{"id":12121,"date":"2021-01-11T11:05:53","date_gmt":"2021-01-11T13:05:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/?p=12121"},"modified":"2023-01-05T14:52:03","modified_gmt":"2023-01-05T17:52:03","slug":"cause-of-alzheimers-disease","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sv_se\/orsak-till-alzheimers-sjukdom\/","title":{"rendered":"Ny teori f\u00f6rs\u00f6ker f\u00f6rklara orsaken till Alzheimers sjukdom"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mer \u00e4n h\u00e4lften av demensfallen klassificeras idag som Alzheimers sjukdom - en kronisk neurodegenerativ sjukdom som gradvis p\u00e5verkar kognitionen och minnet hos en person. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fram till idag har man trott att sjukdomen orsakas av genetiska faktorer och \u00e5ldersfaktorer, men de st\u00f6rsta bovarna i dramat \u00e4r de senila placken och de neurofibrill\u00e4ra sammanfl\u00e4tningarna, som leder till neuroinflammation och i sin tur till neurond\u00f6d. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

En ny teori om orsakerna till Alzheimers sjukdom lyser dock upp den medicinska forskningens himmel. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Teorin \u00e4r att genetik och \u00e5ldrande inte \u00e4r de enda faktorer som ligger bakom bildandet av amyloidklumpar - det protein som ansamlas mellan nervceller och orsakar Alzheimers sjukdom - utan att det ocks\u00e5 kan vara en utl\u00f6sande reaktion p\u00e5 en mikrobinfektion.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u00e5t oss titta n\u00e4rmare p\u00e5 en neurologisk skala f\u00f6r att f\u00f6rst\u00e5 hela bilden av vad som h\u00e4nder inuti en hj\u00e4rna med Alzheimers sjukdom. Tv\u00e5 viktiga fenomen \u00e4r p\u00e5 g\u00e5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ett protein som kallas tau ansvarar f\u00f6r att uppr\u00e4tth\u00e5lla stabiliteten genom att ge st\u00f6d \u00e5t mikrotubuli inuti nervcellerna. I en hj\u00e4rna som lider av sjukdomen modifieras tau biokemiskt genom en reaktion som kallas hyperfosforylatreaktion. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Resultatet av denna f\u00f6r\u00e4ndring \u00e4r ol\u00f6sliga proteinbitar inuti neuronen, vilket bryter ned hela systemet och d\u00f6dar neuroncellerna. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dessa ol\u00f6sliga bitar av tau-proteiner aggregerar till varandra och bildar neurofibrill\u00e4ra trassel.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Den senila plack<\/strong> best\u00e5r av amyloid-\u03b2-peptider<\/strong>. Ett protein som finns i nervcellernas membran (pre-amyloid) uts\u00e4tts f\u00f6r en klyvningsprocess som resulterar i fria bitar av amyloid-\u03b2 utanf\u00f6r nervcellerna*. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dessa bitar ska egentligen rensas bort fr\u00e5n det yttre neuronmediet av s\u00e4rskilda celler och enzymer genom fagocytos, men p\u00e5 grund av genetiska faktorer eller \u00e5ldrande sker denna process inte tillr\u00e4ckligt effektivt, vilket leder till fria bitar av ol\u00f6sliga amyloid-\u03b2-proteiner som b\u00f6rjar aggregera till plack.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

De amyloida placken \u00e4r de som mest studerats och diskuterats som orsaken till Alzheimers sjukdom. Men forskarna h\u00e4vdar ocks\u00e5 att neurofibrill\u00e4ra trassel \u00e4r direkt kopplade till sjukdomsf\u00f6rloppet.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Forskarna fann ocks\u00e5 amyloidklumpar i friska post mortem-hj\u00e4rnor. Det inneb\u00e4r att reng\u00f6ringsprocessen i en frisk gammal hj\u00e4rna ocks\u00e5 blir mindre effektiv, men inte lika mycket som i en hj\u00e4rna med Alzheimers sjukdom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e4rf\u00f6r \u00e4r det ett stort antal av dessa senila plack och neurofibrill\u00e4ra trassel som k\u00e4nnetecknar Alzheimers sjukdom; de blir extremt giftiga f\u00f6r hj\u00e4rnan och f\u00f6r\u00e4ndrar synapsernas effektivitet och kvalitet. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

De drabbade uppvisar symtom som minnesf\u00f6rlust, f\u00f6rvirring avseende tid och plats, depression, \u00e5ngest, spr\u00e5k- och kommunikationsproblem, instabilt hum\u00f6r m.m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I den nya f\u00f6reslagna teorin<\/strong>, \u00e4r de amyloida placken en mekanism f\u00f6r att skydda hj\u00e4rnan mot mikrobinfektion. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Amyloid-\u03b2-genen finns i en stor del av ryggradsdjuren och den har bevarats hos olika arter i flera generationer, vilket inneb\u00e4r att den b\u00f6r ha en anv\u00e4ndbar och viktig roll f\u00f6r v\u00e5r kropp och inte bara fungera som n\u00e5got skadligt - om den inte var n\u00e5got v\u00e4rdefullt eller nyttigt skulle genen ha f\u00f6rsvunnit f\u00f6r l\u00e4nge sedan genom den evolution\u00e4ra v\u00e4gen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Forskarna unders\u00f6kte tusentals postmortala hj\u00e4rnor fr\u00e5n personer med Alzheimers sjukdom. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c4ven om de hade sv\u00e5rt att analysera dessa typer av hj\u00e4rnor p\u00e5 grund av de d\u00e5liga f\u00f6rh\u00e5llandena, kunde de studera och samla in information f\u00f6r att senare f\u00f6resl\u00e5 n\u00e5gra m\u00f6jliga mikrobtriggare. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dessa triggers \u00e4r f\u00f6rsvarsmekanismer mot vissa typer av humana herpesvirus som herpesvirus 1, 6A och 7, och mot tre bakterier, Chlamydia pneumonia<\/em>, Borrelia burgdorferi<\/em>, Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Teorin \u00e4r att beta-amyloiden inledningsvis har en defensiv funktion, d\u00e4r den f\u00e5ngar upp mikrober som r\u00f6r sig mot hj\u00e4rnan och stoppar en eventuell infektion eller sjukdom. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Som n\u00e4mnts f\u00f6rlorar hj\u00e4rnan p\u00e5 grund av \u00e5ldrande faktorer sin f\u00f6rm\u00e5ga att effektivt reng\u00f6ra amyloiderna. S\u00e5ledes kan id\u00e9n om amyloidens funktion vara felaktig hela tiden; den \u00e4r f\u00f6rmodligen involverad i en typ av antimikrobiellt skydd mot hj\u00e4rnans inkr\u00e4ktare, och klassificeras som en antimikrobiell peptid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Forskare har f\u00e5tt positiva resultat n\u00e4r de f\u00f6rs\u00f6kt visa att \u03b2-amyloid kan d\u00f6da mikroorganismer fr\u00e5n n\u00e5gra vanliga sjukdomar. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dessutom testas ett antiviralt l\u00e4kemedel i en annan studie som inleddes 2007 och som ska avslutas 2022 vid University of Columbia i New York p\u00e5 patienter med h<\/s>erpes simplex virus 1 och mild Alzheimers sjukdom, f\u00f6r att se om l\u00e4kemedlet kan bromsa sjukdomsf\u00f6rloppet. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00f6r n\u00e4rvarande \u00e4r det enda vi kan g\u00f6ra att hoppas p\u00e5 det b\u00e4sta och v\u00e4nta p\u00e5 resultaten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Denna nya f\u00f6reslagna teori \u00e4r fortfarande inte v\u00e4l accepterad av hela det vetenskapliga samfundet. M\u00e5nga forskare h\u00e4vdar att \u00e4ven om den nya f\u00f6reslagna teorin skulle bevisas, kommer genetiska faktorer och d\u00e5liga mutationer fortfarande att vara den fr\u00e4msta orsaken till sjukdomen. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alzheimers sjukdom \u00e4r fortfarande ett tillst\u00e5nd med mycket liten vetenskaplig kunskap om dess verkliga orsaker; det finns inget botemedel och inte m\u00e5nga terapeutiska behandlingsalternativ. Om denna teori visar sig vara sann kan det vara det f\u00f6rsta steget i riktning mot b\u00e4ttre behandlingar. Heja vetenskapen!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Referenser<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

ABBOTT, A. \u00c4r infektioner grogrund f\u00f6r vissa fall av Alzheimers sjukdom? Natur<\/strong>, v. 587, n. 7832, p. 22-25, 4 nov. 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

CEC\u00cd, K. et al. Biomark\u00f6rer vid Alzheimers sjukdom. Geriatrik, gerontologi och \u00e5ldrande<\/strong>, v. 6, n. 3, s. 273-282, 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MAKIN, S. Amyloidhypotesen p\u00e5 prov. Natur<\/strong>, v. 559, n. 7715, s. S4-S7, 25 juli 2018.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

YOO, K.-Y.; PARK, S.-Y. Terpenoider som potentiella l\u00e4kemedel mot Alzheimers sjukdom. Molekyler<\/strong>, v. 17, n. 3, s. 3524-3538, mar. 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Mer \u00e4n h\u00e4lften av demensfallen klassificeras idag som Alzheimers sjukdom - en kronisk neurodegenerativ sjukdom som gradvis p\u00e5verkar kognitionen och minnet hos en person. Fram till idag har man trott att sjukdomen orsakas av genetiska faktorer och \u00e5ldrande, medan skurkarna och de skyldiga till sjukdomen tillskrivs [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":12125,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[213,554,964,136],"yoast_head":"\nNew Theory Tries to Explain The Cause of Alzheimer\u2019s<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Read this blog that discusses a new theory that tries to explain the cause of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. 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He has a Ph.D. and solid scientific background in Psychopharmacology and experience as a Guest Researcher at the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry (Germany) and Researcher in D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR, Brazil). Fabricio holds over 2500 citations in Google Scholar. He has 10 years of experience in small innovative businesses, with relevant experience in product design and innovation management. 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