{"id":11803,"date":"2020-10-28T09:30:35","date_gmt":"2020-10-28T11:30:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/?p=11803"},"modified":"2022-10-18T08:09:32","modified_gmt":"2022-10-18T11:09:32","slug":"rt-pcr-test-for-coronavirus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sv_se\/rt-pcr-test-for-coronavirus\/","title":{"rendered":"RT-PCR-test f\u00f6r coronaviruset"},"content":{"rendered":"

Av allt du har h\u00f6rt om covid-19 under 2020 \u00e4r det en sak som st\u00e5r i centrum: det test som anv\u00e4nds f\u00f6r att uppt\u00e4cka om n\u00e5gon \u00e4r smittad av viruset, det ber\u00f6mda RT-PCR-testet eller bara PCR.<\/span><\/p>\n

Du har s\u00e4kert redan h\u00f6rt talas om detta test tidigare, fr\u00e5n en l\u00e4kare eller i nyheterna. PCR-testet anv\u00e4nds f\u00f6r att uppt\u00e4cka om viruset finns (eller inte finns) i n\u00e5gons kropp.<\/span><\/p>\n

RT-PCR-testet \u00e4r inte det enda som kan p\u00e5visa viruset, men j\u00e4mf\u00f6rt med andra metoder \u00e4r det det mest exakta och tillf\u00f6rlitliga. Ett annat test \u00e4r det konventionella serologiska testet som detekterar specifika antikroppsniv\u00e5er i blodprover.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bokst\u00e4verna i RT-PCR st\u00e5r f\u00f6r <\/span>Polymeraskedjereaktion med omv\u00e4nd transkription<\/b>Den har anv\u00e4nts i \u00e5rtionden av forskare f\u00f6r att framst\u00e4lla flera kopior av genetiskt material.<\/span><\/p>\n

Med andra ord, i detta fall mer genetiskt material fr\u00e5n SARS-CoV-2, som anv\u00e4nds som fingeravtryck f\u00f6r att bekr\u00e4fta f\u00f6rekomsten av viruset i prover fr\u00e5n n\u00e4sa, \u00f6ron eller saliv som samlats in fr\u00e5n patienter. Om det finns n\u00e5gra virus dolda i provet, \u00e4ven i sm\u00e5 m\u00e4ngder, kommer det att kunna uppt\u00e4ckas p\u00e5 grund av dess copy-paste-cykel. Det \u00e4r d\u00e4rf\u00f6r RT-PCR-testet \u00e4r s\u00e5 tillf\u00f6rlitligt.<\/span><\/p>\n

Testet<\/b> \u00e4r en metod med i princip tv\u00e5 steg i en temperaturcykel, d\u00e4r man kopierar och klistrar in en bit genetiskt material, antingen DNA eller RNA.<\/span><\/p>\n

Testet kr\u00e4ver en <\/span>maskin f\u00f6r termocykling<\/b> som har en exakt <\/span>temperatur- och tidsstyrning<\/b>. Genom flera temperaturcykler kommer virusets genetiska material att \u00f6ka. Ett exempel p\u00e5 en temperaturcykel visas h\u00e4r intill.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Metoden kr\u00e4ver tv\u00e5 huvudsakliga enzymer, det omv\u00e4nda transkriptaset (d\u00e4rav \"RT\" i titeln) och DNA-polymeraset. Vart och ett av dem har en verkningsfas och en funktion. I figuren ovan \u00e4r den gula fasen i cykeln n\u00e4r RT agerar och den r\u00f6da fasen n\u00e4r DNA-polymeraset g\u00f6r sitt jobb.<\/span><\/p>\n

Det f\u00f6rsta enzymet tillverkar den komplement\u00e4ra DNA-str\u00e4ngen fr\u00e5n RNA-viruset, vilket g\u00f6r det m\u00f6jligt f\u00f6r det andra enzymet att utf\u00f6ra arbetet med att kopiera och klistra in fr\u00e5n den nya DNA-str\u00e4ngen, vilket \u00f6kar m\u00e4ngden genetiskt material. Denna amplifiering g\u00f6r det m\u00f6jligt att karakterisera och\/eller manipulera det genetiska materialet, vilket inte skulle vara m\u00f6jligt i en mindre m\u00e4ngd.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

F\u00f6r att allt detta skall kunna ske beh\u00f6ver enzymerna hj\u00e4lp av en liten (eller stor) molekyl som kallas PRIMER. Primerns funktion \u00e4r att ange den plats d\u00e4r enzymet ska b\u00f6rja f\u00f6rl\u00e4nga str\u00e4ngarna, utan den kommer DNA-polymerasets copy-paste-process inte att starta.<\/span><\/p>\n

Primern kan v\u00e4ljas med en slumpm\u00e4ssig eller en specifik form. Det \u00e4r mycket viktigt att k\u00e4nna till v\u00edrus genetiska karta i fall som detta, s\u00e5 att specifika primes kan anv\u00e4ndas f\u00f6r att \u00f6ka effektiviteten och tillf\u00f6rlitligheten i resultaten.<\/span><\/p>\n

Om du \u00e4r nyfiken som vi och vill veta mer om RT-PCR kan du l\u00e4sa mer h\u00e4r\u00a0<\/span> denna vetenskapliga artikel <\/span>h\u00e4r<\/span><\/a>\u00a0 men i huvudsak finns h\u00e4r allt som beh\u00f6vs f\u00f6r att g\u00f6ra testet:<\/span><\/p>\n

Virusets genetiska material, RNA<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Omv\u00e4nt transkriptas och DNA-polymerasenzymer<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

PRIM\u00c4RER<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Nukleosidtrifosfater<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Och fluorescerande rapporteringsf\u00e4rg\u00e4mnen:\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

F\u00f6r att veta resultatet av ett prov som eventuellt \u00e4r kontaminerat med covid-19-virus anv\u00e4nds fluorescerande reporterf\u00e4rg\u00e4mnen i kombination med RT-PCR-testet. Analysen baseras p\u00e5 n\u00e4rvaron eller fr\u00e5nvaron av ett provs fluorescerande signal. Om det inte finns n\u00e5gon signal kan testet bed\u00f6mas som negativt eller falskt negativt. Vid f\u00f6rekomst av en intensiv signal kan testet inte bara anses vara positivt f\u00f6r f\u00f6rekomst av v\u00edrus utan ocks\u00e5 som ett avancerat stadium av sjukdomen.<\/span><\/p>\n

Blanda alla ingredienser och l\u00e4gg det i termocykelmaskinen.\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Testets f\u00f6rsta steg visas i infografiken h\u00e4r intill. RT-enzymet g\u00f6r den f\u00f6rsta kopian av det genetiska materialet hos det virus som finns i provet. D\u00e4refter visas det andra steget i RT-PCR-metoden. Primern anger startpositionen och DNA-polymeraset b\u00f6rjar genom enzymatisk reaktion att f\u00f6rl\u00e4nga DNA-str\u00e4ngarna.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"RT-PCR-test<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Slutligen \u00e4r denna bild en elektronmikroskopisk bild av SARS-CoV-2-viruset, och det \u00e4r m\u00f6jligt att se virusets struktur perfekt. Visst \u00e4r det vackert?\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Testet \u00e4r komplext och inte s\u00e5 enkelt som det verkar, men jag sl\u00e5r vad om att det var mycket l\u00e4ttare att f\u00f6rst\u00e5 den stora bilden av hur det fungerar med infografiken, eller hur?<\/span><\/p>\n

Du kan g\u00f6ra det med vilken vetenskaplig information du vill med hj\u00e4lp av\u00a0<\/span> Mind the Graph<\/span><\/a>. Plattformen \u00e4r till f\u00f6r att ge dig m\u00f6jlighet att b\u00e4ttre kommunicera vetenskaplig information. L\u00e4s mer om hur du anv\u00e4nder plattformen och kontakta oss om du beh\u00f6ver hj\u00e4lp<\/span>!<\/b><\/p>\n

Referens<\/b><\/p>\n

AI, T. et al. Korrelation mellan DT av br\u00f6stkorgen och RT-PCR-testning f\u00f6r coronavirus 2019 (covid-19) i Kina: En rapport om 1014 fall. Radiology, v. 296, n. 2, s. E32-E40, 26 fev. 2020.<\/span><\/p>\n

GIBELLINI, D. et al. Kvantitativ detektion av human immunbristvirus typ 1 (HIV-1) virusbelastning med SYBR green real-time RT-PCR-teknik hos HIV-1 seropositiva patienter. Journal of Virological Methods, v. 115, n. 2, s. 183-189, 1 fev. 2004.<\/span><\/p>\n

JAMES, D. Ett enkelt och tillf\u00f6rlitligt protokoll f\u00f6r detektion av apple stem grooving virus genom RT-PCR och i en multiplex PCR-assay. Journal of Virological Methods, v. 83, n. 1, s. 1-9, 1 dez. 1999.<\/span><\/p>\n

LI, Y. et al. Stabilitetsfr\u00e5gor vid RT-PCR-testning av SARS-CoV-2 f\u00f6r sjukhuspatienter som kliniskt diagnostiserats med COVID-19. Journal of Medical Virology, v. 92, n. 7, s. 903-908, 2020.<\/span><\/p>\n

LIAO, C.-S. et al. RT-PCR-system i miniatyr f\u00f6r diagnos av RNA-baserade virus. Nucleic Acids Research, v. 33, n. 18, s. e156-e156, 1 out. 2005.<\/span><\/p>\n

MOHAN, A. et al. Prevalens av virusinfektion p\u00e5visad med PCR och RT-PCR hos patienter med akut exacerbation av KOL: En systematisk genomg\u00e5ng. Respirology, v. 15, n. 3, s. 536-542, 2010.<\/span><\/p>\n

NOLAN, T.; HANDS, R. E.; BUSTIN, S. A. Kvantifiering av mRNA med hj\u00e4lp av realtids-RT-PCR. Nature Protocols, v. 1, n. 3, s. 1559-1582, f\u00f6rf. 2006.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nytt coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 | Denna transmissionselektronm... | Flickr. Tillg\u00e4nglig p\u00e5: . Tillg\u00e5ng den: 23 juli 2020. <\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":11847,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[388,799,554,798,250],"yoast_head":"\nThe RT-PCR Test for Coronavirus - Mind the Graph Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Read this blog to know everything related to the popular COVID-19 test, RT-PCR or only PCR. 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