{"id":12100,"date":"2020-12-30T09:30:00","date_gmt":"2020-12-30T11:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/?p=12100"},"modified":"2023-01-05T15:13:37","modified_gmt":"2023-01-05T18:13:37","slug":"nerve-impulse-the-synapse","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sv_se\/nervimpuls-synaps\/","title":{"rendered":"Nervimpuls DEL 2 - Synapsen"},"content":{"rendered":"

Allt nervsystemet \u00e4r baserat p\u00e5 aktionspotentialer <\/strong>och synapser<\/strong> f\u00f6r att \u00f6verf\u00f6ra information i hela kroppen. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Neuroner \u00e4r celler som \u00e4r specialiserade p\u00e5 att \u00f6verf\u00f6ra elektriska eller kemiska signaler till en annan neuron genom att f\u00f6lja en v\u00e4ldefinierad v\u00e4g till en m\u00e5lcell. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Den h\u00e4r artikeln \u00e4r den andra delen av tv\u00e5 som handlar om hur detta fantastiska och komplexa system kan hantera n\u00e4stan allt i v\u00e5r kropp. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nu ska vi diskutera synapsklyftan - utrymmet mellan tv\u00e5 nervceller, en annan region som ocks\u00e5 ansvarar f\u00f6r att vidarebefordra nervimpulsen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Namn <\/em>synaps<\/em><\/strong> <\/em>h\u00e4rstammar fr\u00e5n det grekiska synaps<\/em>, vilket inneb\u00e4r \"konjunktion\"<\/em><\/strong>. Forskare genom historien har haft sv\u00e5rt att hitta en term som kan f\u00f6rklara \"<\/em>f\u00f6rening av tv\u00e5 separata element<\/em><\/strong>\"<\/em>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

I vissa gamla artiklar brukade synapsen \u00e4ven kallas korsningar<\/em><\/strong>. I dag \u00e4r synaps<\/em><\/strong> \u00e4r det namn som anv\u00e4nds och ges till den struktur som ansvarar f\u00f6r att vidarebefordra en signal till en annan neuron vid synapsklyftan. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

All synapsaktivitet sker i den synaptiska klyftan, en liten plats mellan tv\u00e5 olika celler som ligger bredvid varandra, den pre-synaptisk<\/strong> cellen och den pos-synaptisk cell. <\/strong>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

I de flesta fall kopplas tv\u00e5 neuroner samman via axonterminalen p\u00e5 en neuron - den pre-synaptiska neuronen, den som skickar signalen - till dendrit p\u00e5 n\u00e4sta neuron - den pos-synaptiska neuronen - som kan vara antingen m\u00e5lcellen eller n\u00e4sta neuron i raden som ska skicka signalen vidare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I utrymmet mellan cellerna - synapsspalten - p\u00e5g\u00e5r en enorm m\u00e4ngd information samtidigt, och ett stort molekyl\u00e4rt maskineri ansvarar f\u00f6r att kontrollera fris\u00e4ttningen och produktionen av dessa informationsb\u00e4rare, dessa molekyler kallas neurotransmittorer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Men nervcellerna g\u00f6r inte allt arbete p\u00e5 egen hand, de har en specifik typ av cell bredvid sig som har till uppgift att st\u00f6dja regleringen av neurotransmittorer. Dessa celler \u00e4r astrocyter<\/strong>; de \u00e4r en typ av gliaceller.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glias<\/strong> klassificeras som icke-neuronala celler - de varken f\u00f6rmedlar eller producerar n\u00e5gon typ av nervimpuls eller signal. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dessa celler har m\u00e5nga ansvarsomr\u00e5den som alla \u00e4r relaterade till neuronernas behov, som en assistent dygnet runt. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

De finns \u00f6verallt i det centrala och perifera nervsystemet. I allm\u00e4nhet ger de st\u00f6d, skydd och n\u00e4ring till neuronen med n\u00e4rings\u00e4mnen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Som tidigare n\u00e4mnts \u00e4r neuronerna specialiserade celler som ansvarar f\u00f6r att \u00f6verf\u00f6ra elektriska eller kemiska signaler. Var och en av dessa signaler har en metod f\u00f6r att \u00f6verf\u00f6ra signalen. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Den pre-synaptiska neuronen som \u00e4r involverad i den kemiska synapsen kan \u00f6verf\u00f6ra information inte bara till neuroner utan \u00e4ven till muskler och k\u00f6rtlar, vilket sker genom att aktionspotentialen f\u00e4rdas l\u00e4ngs hela neuronen, n\u00e5r axonterminalen och sedan skickar signalen vidare till de sp\u00e4nningsstyrda kalciumkanalerna. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Depolariseringen g\u00f6r att dessa kanaler aktiveras och \u00f6ppnar f\u00f6r kalcium (Ca+2) att ta sig in i neuronen. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Infl\u00f6det av kalcium i cellen ger en signal till den synaptiska vesikeln, som sedan fris\u00e4tter neurotransmittorer i den synaptiska klyftan. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e4l i den synaptiska klyftan g\u00e5r dessa neurotransmittorer mot neurotransmittorreceptorerna i den pos-synaptiska neuronen. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u00e5 s\u00e5 s\u00e4tt forts\u00e4tter nervimpulsen, upprepar processen i dendriterna, sedan k\u00e4rnan, g\u00e5r till axonen d\u00e4r aktionspotentialen f\u00f6rs vidare. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e4r nervimpulsen n\u00e5r m\u00e5lcellen kan tv\u00e5 typer av reaktioner uppst\u00e5 i den pos-synaptiska neuronen - antingen en stimulerande eller en h\u00e4mmande reaktion.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Den andra, den elektriska synapsen, sker mycket snabbare j\u00e4mf\u00f6rt med den kemiska synapsen, eftersom den best\u00e5r av f\u00e4rre steg f\u00f6r signal\u00f6verf\u00f6ringen. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Den elektriska str\u00f6mmen \u00f6verf\u00f6rs genom kanaler som kallas gap-junctions<\/strong>, som finns i b\u00e5da cellerna och f\u00f6rbinder de f\u00f6rsynaptiska med de possynaptiska neuronerna.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dessa kanaler kan \u00e5terleda den elektriska str\u00f6mmen utan att n\u00e5gra neurotransmittorer \u00e4r inblandade.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Intressant nog beh\u00f6ver synapsprocessen inte n\u00f6dv\u00e4ndigtvis koppla samman samma neurondelar varje g\u00e5ng, som axonterminalen och dendriterna. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Det finns fler arrangemang f\u00f6r \u00f6verf\u00f6ring av nervimpulser \u00e4n detta. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Axonterminaler fr\u00e5n f\u00f6rsynaptiska celler kan anslutas direkt till blodomloppet, neuronaxonen eller till och med en annan axonterminal. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

De kan ocks\u00e5 vara anslutna till en neuron-dendrit-ryggrad eller till och med sakna anslutning f\u00f6r fris\u00e4ttning av neurotransmittorer i det extracellul\u00e4ra mediet. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Beroende p\u00e5 vilken typ av information som transporteras m\u00e5ste en typ av neurotransmittor fris\u00e4ttas, de kan vara fr\u00e5n gruppen glutamatergiska, GABAergiska, kolinerga, adrenerga med excitatorisk eller inhibitorisk verkan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regleringen av neurotransmittorer \u00e4r ett mycket k\u00e4nsligt system i v\u00e5r kropp. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Studier utf\u00f6rda av m\u00e5nga forskare visade att en felreglerad neurotransmittor kan p\u00e5verka inte bara en enda utan m\u00e5nga aktiviteter i hj\u00e4rnan, som hum\u00f6r, humor, s\u00f6mn, aptit, kroppstemperatur, r\u00e4dsla, f\u00f6rutom psykiska sjukdomar. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Till exempel Parkinsons sjukdom och schizofreni, som idag \u00e4r k\u00e4nda som sjukdomar utan botemedel, \u00e4r relaterade till dysfunktion av neurotransmittorn dopamin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Generellt sett \u00e4r nervimpulsen den som ansvarar f\u00f6r att kommunicera och f\u00f6ra med sig all information genom kroppen. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ett litet problem eller en dysreglering kan orsaka stora konsekvenser och sjukdomar. Forskarna har fortfarande inte lyckats f\u00f6rst\u00e5 detta komplexa n\u00e4tverk till fullo.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

____<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gillade du infografiken i den h\u00e4r artikeln? Du kan ocks\u00e5 anv\u00e4nda den i ditt arbete, Klicka h\u00e4r<\/a> s\u00e5 ser du alla mallar som finns tillg\u00e4ngliga f\u00f6r Mind the Graph-anv\u00e4ndare. Du beh\u00f6ver inte b\u00f6rja fr\u00e5n b\u00f6rjan. Eller s\u00e5 kan du b\u00f6rja skapa just nu<\/a>, med hj\u00e4lp av v\u00e5r neurologi<\/a> galleri och mer<\/a>!<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hela nervsystemet \u00e4r baserat p\u00e5 aktionspotentialer och synapser f\u00f6r att \u00f6verf\u00f6ra information i hela kroppen. Neuroner \u00e4r celler som \u00e4r specialiserade p\u00e5 att \u00f6verf\u00f6ra elektriska eller kemiska signaler till en annan neuron som f\u00f6ljer en v\u00e4ldefinierad v\u00e4g f\u00f6r att n\u00e5 en m\u00e5lcell. Denna artikel \u00e4r den andra delen av tv\u00e5 som diskuterar hur detta fantastiska och komplexa system [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":12102,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[812],"yoast_head":"\nNerve Impulse PART 2 \u2013 The Synapse - MTG<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Nerve Impulse PART 2 \u2013 The Synapse. Read this blog to know more about how nerve impulses take place. 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He has a Ph.D. and solid scientific background in Psychopharmacology and experience as a Guest Researcher at the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry (Germany) and Researcher in D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR, Brazil). Fabricio holds over 2500 citations in Google Scholar. He has 10 years of experience in small innovative businesses, with relevant experience in product design and innovation management. 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