{"id":11788,"date":"2020-10-19T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-10-19T11:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/?p=11788"},"modified":"2022-11-21T09:55:34","modified_gmt":"2022-11-21T12:55:34","slug":"crispr-duo-wins-nobel-prize-2020-for-chemistry","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sv_se\/crispr-duo-vinner-nobelpris-2020-for-kemi\/","title":{"rendered":"CRISPR DUO stj\u00e4l showen: Nobelpriset i kemi 2020"},"content":{"rendered":"

Precision \u00e4r en forskares varum\u00e4rke. Emmanuelle Charpentier och Jennifer Doudna l\u00e4mnade inga stenar ov\u00e4nda och uppt\u00e4ckte det revolutionerande verktyget inom genteknik som kallas CRISPR\/Cas9, \"den genetiska saxen\". Pionj\u00e4rerna, Emmanuelle Charpentier och Jennifer Doudna, bakom detta livsf\u00f6r\u00e4ndrande verktyg bel\u00f6nas med Nobelpriset i kemi 2020. Deras uppfinning 2012 ledde till otaliga uppt\u00e4ckter inom viktiga omr\u00e5den som cancerforskning, v\u00e4xtforskning och botemedel mot \u00e4rftliga sjukdomar. CRISPR\/Cas9-verktyget har gjort det enklare att redigera de genetiska sekvenserna p\u00e5 exakt r\u00e4tt plats och p\u00e5 kortare tid. Uppt\u00e4ckten har f\u00f6r\u00e4ndrat synen p\u00e5 biovetenskap. Det \u00e4r en spr\u00e5ngbr\u00e4da f\u00f6r en ny era inom genetik som kommer att gynna alla levande.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Vad \u00e4r CRISPR\/Cas9 och hur uppt\u00e4cktes det?<\/span><\/h2>\n

CISPR\/CAS9 \u00e4r ett genredigeringsverktyg som anv\u00e4nds f\u00f6r att klippa av en DNA-sekvens p\u00e5 exakt den plats som \u00e4r av intresse. CRISPR st\u00e5r f\u00f6r Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats och Cas9 \u00e4r ett enzym som hj\u00e4lper till att klippa sekvensen. CRISPR har tv\u00e5 huvudfunktioner som \u00e4r nukleotidrepetitionerna och distanserna. I CRISPR fungerar nukleotidsekvenserna vanligtvis som mallstr\u00e4ngar f\u00f6r att transkribera ett komplement\u00e4rt RNA, som s\u00e5 sm\u00e5ningom kallades CRISPR RNA (cr RNA). Emmanuelle Charpentier och Jennifer Doudna var de f\u00f6rsta som uppt\u00e4ckte dessa spacers och repeaters. De uppt\u00e4ckte ocks\u00e5 att Cas9-enzymet, som hj\u00e4lpte till att klippa av DNA-sekvensen, band till en annan RNA-molekyl. De tv\u00e5 molekylerna, cr-RNA och transaktiverande cr-RNA, hj\u00e4lpte Cas9 att klippa vid m\u00e5lst\u00e4llet i det dubbelstr\u00e4ngade DNA:t.<\/span><\/p>\n

Uppt\u00e4ckten gjordes av Emmanuelle Charpentier n\u00e4r hon observerade streptokockbakteriens immunf\u00f6rsvar mot viruset. Det som fascinerade henne mest var hur en RNA-molekyl som fanns i bakterien hade en mycket lik genetisk kod som bakteriens CRISPR. Efter att ha analyserat de tv\u00e5 sekvenserna visade det sig att RNA-molekylen matchade den repeterande delen av CRISPR. Efter ytterligare forskning fann hon att den lilla RNA-molekylen aktiverade RNA-sekvensen i n\u00e4rvaro av Cas9. RNA-sekvensen var resultatet av CRISPR-sekvensen. Denna molekyl kallades f\u00f6r det transaktiverande CRISPR-RNA:t. N\u00e4r en bakterie infekteras av ett virus l\u00e4gger bakterien till virusets DNA i sin arvsmassa vid CRISPR-regionen som ett minne. Detta hj\u00e4lper bakterien att f\u00f6rhindra ytterligare nya infektioner. Detta CRISPR-DNA kopieras sedan f\u00f6r att skapa CRISPR-RNA som ska klyvas f\u00f6r att bilda virus-DNA som hj\u00e4lper till att k\u00e4nna igen det fr\u00e4mmande virus-DNA:t.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Senare analyserade Jennifer Doudna om det virala DNA:t kunde identifieras med hj\u00e4lp av CRISPR RNA och enzymmolekylen Cas9. Efter flera experiment kunde de fortfarande inte identifiera det och ins\u00e5g att det var n\u00e5got som saknades. N\u00e4sta g\u00e5ng de genomf\u00f6rde experimentet lade de d\u00e4rf\u00f6r \u00e4ven till den transaktiverande cr-RNA-molekylen som uppt\u00e4ckts av Emmanuelle. Till deras f\u00f6rv\u00e5ning identifierades det virala DNA:t som ledde till den nya aeon som skulle komma.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Idag har CRISPR\/Cas9 \u00f6ppnat upp f\u00f6r nya s\u00e4tt att leva. Det anv\u00e4nds inom olika vetenskapliga omr\u00e5den. Detta verktyg har varit evolution\u00e4rt inom den medicinska vetenskapen. Idag arbetar forskarna f\u00f6r att f\u00e5 slut p\u00e5 \u00e4rftliga sjukdomar som har p\u00e5verkat m\u00e4nskligheten mest. Det andra omr\u00e5det d\u00e4r detta verktyg anv\u00e4nds \u00e4r jordbruk f\u00f6r att modifiera v\u00e4xten till infektionsresistent, i l\u00e4kemedelsutveckling, i genterapi och m\u00e5nga fler. Med en reglerad och etisk anv\u00e4ndning av detta verktyg kan m\u00e4nskligheten uppleva en gr\u00e4nsl\u00f6s v\u00e4rld.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Referens\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/prizes\/chemistry\/2020\/popular-information\/<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":11824,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[554],"yoast_head":"\nThe CRISPR DUO Steals The Show: Nobel Prize 2020 in Chemistry - Mind the Graph Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In 2020, many discoveries are accoladed with Nobel Prize and CRISPR DUO in Chemistry is one of them. 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