{"id":19837,"date":"2022-09-15T11:59:00","date_gmt":"2022-09-15T14:59:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/?p=19837"},"modified":"2023-03-20T09:54:50","modified_gmt":"2023-03-20T12:54:50","slug":"cutaneous-and-acral-melanoma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sv_se\/cutaneus-och-akral-melanom\/","title":{"rendered":"Forsknings\u00f6versikt: Kutant och akralt melanom"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Under \u00e5rtionden har vissa populationer rapporterat en \u00f6kning av melanomincidensen i v\u00e4rlden. Neoplasmer i melanocyter i hud, slemhinna eller uvea kallas melanom. Trots att melanom utg\u00f6r 5% av alla kutana maligniteter \u00e4r det orsaken till mer \u00e4n 75% av alla d\u00f6dsfall i hudcancer.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c4ven om det positiva sambandet mellan UV-exponering och melanomutveckling \u00e4r v\u00e4lk\u00e4nt, \u00e4r de underliggande epigenetiska mekanismerna i stor utstr\u00e4ckning outforskade i m\u00e4nskliga melanomv\u00e4vnader. I den h\u00e4r artikeln diskuteras de prognostiska cancerfaktorerna relaterade till patobiologi och exponering f\u00f6r ultraviolett str\u00e5lning, tillsammans med f\u00f6rfattarens insikter om det ovann\u00e4mnda \u00e4mnet.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>Syftet med unders\u00f6kningen<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Med hj\u00e4lp av tv\u00e5 oberoende kohorter av kutana melanompatienter vill de uppt\u00e4cka och validera genomomfattande metyleringsf\u00f6r\u00e4ndringar som \u00e4r kopplade till UV-mutationer. Ett viktigt m\u00e5l \u00e4r att unders\u00f6ka den diagnostiska potentialen hos DNA-metylomer kontra transkriptomer och integrerade metylom- och transkriptomer f\u00f6r att skilja mellan UV-muterade och icke-UV-muterade kutana melanom.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Med hj\u00e4lp av en integrativ OMIC-metod utv\u00e4rderas de sm\u00e5 nukleotidvarianterna (SNV) och kopietalsvarianterna (CNV) av prioriterade differentiellt metylerade gener med avseende p\u00e5 cancerframkallande potential. Denna forskning st\u00f6ds ytterligare av en annan som unders\u00f6ker om DNA-metylomer kan s\u00e4rskilja patologiska och UV-relaterade skillnader mellan framtr\u00e4dande melanomvarianter som \u00e4r f\u00f6rknippade med exponering f\u00f6r UV-ljus (kutant melanom) och de som inte \u00e4r det (akralt melanom). Diagrammet i artikeln visar vad studiens m\u00e5l och process \u00e4r. Den grafiska representationen skapades med hj\u00e4lp av <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\">Mind the Graph<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:18px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/app\/offer-trial\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"651\" height=\"174\" src=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/banner-blog-trial-01.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-26823\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/banner-blog-trial-01.jpg 651w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/banner-blog-trial-01-300x80.jpg 300w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/banner-blog-trial-01-18x5.jpg 18w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/banner-blog-trial-01-100x27.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 651px) 100vw, 651px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:18px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2>Granskning av studien i detalj<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>I kliniska bioprover har UV-str\u00e5lning (UV) kopplats till kutant melanom, men epigenetiska mekanismer som ligger bakom dessa mekanismer \u00e4r \u00e4nnu inte fastst\u00e4llda. En multietnisk kohort med 112 kutana melanomceller inkluderades i denna studie f\u00f6r klinisk profilering, epigenom- (DNA-metylom), genom- och transkriptomprofilering. I denna studie identifierar de UV-inducerade f\u00f6r\u00e4ndringar i immunologiska och regulatoriska v\u00e4gar som kan vara cancerframkallande i multi-OMICs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>F\u00f6rutom att vara den mest kritiskt involverade genen \u00e4r TAPBP (Tap binding protein gene) kritiskt involverad i immunfunktionen, med flera UV-f\u00f6r\u00e4ndrade metyleringsst\u00e4llen som har validerats genom riktad sekvensering, vilket ger kliniskt till\u00e4mpbara m\u00f6jligheter. MHC-I interagerar med transport\u00f6ren som \u00e4r associerad med antigenbearbetning genom TAPBP, en medlem av immunoglobulinsuperfamiljen. Ett antal cancerformer har visat nedreglering av TAPBP-proteinet (tapasin), vilket \u00e5terst\u00e4lls efter cytokinexponering.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Detta tyder p\u00e5 att ett bristf\u00e4lligt uttryck av TAPBP kan orsakas av dysreglering snarare \u00e4n strukturella f\u00f6r\u00e4ndringar. Forskarna fann att DNA-metyleringsniv\u00e5erna f\u00f6r TAPBP \u00e4r signifikant omv\u00e4nt relaterade till transkription och att den senare f\u00f6r\u00e4ndras som ett resultat av UV-exponering snarare \u00e4n melanomets patologiska identitet. Varken kutana eller akrala melanom som inte \u00e4r UV-mutanta visade sig vara differentierat metylerade.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>F\u00f6rutom de resultat som r\u00f6r TAPBP fann de att UV-mutationer \u00e4r associerade med en rad epigenetiska f\u00f6r\u00e4ndringar som p\u00e5verkar kutana melanoms metylom. Resultaten indikerar att kutana melanom, oavsett om de \u00e4r UV-mutanta eller icke-UV-mutanta, kan beh\u00f6va klassificeras separat \u00e4ven om de tros ha samma patologiska\/cellul\u00e4ra ursprung. Detta beror p\u00e5 att det epigenomiska landskap som de h\u00e4rstammar fr\u00e5n kan inneh\u00e5lla b\u00e5de mark\u00f6rer f\u00f6r exponering och cellinje.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I denna studie anv\u00e4ndes flera kraftfulla tekniker f\u00f6r kutan och akral melanomprover, inklusive WGS, WES, RNA-sekvensering och DNA-metylomomfattande profilering, tillsammans med toppmoderna bioinformatiska verktyg. Forskarna anv\u00e4nde offentligt tillg\u00e4ngliga data och kompletterade dem med nya dataset, som omfattade st\u00f6rre provstorlekar, en bredare genomisk t\u00e4ckning, omfattande fenotypiska bed\u00f6mningar, v\u00e4lbevarade frysta v\u00e4vnadsprover och utv\u00e4rdering av melanom ut\u00f6ver kutana och andra etniciteter \u00e4n europ\u00e9er.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>Detta arbete resulterade i f\u00f6ljande resultat<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>(1) Uppt\u00e4cka biomark\u00f6rer som kan anv\u00e4ndas f\u00f6r att stratifiera cancerrisken;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(2) F\u00f6rb\u00e4ttrad klassificering av melanomtyper inom och mellan dem;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(3) Identifiera molekyl\u00e4ra drivkrafter som kan vara ansvariga f\u00f6r melanomagenes och som kan anv\u00e4ndas som m\u00e5l f\u00f6r behandling;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(4) \u00d6kad kunskap om melanompatobiologi f\u00f6r att minska skillnader i befolkning.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Denna studie utg\u00f6r en f\u00e4rdplan f\u00f6r liknande gen- och milj\u00f6unders\u00f6kningar i andra typer av melanom och omfattar b\u00e5de vanliga och mindre vanliga melanom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>Ett mer effektivt s\u00e4tt att kommunicera korrekt vetenskaplig information<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Det \u00e4r mycket intressant och l\u00e4tt att f\u00f6rst\u00e5 detta forskningsdokument, fr\u00e4mst p\u00e5 grund av dess vackra grafiska illustrationer. Graferna skapades med hj\u00e4lp av <a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\">Mind the Graph<\/a> verktyg. En grafisk illustration kan vara till nytta f\u00f6r l\u00e4saren p\u00e5 m\u00e5nga olika s\u00e4tt. Du kan f\u00f6rs\u00f6ka f\u00f6rb\u00e4ttra din forskning genom att registrera dig gratis p\u00e5 Mind the Graph och prova din f\u00f6rsta vetenskapliga figur.<br><br>Gl\u00f6m inte att l\u00e4sa v\u00e5r artikel \"<a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/the-key-visual-science-scientific-illustration\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Vetenskaplig illustration: Nyckeln till en v\u00e4rld av visuell vetenskap<\/a>&#8220;. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:18px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"594\" height=\"463\" src=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/scientifically-accurate-posters.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-25484\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/scientifically-accurate-posters.png 594w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/scientifically-accurate-posters-300x234.png 300w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/scientifically-accurate-posters-15x12.png 15w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/scientifically-accurate-posters-100x78.png 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 594px) 100vw, 594px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:18px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-1 wp-block-buttons\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/science_figures\" style=\"border-radius:50px;background-color:#dc1866\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Skapa effektiva vetenskapsfigurer p\u00e5 n\u00e5gra minuter<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>I den h\u00e4r artikeln diskuteras de prognostiska cancerfaktorerna relaterade till patobiologi och ultraviolett exponering tillsammans med f\u00f6rfattarens insikter.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":27204,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[956],"tags":[937,96,554,775],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Research Review: Cutaneous and Acral Melanoma<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"This article will discuss the prognostic cancer driver related to pathobiology and ultraviolet exposure along with the author&#039;s insights.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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