{"id":16223,"date":"2022-08-01T09:39:24","date_gmt":"2022-08-01T12:39:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/anatomical-position-copy\/"},"modified":"2023-03-31T09:14:06","modified_gmt":"2023-03-31T12:14:06","slug":"animal-cell-diagram","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sl\/diagram-zivalskih-celic\/","title":{"rendered":"Diagram \u017eivalske celice: Kaj je, zgradba in vrste?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Anatomske polo\u017eaje uporabljamo za opis telesa, ker so referen\u010dna to\u010dka. Uporabljamo jih lahko podobno kot standardizacijska orodja za opis polo\u017eaja organizma. Zdravniki ne morejo razpravljati o telesih pacientov, ne da bi imeli splo\u0161no znanje o anatomskem polo\u017eaju, kar je v medicini \u0161e posebej pomembno.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Za vsako vrsto organizma obstaja standardni anatomski polo\u017eaj. V tem \u010dlanku bomo izvedeli ve\u010d o anatomskih polo\u017eajih in zakaj so tako pomembni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2><strong>Kaj je \u017eivalska celica?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u017divalske celice so sestavljene iz evkariontskih celic z jedrom, ki je vezano na membrano. Skupina celic se mora zdru\u017eiti v tkiva, organe in organske sisteme. \u017divalske celice so razli\u010dnih oblik in velikosti, od nekaj mikronov do nekaj centimetrov. Najve\u010dja znana \u017eivalska celica je na primer strunjevo jajce, ki meri 170 mm krat 130 mm. Zato lahko sklepamo, da na velikost celice vpliva dejavnost, ki jo opravlja.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u017divalske celice veljajo za ve\u010dceli\u010dne organizme. Imajo tudi gibalne lastnosti in dobro organizirane celi\u010dne organele, ki opravljajo razli\u010dne naloge, vklju\u010dno s plazemsko membrano, centriolom, peroksisomom, lizosomom, ribosomi, mitohondriji, endoplazemskim retikulumom, citoplazmo, jedrom, nukleolom, jedrno ovojnico in Golgijevim aparatom.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Glede na to, da so rastlinske in \u017eivalske celice evkarionti, je obema celicama skupnih nekaj celi\u010dnih organelov. Vsi ti organeli imajo zelo podobne funkcije. Vendar pa \u017eivalske in rastlinske celice niso videti povsem primerljive ali ne vsebujejo vseh enakih organelov, saj imajo razli\u010dne funkcije. Na primer, \u010deprav \u017eivalske celice ne potrebujejo kloroplastov, jih rastline potrebujejo za fotosintezo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u017divalske celice so pogosto manj\u0161e od rastlinskih in imajo nepravilne oblike, kar je \u0161e ena razlika med rastlinskimi in \u017eivalskimi celicami. Ta nepravilna oblika je posledica odsotnosti celi\u010dne stene.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/preview_457847.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/preview_457847.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16227\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Izdelano z Mind the Graph<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h2><strong>Zakaj uporabiti diagram za \u017eivalske celice?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Na splo\u0161no lahko diagrami pomagajo bralcu pri razumevanju va\u0161ih rezultatov in njihovi primerjavi z drugimi dejstvi. V resnici se pri posredovanju nekaterih oblik informacij, zlasti gostih, diagrami uporabljajo pogosteje kot besedilo.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Slike so za na\u0161e mo\u017egane la\u017eje razumljive kot besede, saj so se na\u0161i mo\u017egani razvili za vizualno prebiranje informacij.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zato je diagram \u017eivalske celice uporaben za bolj\u0161e razumevanje zgradbe in funkcij \u017eivali, saj vsebuje precej zapletenih in nepogre\u0161ljivih informacij.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2><strong>Strukture \u017eivalskih celic<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u017divalska celica vsebuje ve\u010d delov, v tej temi pa boste spoznali vse elemente zgradbe \u017eivalske celice, ki jih je treba prepoznati pri projekciji diagrama.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><strong>Celi\u010dna membrana<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>To je tanka, z lipidi in beljakovinami bogata membrana, ki pokriva polprepustno celico. Njena glavna naloga je za\u0161\u010dita celice pred okolico. Prav tako uravnava, kako hranila in druge drobne snovi vstopajo v celico in iz nje izstopajo. Zaradi tega se celi\u010dne membrane imenujejo polprepustne ali selektivno prepustne membrane.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><strong>Jedro<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>To je organel, ki vsebuje ve\u010d razli\u010dnih podorganelov, vklju\u010dno s kromatini, nukleolom in nukleosomi. Genetski material DNK se nahaja v obmo\u010dju nukleusa nukleola. Jedrna membrana lo\u010duje jedro od preostalih delov celice. Nadzoruje tudi na\u010din delitve in razvoja celic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><strong>Jedrna membrana<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Jedrna membrana ovija jedro, kot je bilo \u017ee povedano. Gre za dvomembransko strukturo, znano tudi kot jedrska ovojnica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><strong>Centrosomi<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>To je majhen organel, ki se nahaja v bli\u017eini jedra. Njegovo gosto sredi\u0161\u010de obdajajo sevajo\u010di kanal\u010dki. Mikrotubuli se tvorijo v centrosomih.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><strong>Lizosomi<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>To so z membrano zaprti sferi\u010dni organeli, ki vsebujejo prebavne encime, ki ne podpirajo le prebave, temve\u010d tudi obnavljanje celic in izlo\u010danje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><strong>Ribosomi<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>To so majhni organeli, v katerih nastajajo beljakovine in so sestavljeni iz citoplazemskih zrnc, bogatih z RNK. Vidimo jih lahko plavajo\u010de v citoplazmi celice ali pa so vezani na membrane endoplazemskega retikuluma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><strong>Citoplazma<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Je snov, ki je sestavljena iz vseh celi\u010dnih organelov in je za\u0161\u010ditena s celi\u010dno membrano, ki je podobna \u017eeleju. Snov, ki jo najdemo znotraj celi\u010dne jedrne membrane, je znana kot nukleoplazma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><strong>Golgijev aparat<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Plo\u0161\u010dat, ve\u010dplasten, vre\u010di podoben organel, ki proizvaja, shranjuje, prena\u0161a in pakira delce po celici in se nahaja v bli\u017eini jedra. Beljakovine sestavlja v vezikle, potem ko jih prejme iz endoplazemskega retikuluma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><strong>Mitohondrion<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Gre za organel z dvojno membrano, ki je kroglaste ali pali\u010daste oblike. Je celi\u010dna elektrarna, saj je klju\u010dnega pomena pri spro\u0161\u010danju energije. Energija se spro\u0161\u010da v obliki ATP med procesom celi\u010dnega dihanja.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><strong>Vacuole<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>To je notranji organel celice z membrano, ki ji pomaga ohranjati obliko in shranjevati stvari, kot so hrana, voda, odpadki in druge stvari.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><strong>Nucleopore<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Te mikroskopske perforacije v membrani omogo\u010dajo prehod nukleinskih kislin in beljakovin skozi jedrno membrano.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2><strong>Vrste \u017eivalskih celic<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u017divalske celice so razli\u010dnih vrst, vsaka pa ima svojo specifi\u010dno funkcijo. Najpogostej\u0161e vrste \u017eivalskih celic so naslednje:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><strong>Ko\u017ene celice<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ko\u017ene celice iz tkiv, ki \u0161\u010ditijo zunanji svet pred telesom. Vsebuje Merklove celice, Langerhansove celice, melanocite in keratinocite.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><strong>Mi\u0161i\u010dne celice<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Te podalj\u0161ane cevaste celice olaj\u0161ajo gibanje. Vklju\u010dujejo skeletne, sr\u010dne in gladke mi\u0161i\u010dne celice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><strong>Krvne celice<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Te celice skrbijo za prenos kisika iz plju\u010d v druge dele telesa. Vklju\u010duje rde\u010de krvni\u010dke, ki nimajo jedra, in bele krvni\u010dke, ki pomagajo v boju proti oku\u017ebam.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><strong>Nervne celice<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ti nevroni, znani tudi kot \u017eiv\u010dne celice, so del \u017eiv\u010dnega sistema. Raz\u0161iritve, ki prena\u0161ajo ali sprejemajo signale, se imenujejo dendriti in aksoni. Njegov del so tudi glialne celice in Schwannove celice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><strong>Ma\u0161\u010dobne celice<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Te celice, pogosto imenovane adipociti, so namenjene shranjevanju lipidov in drugih vrst ma\u0161\u010dob.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2><strong>Orodje za izdelavo znanstveno natan\u010dnih infografik v nekaj minutah<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u010ce \u017eelite pove\u010dati vizualno privla\u010dnost in avtoriteto svojega dela, uporabite odli\u010dno orodje za izdelavo infografik in <a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/science_figures\">znanstvene \u0161tevilke<\/a> ki imajo pomemben vpliv. Izbirate lahko med razli\u010dnimi postavitvami in edinstvenimi znanstvenimi informacijami, prilagojenimi zahtevam skupnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Izdelava grafi\u010dnega povzetka celi\u010dne signalne poti\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/QjUKXPWGrSg?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Spoznajte, kaj je \u017eivalska celica, njene sestavne dele in kako ustvariti uporaben diagram za la\u017eje vizualno razumevanje.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":28,"featured_media":19804,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[38],"tags":[882,883,744,962],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Animal Cell Diagram: What it is, Structure and Types<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn what is an animal cell, its components, and how to create a useful diagram to aid in visual understanding.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sl\/diagram-zivalskih-celic\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sl_SI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Animal Cell Diagram\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" 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