{"id":12121,"date":"2021-01-11T11:05:53","date_gmt":"2021-01-11T13:05:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/?p=12121"},"modified":"2023-01-05T14:52:03","modified_gmt":"2023-01-05T17:52:03","slug":"cause-of-alzheimers-disease","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sl\/vzrok-za-nastanek-alzheimerjeve-bolezni\/","title":{"rendered":"Nova teorija posku\u0161a pojasniti vzrok Alzheimerjeve bolezni"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ve\u010d kot polovica primerov demence se danes uvr\u0161\u010da med Alzheimerjevo bolezen - kroni\u010dno nevrodegenerativno bolezen, ki postopoma prizadene kognicijo in spomin osebe. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do danes je veljalo, da jo povzro\u010dajo genetski dejavniki in dejavniki staranja, za glavne krivce bolezni pa so odgovorni senilni plaki in nevrofibrilarni zapleti, ki povzro\u010dajo nevrovnetje in posledi\u010dno smrt nevronov. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nova teorija o vzrokih za Alzheimerjevo bolezen pa osvetljuje nebo medicinskih raziskav. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Teorija pravi, da genetika in staranje nista edina dejavnika, ki sta odgovorna za nastanek amiloidnih grudic - beljakovine, ki se kopi\u010di med nevroni in povzro\u010da Alzheimerjevo bolezen -, temve\u010d je to lahko tudi spro\u017eilni odziv na oku\u017ebo z mikrobi.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Poglejmo si podrobneje nevrolo\u0161ko lestvico, da bi razumeli celotno sliko dogajanja v mo\u017eganih z Alzheimerjevo boleznijo. Dva glavna pojava se dogajajo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Beljakovina tau je odgovorna za ohranjanje stabilnosti, saj podpira mikrotubule v nevronih. V mo\u017eganih, ki trpijo zaradi bolezni, se tau biokemi\u010dno spremeni z reakcijo, imenovano hiperfosforilatna reakcija. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Posledica te spremembe so netopni kosi beljakovin v nevronu, ki razgradijo celoten sistem in uni\u010dijo nevronske celice. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ti netopni kosi tau proteinov se zdru\u017eujejo med seboj in tvorijo nevrofibrilarne splete.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Spletna stran senilne obloge<\/strong> so narejeni iz peptidi amiloida-\u03b2<\/strong>. Beljakovina, ki je prisotna v membranah nevronov (pre-amiloid), se razcepi, kar povzro\u010di nastanek prostih ko\u0161\u010dkov amiloida-\u03b2 zunaj nevronov*. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Te ko\u0161\u010dke naj bi posebne celice in encimi s fagocitozo o\u010distili iz zunanjega nevronskega medija, vendar zaradi genetskih dejavnikov ali dejavnikov staranja ta proces ni dovolj u\u010dinkovit, kar vodi v nastanek prostih kosov netopnih beljakovin amiloida-\u03b2, ki se za\u010dnejo zdru\u017eevati v obloge.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Amiloidne obloge so tiste, ki so najbolj preu\u010devane in obravnavane kot vzrok Alzheimerjeve bolezni. Znanstveniki pa prav tako trdijo, da so nevrofibrilarni spleti neposredno povezani z napredovanjem bolezni.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Znanstveniki so na\u0161li amiloidno grudo tudi v zdravih posmrtnih mo\u017eganih. To pomeni, da tudi v zdravih starih mo\u017eganih proces \u010di\u0161\u010denja poteka manj u\u010dinkovito, vendar ne tako u\u010dinkovito kot v mo\u017eganih z Alzheimerjevo boleznijo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zato je za Alzheimerjevo bolezen zna\u010dilno veliko \u0161tevilo teh senilnih plakov in nevrofibrilarnih zapletov, ki postanejo zelo strupeni za mo\u017egane ter spremenijo u\u010dinkovitost in kakovost sinaps. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pri prizadetih osebah se pojavljajo simptomi, kot so izguba spomina, zmedenost glede \u010dasa in lokacije, depresija, tesnoba, jezikovne in komunikacijske te\u017eave, nestabilno razpolo\u017eenje in drugi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V novi predlagani teoriji<\/strong>, so amiloidne obloge mehanizem za\u0161\u010dite mo\u017eganov pred oku\u017ebo z mikrobi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gen za amiloid-\u03b2 je prisoten pri velikem delu vreten\u010darjev in se je pri razli\u010dnih vrstah ohranil ve\u010d generacij, kar pomeni, da bi moral imeti koristno in pomembno vlogo za na\u0161e telo in ne bi deloval le kot nekaj \u0161kodljivega - \u010de ne bi bil nekaj koristnega ali koristnega, bi gen po evolucijski poti \u017ee zdavnaj izginil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Znanstveniki so poiskali na tiso\u010de posmrtnih mo\u017eganov ljudi z Alzheimerjevo boleznijo. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010ceprav so se zaradi slabih razmer soo\u010dali s te\u017eavami pri analizi teh vrst mo\u017eganov, jim je uspelo preu\u010diti in zbrati informacije, na podlagi katerih so pozneje predlagali nekaj mo\u017enih spro\u017eilcev mikrobov. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ti spro\u017eilci so obrambni mehanizmi proti nekaterim vrstam \u010dlove\u0161kih virusov herpesa, kot so herpesvirusi 1, 6A in 7, ter trem bakterijam, Klamidijska plju\u010dnica<\/em>, Borrelia burgdorferi<\/em>, Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Teorija pravi, da ima beta-amiloid sprva obrambno funkcijo, saj zadr\u017euje mikrobe, ki se pomikajo proti mo\u017eganom, in tako zaustavlja morebitno oku\u017ebo ali bolezen. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kot smo \u017ee omenili, mo\u017egani zaradi dejavnikov staranja izgubijo sposobnost u\u010dinkovitega \u010di\u0161\u010denja amiloidov. Tako je lahko zamisel o funkciji amiloida ves \u010das napa\u010dna; verjetno je vklju\u010den v vrsto protimikrobne za\u0161\u010dite pred mo\u017eganskimi vsiljivci, saj je uvr\u0161\u010den med protimikrobne peptide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Znanstveniki so dobili pozitivne rezultate, ko so posku\u0161ali dokazati, da lahko \u03b2-amiloid uni\u010di mikroorganizme iz nekaj pogostih bolezni. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Poleg tega v drugi \u0161tudiji, ki se je za\u010dela leta 2007 in naj bi se kon\u010dala leta 2022 na Univerzi Columbia v New Yorku, preizku\u0161ajo protivirusno zdravilo pri bolnikih z h<\/s>erpes simplex virusa 1 in blage Alzheimerjeve bolezni, da bi ugotovili, ali lahko zdravilo upo\u010dasni napredovanje bolezni. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Za zdaj lahko le upamo na najbolj\u0161e in \u010dakamo na rezultate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ta nova predlagana teorija \u0161e vedno ni dobro sprejeta v celotni znanstveni skupnosti. \u0160tevilni znanstveniki trdijo, da bodo genetski dejavniki in slabe mutacije \u0161e vedno glavni vzrok bolezni, tudi \u010de bo ta nova teorija dokazana. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alzheimerjeva bolezen je bolezen, za katero \u0161e vedno obstaja zelo malo znanstvenih spoznanj o njenih dejanskih vzrokih; zdravila zanjo ni, prav tako ni veliko terapevtskih mo\u017enosti zdravljenja. \u010ce se ta teorija izka\u017ee za resni\u010dno, bi to lahko bil prvi korak v smeri bolj\u0161ega zdravljenja. Naprej, znanost!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Reference<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

ABBOTT, A. Ali so oku\u017ebe vir nekaterih primerov Alzheimerjeve bolezni? Narava<\/strong>, v. 587, \u0161t. 7832, str. 22-25, 4. nov. 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

CEC\u00cd, K. et al. Biomarkerji pri Alzheimerjevi bolezni. Geriatrija, gerontologija in staranje<\/strong>, v. 6, \u0161t. 3, str. 273-282, 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MAKIN, S. Amiloidna hipoteza na preizku\u0161nji. Narava<\/strong>, v. 559, \u0161t. 7715, str. S4-S7, 25 jul. 2018.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

YOO, K.-Y.; PARK, S.-Y. Terpenoidi kot potencialni terapevti proti Alzheimerjevi bolezni. Molekule<\/strong>, v. 17, \u0161t. 3, str. 3524-3538, mar. 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___
\u010ce morate ustvariti infografiko v znanstvene namene - tako kot jaz -, lahko v Mind the Graph ustvarite katero koli vrsto infografike, ki jo potrebujete in \u017eelite. Platforma je tu zato, da znanstvenike spremeni v oblikovalce in pove\u010da njihov vpliv! Pridru\u017eite se nam na platformi, kliknite tukaj<\/a>!<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ve\u010d kot polovica primerov demence se danes uvr\u0161\u010da med Alzheimerjevo bolezen - kroni\u010dno nevrodegenerativno bolezen, ki postopoma prizadene kognicijo in spomin osebe. Do danes je veljalo, da jo povzro\u010dajo genetski dejavniki in dejavniki staranja, zlobne\u017ee in klju\u010dne krivce za bolezen pa pripisujejo [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":12125,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[213,554,964,136],"yoast_head":"\nNew Theory Tries to Explain The Cause of Alzheimer\u2019s<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Read this blog that discusses a new theory that tries to explain the cause of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. 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