{"id":26914,"date":"2023-02-27T12:44:00","date_gmt":"2023-02-27T15:44:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/what-is-stargazing-copy\/"},"modified":"2023-02-28T18:06:09","modified_gmt":"2023-02-28T21:06:09","slug":"earthquake-magnitude","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sl\/magnituda-potresa\/","title":{"rendered":"Razumevanje magnitude potresov in njihovih posledic"},"content":{"rendered":"

Potresi so zelo raz\u0161irjen naravni pojav, ki se redno dogaja po vsem svetu. Po podatkih Geolo\u0161ke slu\u017ebe Zdru\u017eenih dr\u017eav Amerike (USGS) se vsako leto zgodi ve\u010d sto tiso\u010d potresov, od katerih je ve\u010dina pre\u0161ibkih, da bi jih ljudje opazili. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pogostost potresov se mo\u010dno razlikuje glede na kraj nastanka. Nekatere lokacije, kot sta Kalifornija in Japonska, se zaradi svoje lege na mejah aktivnih plo\u0161\u010d redno potresajo, medtem ko se na drugih lokacijah potresi pojavljajo le ob\u010dasno.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Potresi so pogosti tudi v Siriji in Tur\u010diji. Tur\u010dija le\u017ei na meji med afri\u0161ko in evrazijsko tektonsko plo\u0161\u010do, Sirija pa na meji med afri\u0161ko in arabsko tektonsko plo\u0161\u010do. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zato so se 6. februarja 2023 soo\u010dili z grozljivim potresom, v katerem je umrlo ve\u010d kot 11.000 ljudi, \u0161e ve\u010d deset tiso\u010d pa jih je bilo ranjenih. Magnituda potresa je bila 7,8, kar velja za zelo mo\u010dan in potencialno uni\u010dujo\u010d potres. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kaj je magnituda potresa?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Magnituda potresa je merilo velikosti ali mo\u010di potresa, ki se uporablja za prikaz koli\u010dine energije, ki jo potres povzro\u010di. Magnituda se izra\u010duna na podlagi velikosti seizmi\u010dnih valov in koli\u010dine opazovanega gibanja tal. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Richterjeva lestvica, ki jo je v tridesetih letih 20. stoletja oblikoval Charles Richter, je bila dolga leta tradicionalno merilo za magnitudo potresov, vendar jo je trenutno nadomestila lestvica Moment Magnitude. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kako izmeriti magnitudo potresa? <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Obstaja veliko metod za merjenje magnitude potresa in vsak pristop daje druga\u010dno oceno velikosti potresa. V nadaljevanju so predstavljeni najbolj raz\u0161irjeni pristopi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Richterjeva lestvica<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Richterjeva lestvica temelji na najve\u010djem seizmi\u010dnem valu, ki ga zabele\u017ei seizmometer, in ponuja eno samo vrednost, ki opisuje celotno magnitudo potresa. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Je logaritemski, kar pomeni, da se z majhnim pove\u010danjem magnitude znatno pove\u010da velikost potresa. Potres z magnitudo 7,0 je na primer desetkrat ve\u010dji od potresa z magnitudo 6,0 in stokrat ve\u010dji od potresa z magnitudo 5,0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Richterjeva lestvica obsega od 0 do 9 magnitud, pri \u010demer \u0161tevilk pod 2,0 ljudje obi\u010dajno ne ob\u010dutijo, \u0161tevilke nad 8,0 pa veljajo za velike potrese, ki lahko povzro\u010dijo veliko \u0161kodo in katastrofo. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lestvica magnitude trenutka<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Momentna magnitudna lestvica je bila uvedena kot alternativa Richterjevi lestvici za dolo\u010danje magnitude potresa. Momentna magnitudna lestvica v nasprotju z Richterjevo lestvico ocenjuje celotno energijo, ki jo povzro\u010di potres. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Temelji na konceptu seizmi\u010dnega momenta, ki je velikost potresa odvisna od koli\u010dine zdrsa (gibanja) na prelomu, povr\u0161ine preloma, ki je zdrsnila, in togosti zemeljske skorje. Seizmi\u010dni moment je ustvarjen na podlagi meritev seizmi\u010dnih valov in se uporablja za oceno magnitude potresa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Momentova magnitudna lestvica je tako kot Richterjeva lestvica logaritemska, kar pomeni, da majhno pove\u010danje magnitude pomeni veliko pove\u010danje velikosti potresa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Momentova magnitudna lestvica sega od -2,0 do 9,0 in je najpogosteje uporabljena potresna lestvica, saj meri velikost potresa natan\u010dneje kot Richterjeva lestvica, zlasti pri velikih potresih, ki se zgodijo na precej\u0161nji globini.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Ilustracija je na voljo v Mind the Graph<\/a><\/strong><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n
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<\/a>Mercallijeva lestvica<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Mercallijeva lestvica je lestvica jakosti potresa, ki prikazuje posledice potresa na zemeljsko skorjo ter na posameznike, stavbe in druge strukture. Mercallijeva lestvica se pogosto uporablja v kombinaciji z Richterjevo lestvico ali lestvico magnitude, ki se uporabljata za dolo\u010ditev magnitude potresa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lestvica temelji na sistemu rimskih \u0161tevilk od I do XII, pri \u010demer I pomeni \u0161ibke tresljaje, ki jih ljudje ne ob\u010dutijo, XII pa izjemno mo\u010dne tresljaje, ki povzro\u010dijo obse\u017eno \u0161kodo in uni\u010denje. Upo\u0161teva vrsto povr\u0161ja, na katerem se zgodi potres, vrsto prizadetih struktur in obseg povzro\u010denega uni\u010denja.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mercallijeva lestvica in lestvica magnitude ali Richterjeva lestvica skupaj omogo\u010data celovitej\u0161e razumevanje potresa, ki vklju\u010duje tako njegovo mo\u010d kot vpliv. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010ce se na primer potres z ve\u010djo magnitudo zgodi na manj poseljenem obmo\u010dju ali \u010de so tla manj dovzetna za po\u0161kodbe, morda ne bo povzro\u010dil tolik\u0161ne \u0161kode kot potres z manj\u0161o magnitudo na zelo poseljenem obmo\u010dju ali \u010de so tla zelo dovzetna za po\u0161kodbe, je lahko \u0161koda v tem primeru ve\u010dja. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zato je kombinacija obeh lestvic lahko najbolj\u0161i pristop, saj Mercallijeva lestvica temelji na opa\u017eanjih posameznikov, ki so do\u017eiveli potres in poro\u010dali o posledicah, ki so jih videli.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kako najti epicenter potresa?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Seizmologi za dolo\u010ditev epicentra potresa uporabljajo tehniko, znano kot triangulacija. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osnovna zamisel triangulacije je, da potresni seizmi\u010dni valovi potujejo z razli\u010dno hitrostjo skozi razli\u010dne materiale in v razli\u010dnem \u010dasu prispejo na seizmografske postaje, ki so razli\u010dno oddaljene od epicentra. Seizmologi lahko ocenijo polo\u017eaj epicentra tako, da preu\u010dijo \u010das prihoda seizmi\u010dnih valov na ve\u010d seizmografskih lokacij.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Intenzivnost potresa<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Magnituda<\/th>Intenzivnost<\/th>U\u010dinek<\/th>Povpre\u010dna stopnja potresov<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
2,0 ali manj<\/strong><\/td>Mikro<\/td>Redko se \u010duti<\/td>Ve\u010d kot milijoni na leto<\/td><\/tr>
2,0 do 2,9<\/strong><\/td>Manj\u0161i<\/td>Rahlo \u010dutiti<\/td>Ve\u010d kot milijon na leto<\/td><\/tr>
3,0 do 3,9<\/strong><\/td>Ve\u010d kot manj\u0161i<\/td>Pogosto se po\u010dutili<\/td>Ve\u010d kot sto tiso\u010d na leto<\/td><\/tr>
4,0 do 4,9<\/strong><\/td>Svetloba<\/td>Ob\u010duti ve\u010dina ljudi<\/td>Ve\u010d kot deset tiso\u010d na leto<\/td><\/tr>
5,0 do 5,9<\/strong><\/td>Zmerno<\/td>Lahko po\u0161koduje slabe strukture<\/td>Ve\u010d kot tiso\u010d na leto<\/td><\/tr>
6,0 do 6,9<\/strong><\/td>Mo\u010dan<\/td>Povzro\u010da \u0161kodo na zmernih dobro grajenih strukturah<\/td>Ve\u010d kot sto na leto<\/td><\/tr>
7,0 do 7,9<\/strong><\/td>Glavni<\/td>Povzro\u010da \u0161kodo na ve\u010dini stavb<\/td>Deset do dvajset na leto<\/td><\/tr>
8,0 do 8,9<\/strong><\/td>Odli\u010dno<\/td>Ve\u010dja \u0161koda na stavbah<\/td>Enkrat na leto<\/td><\/tr>
9,0 ali ve\u010d<\/strong><\/td>Najve\u010dji<\/td>Lahko se zru\u0161ijo vse stavbe.<\/td>Enkrat na deset ali ve\u010d let<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Specializirani smo za grafi\u010dne izvle\u010dke, znanstvene \u0161tevilke, ki jih pripravljajo znanstveniki.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Grafi\u010dni povzetki lahko znanstvenikom pomagajo pri posredovanju zapletenih konceptov, poudarjajo klju\u010dne ugotovitve, pove\u010dujejo mo\u017enost odkrivanja raziskav in spodbujajo multidisciplinarno delo. Znanstveniki lahko z uporabo grafi\u010dnih povzetkov svoje \u0161tudije naredijo bolj dostopne in razumljive, kar lahko pripomore k vsesplo\u0161nemu napredku na podro\u010dju znanosti. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010ce potrebujete preprosto orodje za ustvarjanje grafi\u010dnih izvle\u010dkov, uporabite orodje Mind The Graph, ki je uporabniku prijazno in omogo\u010da izdelavo grafike profesionalne kakovosti vsem, tudi tistim z omejenimi oblikovalskimi sposobnostmi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u010cas je, da razumemo magnitudo potresa, najpogosteje uporabljene lestvice in kako lahko z njimi napovemo resnost dogodka.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":28,"featured_media":26924,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nUnderstanding Earthquake Magnitudes and Their Impact<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"It's time to understand the earthquake magnitude, the most often used scales, and how they might predict the severity of an event.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sl\/wielkosc-trzesienia-ziemi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sl_SI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Understanding Earthquake Magnitudes and Their Impact\" 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