{"id":14781,"date":"2021-10-14T14:28:34","date_gmt":"2021-10-14T17:28:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/?p=14781"},"modified":"2023-01-05T14:53:24","modified_gmt":"2023-01-05T17:53:24","slug":"motivational-tactics-the-math-behind-the-reward-system","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sl\/motivacijska-taktika-sistem-za-nagrajevanje\/","title":{"rendered":"Motivacijske taktike: Matematika v ozadju sistema nagrajevanja"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sistem nagrajevanja<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Notranje motivirana strategija nadzoruje, kako velik napor vlo\u017eimo v dosego cilja. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vpra\u0161anje je: kaj nas motivira, da se po najbolj\u0161ih mo\u010deh potrudimo za katerikoli cilj, pa naj se zdi \u0161e tako nepomemben? Ali nas na\u0161i mo\u017egani posku\u0161ajo zvabiti na nagrado kot motivacijsko strategijo, ki nas bo gnala naprej? Kak\u0161ni so razlogi za na\u0161imi dejanji?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sistem nagrajevanja je oslabljen zaradi \u0161tevilnih bolezenskih stanj, kar povzro\u010da pomanjkanje motivacije.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A nedavna \u0161tudija<\/a> na Japonskem so preu\u010devali omre\u017eja sistema nagrajevanja pri opicah in jih prilagodili. Raziskovalci so v svoji \u0161tudiji odkrili nekaj temeljnih vidikov sistemov nagrajevanja, katerih namen je pove\u010dati motivacijo. <\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Ilustracija<\/a>
Ilustracija Mind the Graph: Vervet Monkey Sober<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Z nevrolo\u0161kega vidika gre za sistem nagrajevanja v mo\u017eganih, ki vpliva na na\u0161o nagnjenost k zasledovanju ciljev in u\u017eivanju v zadovoljstvu, ki ga prina\u0161a njihova uresni\u010ditev. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Da bi ugotovili vir \u0161kodljivih psiholo\u0161kih te\u017eav, s katerimi se lahko soo\u010dajo nekatere skupine ljudi (na primer osebe z depresijo, shizofrenijo ali Parkinsonovo boleznijo, katerih sistem nagrajevanja je obi\u010dajno oslabljen), raziskovalci raziskujejo mehanizme sistema nagrajevanja in na\u010din odlo\u010danja o tem, ali naj se spro\u017eijo dolo\u010dena dejanja ali ne.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Predloga<\/a>
Predloga Mind the Graph<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Dekodiranje motivacije: Kaj so ugotovili raziskovalci<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Vsak dan pretehtamo koristi in stro\u0161ke nekega dejanja ter se odlo\u010damo, ali naj ukrepamo ali ne. Koristi (nagrade) pove\u010dujejo verjetnost uspe\u0161nega izida, medtem ko stro\u0161ki za dosego tega izida (tveganje, zamuda in trdo delo) zmanj\u0161ujejo nagrade.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dopamin (DA) je klju\u010dna sestavina motivacije, saj vpliva na vedenje glede na pri\u010dakovane nagrade ali stro\u0161ke dejanja.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pozitivno pove\u010danje faznega izgorevanja nevronov DA srednjih mo\u017eganov je povezano s potencialnimi nagradami, kontraproduktivno pove\u010danje pa s tveganji.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ko DA prena\u0161a svoje u\u010dinke v mo\u017eganih, jih prena\u0161ajo receptorji DA, ki i\u0161\u010dejo in ve\u017eejo molekule DA ter tako \u0161irijo signale po \u017eiv\u010dnem sistemu. Ker se lastnosti posameznih receptorjev razlikujejo, je bilo kljub temu nujno razumeti relativni vpliv vsakega od njih na signalno pot DA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Da bi razumeli motivacijo, so raziskovalci z opicami makaki preu\u010devali dve vrsti receptorjev DA: D1 (D1R) in D2 (D2R) - oba receptorja imata vlogo pri motivaciji, ki temelji na nagrajevanju.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Predloga<\/a>
Predloga Mind the Graph<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Znanstveniki so s sistemati\u010dnim pristopom modulirali receptorje D1R in DA pri teh opicah, tako da so jim vbrizgali molekulo, ki je zavirala odziv opic na DA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S pozitronsko emisijsko tomografijo so ugotovili, koliko receptorjev je bilo vezanih ali blokiranih v mo\u017eganih \u017eivali. Nato so opicam dali naloge, ki so jih morale opraviti v zameno za nagrado. Pri tem se je ugotavljalo, ali so naloge sprejele ali ne in ali so se hitro odzvale na signale. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Za poglobljeno razumevanje vloge DA pri motivaciji je klju\u010dnega pomena spremljanje vzorcev DA med fazama koristi in stro\u0161kov ter merjenje u\u010dinka DA na receptorje DA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na \u010dlovekovo odlo\u010danje in motivacijo vpliva izmenjava med nagrado in stro\u0161ki za pridobitev nagrade. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na splo\u0161no velja, da imajo ljudje in \u017eivali raje takoj\u0161nje, relativno majhne nagrade kot ve\u010dje, ki pridejo \u0161ele \u010dez \u010das.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S prenosom DA prek D1R in D2R se motivacija, ki temelji na stro\u0161kih, uravnava razli\u010dno glede na razpolo\u017eljivo nagrado in stro\u0161ke (napor), ki nastanejo pri dolo\u010deni nalogi. Po drugi strani pa je bilo nadomestilo za delovno obremenitev povezano predvsem z manipulacijo D2R, saj je nagrajevanje skaliralo nagrade glede na potreben napor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dva podtipa dopaminskih receptorjev, za katera so ugotovili, da imata komplementarno vlogo, lahko pomagata dolo\u010diti patofiziologijo psihiatri\u010dnih motenj, \u010de se posvetimo njunim medsebojnim vplivom. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Raziskave, kot je ta, ka\u017eejo na mo\u017enost, da bi z manipulacijo notranjega sistema nagrajevanja izbolj\u0161ali raven motivacije \u0161tevilnih ljudi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010ce \u017eelite izvedeti ve\u010d o njem, si oglejte spodnji sklic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hori, Yukiko, et al. \"D1 in D2 podobni receptorji razli\u010dno posredujejo u\u010dinke dopaminergi\u010dnega prenosa na vrednotenje stro\u0161kov\/koristi in motivacijo pri opicah.\" bioRxiv (2021): 2020-11. DOI: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pbio.3<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sistem nagrajevanja Notranje motivirana strategija nadzoruje, koliko truda vlo\u017eimo v doseganje cilja. Vpra\u0161anje se glasi: kaj nas motivira, da se po svojih najbolj\u0161ih mo\u010deh potrudimo za katerikoli cilj, pa naj se zdi \u0161e tako nepomemben? Ali nas na\u0161i mo\u017egani sku\u0161ajo zvabiti k nagradi kot motivacijski strategiji, ki [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":14787,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[554],"yoast_head":"\nMotivational Tactics: The Math Behind the Reward System - MTG<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Is it our brain trying to lure us into a reward as a motivation strategy that will propel us forward? Have you ever thought about that? 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