{"id":12100,"date":"2020-12-30T09:30:00","date_gmt":"2020-12-30T11:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/?p=12100"},"modified":"2023-01-05T15:13:37","modified_gmt":"2023-01-05T18:13:37","slug":"nerve-impulse-the-synapse","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sl\/zivcni-impulz-sinapsa\/","title":{"rendered":"Nervni impulz 2. DEL - Sinapsa"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ves \u017eiv\u010dni sistem temelji na akcijski potenciali <\/strong>in . sinapse<\/strong> za prenos informacij po telesu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nevroni so celice, specializirane za prenos elektri\u010dnih ali kemi\u010dnih signalov do drugega nevrona po to\u010dno dolo\u010deni poti do ciljne celice. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ta \u010dlanek je drugi del od dveh, ki govorita o tem, kako ta neverjeten in zapleten sistem upravlja skoraj vse v na\u0161em telesu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zdaj bomo govorili o sinapsi - prostoru med dvema nevronoma, \u0161e enem obmo\u010dju, ki je prav tako odgovorno za prenos \u017eiv\u010dnega impulza.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ime <\/em>sinapsa<\/em><\/strong> <\/em>izvira iz gr\u0161kega sinapsis<\/em>, kar pomeni, da \"povezava\"<\/em><\/strong>. Znanstveniki so v zgodovini te\u017eko na\u0161li izraz, ki bi pojasnil \"<\/em>zdru\u017eitev dveh lo\u010denih elementov<\/em><\/strong>\"<\/em>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

V nekaterih starih publikacijah so sinapso ozna\u010devali tudi kot kri\u017ei\u0161\u010da<\/em><\/strong>. Danes je sinapsa<\/em><\/strong> je ime za strukturo, ki je odgovorna za posredovanje signala drugemu nevronu v razcepu sinapse. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vsa sinapsa se odvija v sinapti\u010dnem re\u017enju, majhnem prostoru med dvema razli\u010dnima celicama, ki sta druga ob drugi. predsinapti\u010dni<\/strong> celica in pozitivna sinapti\u010dna celica. <\/strong>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ve\u010dinoma sta dva nevrona povezana prek aksonskega terminala enega nevrona - presinapti\u010dnega nevrona, ki posreduje signal - z dendritom naslednjega nevrona - posinapti\u010dnega nevrona, ki je lahko ciljna celica ali naslednji nevron v vrsti za posredovanje signala.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V prostoru med celicami - sinapse cleft - se hkrati odvija ogromno informacij, za nadzor spro\u0161\u010danja in proizvodnje teh nosilcev informacij pa je odgovoren velik molekularni mehanizem; te molekule se imenujejo nevrotransmiterji.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vendar nevroni ne opravljajo vsega dela sami, saj imajo poleg sebe \u0161e posebno vrsto celic, ki podpirajo regulacijo nevrotransmiterjev. Te celice so astrociti<\/strong>; so vrsta glialnih celic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glias<\/strong> spadajo med nevronske celice - ne prena\u0161ajo ali proizvajajo nobene vrste \u017eiv\u010dnega impulza ali signala. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Te celice imajo \u0161tevilne naloge, ki so povezane s potrebami nevronov, kot pomo\u010dnik, ki deluje 24 ur na dan, 7 dni v tednu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Najdemo jih po vsem osrednjem in perifernem \u017eiv\u010devju. Na splo\u0161no zagotavljajo podporo, za\u0161\u010dito in hranijo nevron s hranilnimi snovmi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kot \u017ee re\u010deno, so nevroni specializirane celice, odgovorne za prenos elektri\u010dnih ali kemi\u010dnih signalov. Vsak od teh signalov ima svojo metodo za prenos signala. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Predsinapti\u010dni nevron, ki je vklju\u010den v kemi\u010dno sinapso, je sposoben prena\u0161ati informacije ne le nevronom, temve\u010d tudi mi\u0161icam in \u017elezam, kar se zgodi z akcijskim potencialom, ki potuje vzdol\u017e nevrona, dose\u017ee aksonski terminal in nato posreduje signal napetostno krmiljenim kalcijevim kanalom. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zaradi depolarizacije postanejo ti kanali aktivni in odprejo vrata kalciju (Ca+2) v nevron. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dotok kalcija v celico daje signal sinapti\u010dnemu vezikulu, ki nato v sinapti\u010dni razpoki sprosti nevrotransmiterje. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ko so ti nevrotransmiterji v sinapti\u010dni razpoki, se usmerijo proti nevrotransmiterskim receptorjem posinapti\u010dnega nevrona. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tako se nadaljuje \u017eiv\u010dni impulz, ki se ponovi v dendritih, nato v jedru, nato v aksonu, kjer se akcijski potencial nadaljuje. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ko \u017eiv\u010dni impulz dose\u017ee ciljno celico, se v posinapti\u010dnem nevronu lahko pojavita dve vrsti odzivov - vzbujevalni ali zaviralni odziv.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Druga, elektri\u010dna sinapsa, se v primerjavi s kemi\u010dno sinapso zgodi veliko hitreje, saj je sestavljena iz manj korakov za prenos signala. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elektri\u010dni tok se prena\u0161a po kanalih, imenovanih vrzeli<\/strong>, ki je prisoten v obeh celicah in povezuje presinapti\u010dne nevrone s posinapti\u010dnimi.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ti kanali lahko prevajajo elektri\u010dni tok brez nevrotransmiterjev.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zanimivo je, da ni nujno, da proces sinapse vsaki\u010d povezuje iste dele nevrona, kot sta aksonski terminal in dendrit. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Obstaja ve\u010d na\u010dinov prenosa \u017eiv\u010dnih impulzov kot ta. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aksonski terminali iz presinapti\u010dnih celic so lahko povezani neposredno s krvnim obtokom, aksonom nevrona ali celo z drugim aksonskim terminalom. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lahko so tudi povezani z nevronsko dendritno hrbtenico ali celo nimajo povezave za spro\u0161\u010danje nevrotransmiterjev v zunajceli\u010dnem mediju. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glede na vrsto informacije, ki se prena\u0161a, se mora sprostiti vrsta nevrotransmiterja, ki je lahko iz skupine glutamatergi\u010dnih, GABAergi\u010dnih, holinergi\u010dnih, adrenergi\u010dnih z ekscitatornim ali inhibitornim delovanjem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regulacija nevrotransmiterjev je zelo ob\u010dutljiv sistem na\u0161ega telesa. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0160tudije, ki so jih opravili \u0161tevilni znanstveniki, so pokazale, da lahko en sam moten nevrotransmiter vpliva ne le na eno, temve\u010d na \u0161tevilne dejavnosti v mo\u017eganih, kot so razpolo\u017eenje, humor, spanje, apetit, telesna temperatura, strah, pa tudi na du\u0161evne bolezni. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parkinsonova bolezen in shizofrenija, ki ju danes poznamo kot bolezni brez zdravila, sta na primer povezani z motnjami v delovanju nevrotransmiterja dopamina.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na splo\u0161no je \u017eiv\u010dni impulz tisti, ki je odgovoren za komunikacijo in prenos vseh informacij po telesu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Majhna te\u017eava ali motnja regulacije lahko povzro\u010di velike posledice in bolezni. Znanstveniki \u0161e vedno i\u0161\u010dejo odgovore, da bi v celoti razumeli to zapleteno omre\u017eje.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

____<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ali vam je bila infografika v tem \u010dlanku v\u0161e\u010d? Uporabite jo lahko tudi pri svojem delu, kliknite tukaj<\/a> in videli boste vse predloge, ki so na voljo uporabnikom Mind the Graph. Ni vam treba za\u010deti od za\u010detka. Lahko pa za\u010dnete ustvarjati prav zdaj<\/a>, s pomo\u010djo na\u0161ega nevrologija<\/a> galerija in ve\u010d<\/a>!<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Celoten \u017eiv\u010dni sistem temelji na akcijskih potencialih in sinapsah, ki prena\u0161ajo informacije po telesu. Nevroni so celice, specializirane za prenos elektri\u010dnih ali kemi\u010dnih signalov do drugega nevrona po to\u010dno dolo\u010deni poti, ki vodi do ciljne celice. Ta \u010dlanek je drugi del od dveh, ki obravnavata, kako ta neverjetni in zapleteni sistem [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":12102,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[812],"yoast_head":"\nNerve Impulse PART 2 \u2013 The Synapse - MTG<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Nerve Impulse PART 2 \u2013 The Synapse. Read this blog to know more about how nerve impulses take place. 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