{"id":11793,"date":"2020-10-15T05:06:00","date_gmt":"2020-10-15T08:06:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/?p=11793"},"modified":"2022-11-21T09:55:34","modified_gmt":"2022-11-21T12:55:34","slug":"nobel-prize-2020-for-medicine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sv_se\/nobelpris-2020-for-medicin\/","title":{"rendered":"Nobelpriset i medicin 2020 - Uppt\u00e4ckt, diagnos och behandling av hepatit C"},"content":{"rendered":"

Vid en av \u00e5rets globala vetenskapliga h\u00f6jdpunkter i Stockholm den 5 oktober 2020 tilldelades Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin till en grupp virologer och biokemister f\u00f6r uppt\u00e4ckten av hepatit C-viruset. Harvey Alter, Michael Houghton och Charles Rice tilldelas gemensamt Nobelpriset f\u00f6r att ha uppt\u00e4ckt det orsakande viruset och hittat en v\u00e4g till bot av sjukdomen. Medlemmarna i Nobelf\u00f6rsamlingen vid Karolinska institutet kunde inte l\u00e5ta bli att s\u00e4ga att denna uppt\u00e4ckt \u00e4r ett hopp om att utrota den blodburna hepatiten fr\u00e5n v\u00e4rlden.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vid en av \u00e5rets globala vetenskapliga h\u00f6jdpunkter i Stockholm den 5 oktober 2020 tilldelades Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin till en grupp virologer och biokemister f\u00f6r uppt\u00e4ckten av hepatit C-viruset. Harvey Alter, Michael Houghton och Charles Rice tilldelas gemensamt Nobelpriset f\u00f6r att ha uppt\u00e4ckt det orsakande viruset och hittat en v\u00e4g till bot av sjukdomen. Medlemmarna i Nobelf\u00f6rsamlingen vid Karolinska institutet kunde inte l\u00e5ta bli att s\u00e4ga att denna uppt\u00e4ckt \u00e4r ett hopp om att utrota den blodburna hepatiten fr\u00e5n v\u00e4rlden.<\/span><\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

Vad \u00e4r hepatit?<\/b><\/h2>\n

Ordet hepatit har sitt ursprung i det grekiska ordet \"Hepar\" som syftar p\u00e5 levern. Hepatit \u00e4r ett medicinskt tillst\u00e5nd d\u00e4r levern hos en individ \u00e4r inflammerad p\u00e5 grund av antingen berusning eller virusinfektion. Hepatitsjukdomen k\u00e4nnetecknas av gulsot, cirros, feber och f\u00f6rstorad lever. Bland de smitt\u00e4mnen som orsakar hepatit \u00f6verf\u00f6rs hepatit A-virus genom f\u00f6rorenat vatten, medan hepatit B och C \u00f6verf\u00f6rs genom blod och kroppsv\u00e4tskor.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hur uppt\u00e4cktes den?<\/b><\/h2>\n

Efter uppt\u00e4ckten av hepatit B hade Alter och hans team observerat flera of\u00f6rklarliga leverinfektioner och kronisk hepatit efter blodtransfusion. I sina efterf\u00f6ljande studier bevisade de tv\u00e5 viktiga fakta, n\u00e4mligen att det ok\u00e4nda smitt\u00e4mnet kunde \u00f6verf\u00f6ra sjukdomen till schimpanser och att smitt\u00e4mnet hade egenskaper som ett virus men inte som hepatit A eller B. Alters bidrag till virologiomr\u00e5det fungerade som ljus i den m\u00f6rka stormiga natten med fall av leverinfektioner. Men viruset var inte identifierat och inte karakteriserat av n\u00e5gon virusfamilj och inte klassificerat.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bidrag f\u00f6r identifiering och v\u00e4g f\u00f6r utrotning<\/b><\/h2>\n

Med h\u00f6g sjuklighet och d\u00f6dlighet har forskarna under \u00e5rens lopp varit angel\u00e4gna om att identifiera och karakterisera det \"ok\u00e4nda\" hepatitliknande viruset och dess orsakande agens. Efter att ha provat alla traditionella tekniker och misslyckats, kunde de med hj\u00e4lp av Houghtons innovativa tillv\u00e4gag\u00e5ngss\u00e4tt vid Chiron Pharmaceuticals identifiera och klona DNA-fragment som ansvarar f\u00f6r bildandet av virusproteiner. Efter omfattande f\u00f6rberedelser av DNA-bibliotek och s\u00f6kning av klonen kunde Houghton och hans team slutligen identifiera likheten med familjen Flaviviridae och d\u00f6pa det till Hepatit C-virus. Deras forskning gav ocks\u00e5 ett testf\u00f6rfarande f\u00f6r att identifiera den orsakande agensen med antikroppar som identifierades.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Det slutliga beviset f\u00f6r att hepatit C kan vara den enda ansvariga agenten f\u00f6r leverinfektion var ett resultat av omfattande forskning av Rice vid Washington University i St. Med hj\u00e4lp av rekombinant DNA-teknik genererade Rice och hans team en genomisk variant av hepatit C-viruset som inte hade n\u00e5gra inaktiverande sekvenser och injicerade den i primater. Resultaten visade att varianterna kunde leda till kronisk leversjukdom och \u00e5terspeglade alla patologiska f\u00f6r\u00e4ndringar. Med alla de nyligen identifierade sekvenserna och inaktiverande regionerna gav de hopp om att kunna skapa r\u00e4tt terapeutiska medel mot hepatit C-viruset.<\/span><\/p>\n

Konsekvenser av uppt\u00e4ckten<\/b><\/h2>\n

V\u00e4rlden har blivit en krigsfront med covid-19-pandemin. Med uppt\u00e4ckten av antivirala l\u00e4kemedel, dess diagnostik och identifieringsuppt\u00e4ckter \u00e4r hepatit C och relaterade prestationer anm\u00e4rkningsv\u00e4rda fotsp\u00e5r inom virologi och medicin. V\u00e4rldsh\u00e4lsoorganisationen har satt upp som m\u00e5l att utrota hepatit C-viruset inom tio \u00e5r fr\u00e5n och med nu. Dessa uppt\u00e4ckter \u00e4r spr\u00e5ngbr\u00e4dor mot detta m\u00e5l. Det finns dock utmaningar att \u00f6vervinna och ett vaccin har \u00e4nnu inte tagits fram, men en strimma av hopp har kommit i form av detektions- och behandlingssystem f\u00f6r att bek\u00e4mpa sjukdomen.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mind the Graph-teamet gratulerar trion av forskare, universitet och deras grupper f\u00f6r deras prestation! \u00c5rtionden av forskning och h\u00e5rt arbete har gett m\u00e4nskligheten en ny v\u00e4g f\u00f6r att besegra en d\u00f6dlig virussjukdom.<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":11817,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[554],"yoast_head":"\nNobel Prize in Medicine 2020 - Diagnosis and Cure of Hepatitis C<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The recent findings in Hepatitis C have been acclaimed for the Nobel Prize in 2020 in Chemistry. 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