{"id":8540,"date":"2019-03-26T14:24:36","date_gmt":"2019-03-26T17:24:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.mindthegraph.com\/?p=8540"},"modified":"2022-10-18T16:28:05","modified_gmt":"2022-10-18T19:28:05","slug":"urinary-system-diseases","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sl\/bolezni-secil\/","title":{"rendered":"Bolezni se\u010dil: Infografike za razumevanje"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Urinski sistem sodeluje s plju\u010di, ko\u017eo in \u010drevesjem pri vzdr\u017eevanju ravnovesja kemikalij in vode v telesu. Odrasli izlo\u010dijo pribli\u017eno 27 do 68 teko\u010dih un\u010d (800 do 2.000 mililitrov) na dan. Ti podatki temeljijo na tipi\u010dnem dnevnem vnosu 68 un\u010d (2 litra) teko\u010dine, National Institutes of Health (NIH). Poleg tega so drugi dejavniki delovanja se\u010dil \u0161e teko\u010dina, ki jo izgubimo s potenjem in dihanjem. Poleg tega lahko na koli\u010dino urina, ki ga oseba proizvede in izlo\u010di, vplivajo tudi nekatere vrste zdravil, na primer diuretiki, ki se v\u010dasih uporabljajo za zdravljenje visokega krvnega tlaka. Tudi nekatere pija\u010de, kot sta kava in alkohol, lahko pri nekaterih ljudeh povzro\u010dijo pove\u010dano uriniranje. Kadar se\u010dni organ predstavlja nepravilno delovanje, se lahko razvijejo bolezni se\u010dnega sistema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Urinski sistem sestavljajo vsi organi, ki sodelujejo pri nastajanju in izlo\u010danju urina. Ti organi so ledvice, se\u010devodi, mehur in se\u010dnica. Vendar se bom v tem prispevku osredoto\u010dil na ledvice, saj so odgovorne za nastajanje urina. Zato si pred pogovorom o boleznih se\u010dil oglejmo zdravo zgradbo ledvic:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/science_figures\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"896\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.mindthegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/preview_69786-1024x896.png\" alt=\"predogled_69786\" class=\"wp-image-8561\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/preview_69786-1024x896.png 1024w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/preview_69786-300x263.png 300w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/preview_69786-768x672.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Ledvici sta dva fi\u017eolasta organa pri vreten\u010darjih. Nefron je strukturna in funkcionalna enota ledvic. Vsaka ledvica odraslega \u010dloveka vsebuje pribli\u017eno 1 milijon nefronov. Ledvica sodeluje pri nadzoru volumna razli\u010dnih telesnih teko\u010din, osmolalnosti teko\u010din, kislinsko-bazi\u010dnega ravnovesja, razli\u010dnih koncentracij elektrolitov in odstranjevanja toksinov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-1 wp-block-buttons\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link\" href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/science_figures\">Ustvarjanje u\u010dinkovitih znanstvenih figur v nekaj minutah<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2><strong>Bolezni se\u010dil&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3><strong>Megaureterji<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Megaureter (\"velik se\u010devod\") se pojavi, kadar je se\u010devod \u0161ir\u0161i od obi\u010dajnega. To je lahko posledica nepravilnosti samega se\u010devoda (primarna) ali blokade mehurja (sekundarna). Razli\u010dne vrste megaureterjev so opisane v nadaljevanju.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Primarni obstruktivni megaureter<\/strong><br> Pri tej vrsti je se\u010dnica na mestu, kjer vstopa v mehur, pretanka. Ta blokada povzro\u010di, da se se\u010dnica \u0161e bolj raz\u0161iri. O\u017eenje lahko s\u010dasoma po\u0161koduje ledvico. Te\u017eavo je mogo\u010de odpraviti s kirur\u0161kim posegom. Pomembno je, da spremljate zdravstvenega delavca, tudi \u010de se simptomi izbolj\u0161ajo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Sekundarni megaurniki<\/strong><br>\nGre za megaureterje, ki se pojavijo kot posledica drugih zdravstvenih te\u017eav. Nekatere od teh zdravstvenih te\u017eav, ki povzro\u010dajo megaurete, so:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>zadnje uretralne zaklopke (blokada v mo\u0161ki se\u010dnici).<\/li><li>sindrom trebu\u0161ne slive<\/li><li>nevrogeni mehur (spina bifida, po\u0161kodba hrbtenja\u010de itd.)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/science_figures\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.mindthegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/preview_69789-1024x768.png\" alt=\"predogled_69789\" class=\"wp-image-8562\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/preview_69789-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/preview_69789-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/preview_69789-768x576.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-2 wp-block-buttons\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link\" href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/science_figures\">Ste pripravljeni, da za\u010dnete delati v Mind the Graph?<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3><strong>Bolezni ledvic<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>V ve\u010dini primerov lahko druge zdravstvene te\u017eave povzro\u010dijo odpoved ledvic, saj s\u010dasoma postopoma povzro\u010dijo trajno okvaro ledvic. Ko so ledvice po\u0161kodovane, torej ne delujejo ve\u010d tako dobro, kot bi morale. \u010ce se po\u0161kodbe \u0161e naprej slab\u0161ajo, lahko bolnik razvije kroni\u010dno ledvi\u010dno bolezen. Kroni\u010dna ledvi\u010dna bolezen po\u0161koduje nefrone po\u010dasi, ve\u010d let. Poleg tega je odpoved ledvic zadnja (najhuj\u0161a) stopnja kroni\u010dne ledvi\u010dne bolezni. Zato odpoved ledvic imenujemo tudi kon\u010dna faza ledvi\u010dne bolezni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ve\u010dina bolezni se\u010dil napada nefrone. Zaradi te po\u0161kodbe ledvice ne morejo odstranjevati odpadnih snovi. Vzroki so lahko genetske te\u017eave, po\u0161kodbe ali zdravila. Tveganje za bolezen ledvic je ve\u010dje, \u010de imate sladkorno bolezen, visok krvni tlak ali bli\u017enjega dru\u017einskega \u010dlana z boleznijo ledvic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/science_figures\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.mindthegraph.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/preview_69819-1024x768.png\" alt=\"predogled_69819\" class=\"wp-image-8564\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/preview_69819-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/preview_69819-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/preview_69819-768x576.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-3 wp-block-buttons\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link\" href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/science_figures\">Pridobite prepoznavnost s programom Mind The Graph<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2><strong>Kako prikazati znanstvene podatke s \u010dudovitimi grafi\u010dnimi izvle\u010dki<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Vse te podatke sem ustvaril s pomo\u010djo grafa. \u010ce \u017eelite izbolj\u0161ati svojo komunikacijo v znanosti, lahko za ustvarjanje grafi\u010dnih povzetkov uporabite tudi program mind the graph. Poleg tega lahko v programu Mind the graph ustvarjate predstavitve in znanstvene plakate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Urinski sistem sodeluje s plju\u010di, ko\u017eo in \u010drevesjem pri vzdr\u017eevanju ravnovesja kemikalij in vode v telesu. Odrasli izlo\u010dijo pribli\u017eno 27 do 68 teko\u010dih un\u010d (800 do 2.000 mililitrov) na dan. Ti podatki temeljijo na tipi\u010dnem dnevnem vnosu 68 un\u010d (2 litra) teko\u010dine, National Institutes of Health (NIH). Poleg tega [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":8568,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":[],"categories":[193,66,958],"tags":[96,51,777],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Urinary system diseases: Infographics to understand - Mind the Graph Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The urinary system maintain the balance of chemicals and water in the body. 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