendered":"

F\u00f6rst\u00e5 Zika-virusets grafiska abstrakt: Hur det minskar hj\u00e4rnans storlek<\/h3>\n

Idag har en forskningsstudie lagt till intressanta bevis f\u00f6r zikavirusets roll i missbildningen av nervv\u00e4vnader. Ah, ja, innan du fr\u00e5gar, m\u00e4nsklig nervv\u00e4vnad.<\/p>\n

Detta gjordes p\u00e5 ett elegant s\u00e4tt av Dr. Stevens Rehens grupp, en internationellt k\u00e4nd forskare inom stamcellsforskning och, p\u00e5 senare tid, omprogrammering av celler.<\/p>\n

I figuren nedan sammanfattas resultaten av tidningen<\/a>, men jag ska f\u00f6rs\u00f6ka f\u00f6rklara det kortfattat.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"blogg<\/p>\n

Detta insiktsfulla grafiska abstrakt av Zika-viruset gjordes med Mind the graph. Visst \u00e4r det coolt?<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Som du kan se p\u00e5 bilden ovan har tre olika tillv\u00e4gag\u00e5ngss\u00e4tt anv\u00e4nts i denna forskning. Alla bekr\u00e4ftar att zikaviruset har en direkt inverkan p\u00e5 hur hj\u00e4rnceller utvecklas f\u00f6r att bilda en korrekt neuronal v\u00e4vnad, s\u00e5 kallad \"incudes brain malformation\".\"zikavirus<\/a>Mikrocefali \u00e4r bara en missbildning i hj\u00e4rnan. Vad som f\u00f6resl\u00e5s i rapporten \u00e4r n\u00e5got \u00e4nnu mer grundl\u00e4ggande.<\/p>\n

De visar hur zikaviruset:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Fr\u00e4mjar celld\u00f6d<\/li>\n
  2. Framkallar morfologiska f\u00f6r\u00e4ndringar (i neurosf\u00e4rer)<\/li>\n
  3. Minskar tillv\u00e4xten\/storleken p\u00e5 hj\u00e4rnorganoider (minihj\u00e4rnor)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Detta \u00e4r alla s\u00e4tt p\u00e5 vilka zikaviruset p\u00e5verkar neurogenesen under hj\u00e4rnans utveckling hos m\u00e4nniskor och orsakar den fenotyp som du ser nedan.<\/p>\n

    \"zikavirus<\/a><\/p>\n

    <\/h3>\n

    Varf\u00f6r har det inte gjorts tidigare?<\/h3>\n

    Den banbrytande metoden var anv\u00e4ndningen av inducerade pluripotenta stamceller (iPS-celler) f\u00f6r att kunna studera virusinfektion i m\u00e4nskliga celler.<\/p>\n

    Med denna process omprogrammeras en somatisk cell som sk\u00f6rdats fr\u00e5n en person till sitt ursprungliga tillst\u00e5nd som pluripotent cell och kan d\u00e4refter differentieras till olika celler, v\u00e4vnader och p\u00e5 senare tid organ. Detta \u00e4r sj\u00e4lva b\u00f6rjan p\u00e5 \"m\u00e4nsklig v\u00e4vnadsteknik\".<\/p>\n

    I studien anv\u00e4nde f\u00f6rfattarna inte bara iPS-celler utan genererade \u00e4ven organoider i hj\u00e4rnan<\/a>, \u00e4ven kallade \"minihj\u00e4rnor\", f\u00f6r att f\u00f6rst\u00e5 hur zikaviruset p\u00e5verkar bildandet av denna neuronala v\u00e4vnad.<\/p>\n

    Cellkulturer som denna betraktas som tredimensionella (3D) strukturer och ger fler ledtr\u00e5dar om organarkitekturen. Detta \u00e4r organoidens \u00e5r enligt Ekonom<\/a>. Med hj\u00e4lp av denna innovativa metod kunde forskarna f\u00f6rst\u00e5 hur zikaviruset riktar in sig p\u00e5 m\u00e4nskliga hj\u00e4rnceller och minskar deras livskraft och tillv\u00e4xt som neurosf\u00e4rer och cerebrala organoider.<\/p>\n

    Den papper<\/a> \u00e4r p\u00e5 f\u00f6rhandsutskrift i den innovativa tidskriften PeerJ. Du kan \u00e4ven kommentera och hj\u00e4lpa f\u00f6rfattarna att f\u00f6rb\u00e4ttra den under processen. Du kan se sammanfattningen nedan och f\u00e5 full tillg\u00e5ng genom att klicka p\u00e5 h\u00e4r<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    \"zikavirus<\/a><\/p>\n

    Notera: Tv\u00e5 m\u00e5nader efter f\u00f6rhandsutskriften p\u00e5 PeerJ i mars 2016 publicerades det slutliga dokumentet och till v\u00e5r f\u00f6rv\u00e5ning var det publicerad p\u00e5 Science <\/a>Magazine, en av de mest prestigefyllda vetenskapliga tidskrifterna i v\u00e4rlden.<\/p>\n

    -> L\u00e4s hela artikeln av Garcez et al i Science <-<\/a><\/p>\n

    \"zikavirus<\/a><\/p>\n

    L\u00e5t fler m\u00e4nniskor veta om det genom att dela detta inl\u00e4gg. Detta \u00e4r en fr\u00e5ga om global folkh\u00e4lsa, vilket redan har konstaterats av V\u00e4rldsh\u00e4lsoorganisationen<\/a>\u00a0(WHO).<\/p>\n

    \n

     <\/p>\n

    K\u00e4nna till vad WHO ger r\u00e5d om zikaviruset<\/a>\u00a0\u00f6verf\u00f6ring och infektion:<\/p>\n

    \n

    Transmission<\/h3>\n

    Zikaviruset \u00f6verf\u00f6rs till m\u00e4nniskor fr\u00e4mst genom bett fr\u00e5n Aedes<\/i> myggor, som ofta lever runt byggnader i stadsomr\u00e5den och vanligtvis \u00e4r aktiva under dagsljus (den h\u00f6gsta aktiviteten intr\u00e4ffar tidigt p\u00e5 morgonen och sent p\u00e5 eftermiddagen).<\/p>\n

    Vissa bevis tyder p\u00e5 att zikaviruset ocks\u00e5 kan \u00f6verf\u00f6ras till m\u00e4nniskor genom blodtransfusion, perinatal \u00f6verf\u00f6ring och sexuell \u00f6verf\u00f6ring. Dessa \u00f6verf\u00f6ringss\u00e4tt \u00e4r dock mycket s\u00e4llsynta.<\/p>\n

    Inkubationstiden \u00e4r vanligtvis mellan 2 och 7 dagar.<\/p>\n

    Tecken och symtom<\/h3>\n

    Zikavirusinfektion k\u00e4nnetecknas av l\u00e5ggradig feber (mindre \u00e4n 38,5\u00b0C) som ofta \u00e5tf\u00f6ljs av makulopapul\u00f6sa utslag. Andra vanliga symtom \u00e4r muskelsm\u00e4rta, ledsm\u00e4rta med eventuell svullnad (s\u00e4rskilt i sm\u00e5 leder i h\u00e4nder och f\u00f6tter), huvudv\u00e4rk, sm\u00e4rta bakom \u00f6gonen och konjunktivit. Eftersom symtomen ofta \u00e4r milda kan infektionen f\u00f6rbli ok\u00e4nd eller feldiagnostiseras som denguefeber.<\/p>\n

    En h\u00f6g andel asymtomatiska infektioner med zikavirus f\u00f6rv\u00e4ntas, i likhet med andra flavivirus, t.ex. denguevirus och West Nile-virus. De flesta tillfrisknar helt utan allvarliga komplikationer och antalet sjukhusvistelser \u00e4r l\u00e5gt. Hittills har det inte rapporterats n\u00e5gra d\u00f6dsfall i samband med zikavirus.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Uppdaterad den 3 maj 2016.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    F\u00f6rst\u00e5 zikaviruset grafiskt sammandrag: Hur det minskar hj\u00e4rnans storlek Idag har en forskningsstudie lagt till intressanta bevis f\u00f6r zikavirusets roll i missbildningen av nervv\u00e4vnader. Ah, ja, innan du fr\u00e5gar, m\u00e4nsklig nervv\u00e4vnad. Detta gjordes elegant av gruppen kring Dr. Stevens Rehen, en internationellt k\u00e4nd forskare inom omr\u00e5det [...].<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":7136,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[956],"tags":[96,201,200,203,202,205,554,71,250,204,199],"yoast_head":"\nZika virus graphical abstract on microcephaly - Mind the Graph Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"This insightful Zika virus graphical abstract was done with Mind the graph. 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