{"id":11793,"date":"2020-10-15T05:06:00","date_gmt":"2020-10-15T08:06:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/?p=11793"},"modified":"2022-11-21T09:55:34","modified_gmt":"2022-11-21T12:55:34","slug":"nobel-prize-2020-for-medicine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sl\/nobelova-nagrada-2020-za-medicino\/","title":{"rendered":"Nobelova nagrada 2020 za medicino - odkritje, diagnosticiranje in zdravljenje hepatitisa C"},"content":{"rendered":"

Na enem od osrednjih svetovnih znanstvenih dogodkov leta, ki je 5. oktobra 2020 potekal v Stockholmu, je bila Nobelova nagrada za fiziologijo ali medicino podeljena skupini virologov in biokemikov za odkritje virusa hepatitisa C. Harvey Alter, Michael Houghton in Charles Rice so skupaj prejeli Nobelovo nagrado za odkritje povzro\u010ditelja bolezni in iskanje poti za njeno zdravljenje. \u010clani Nobelove skup\u0161\u010dine na in\u0161titutu Karolinska se niso mogli zadr\u017eati in so dejali, da je to odkritje upanje za izkoreninjenje krvnega hepatitisa s sveta.<\/span><\/p>\n

Na enem od osrednjih svetovnih znanstvenih dogodkov leta, ki je 5. oktobra 2020 potekal v Stockholmu, je bila Nobelova nagrada za fiziologijo ali medicino podeljena skupini virologov in biokemikov za odkritje virusa hepatitisa C. Harvey Alter, Michael Houghton in Charles Rice so skupaj prejeli Nobelovo nagrado za odkritje povzro\u010ditelja bolezni in iskanje poti za njeno zdravljenje. \u010clani Nobelove skup\u0161\u010dine na in\u0161titutu Karolinska se niso mogli zadr\u017eati in so dejali, da je to odkritje upanje za izkoreninjenje krvnega hepatitisa s sveta.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Kaj je hepatitis?<\/b><\/h2>\n

Beseda hepatitis izvira iz gr\u0161ke besede \"Hepar\", ki se nana\u0161a na jetra. Hepatitis je bolezensko stanje, pri katerem so posameznikova jetra vneta zaradi zastrupitve ali virusne oku\u017ebe. Za bolezen hepatitis so zna\u010dilni zlatenica, ciroza, vro\u010dina in pove\u010danje jeter. Virus hepatitisa A se prena\u0161a z oku\u017eeno vodo, virusa B in C pa s krvjo in telesnimi teko\u010dinami.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kako so ga odkrili?<\/b><\/h2>\n

Po odkritju hepatitisa B sta Alter in njegova ekipa opazila ve\u010d nepojasnjenih oku\u017eb jeter in kroni\u010dni hepatitis po transfuziji krvi. V nadaljnjih \u0161tudijah so dokazali dve pomembni dejstvi: prvi\u010d, neznani povzro\u010ditelj je lahko prenesel bolezen na \u0161impanza, in drugi\u010d, povzro\u010ditelj je imel zna\u010dilnosti virusa, vendar ne kot hepatitis A ali B. Alterjev prispevek na podro\u010dju virologije je slu\u017eil kot lu\u010d v temni viharni no\u010di primerov oku\u017eb jeter. Vendar virus ni bil identificiran, ni bil opredeljen za nobeno dru\u017eino virusov in ni bil klasificiran.<\/span><\/p>\n

Prispevki za identifikacijo in pot za izkoreninjenje<\/b><\/h2>\n

Zaradi visoke obolevnosti in umrljivosti so si raziskovalci v preteklih letih prizadevali ugotoviti povzro\u010ditelja \"neznanega\" virusa hepatitisa in ga opredeliti. Potem ko so preizkusili vse tradicionalne tehnike in bili neuspe\u0161ni, jim je z inovativnim pristopom Houghtona v podjetju Chiron pharmaceuticals uspelo identificirati in klonirati fragmente DNK, ki so odgovorni za nastanek virusnih beljakovin. Po zapleteni pripravi knji\u017enice DNK in iskanju klona sta Houghton in njegova ekipa kon\u010dno lahko ugotovila podobnost z dru\u017eino Flaviviridae in ga poimenovala virus hepatitisa C. Njuna raziskava je dala tudi testni postopek za identifikacijo povzro\u010ditelja s prepoznanimi protitelesi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Kon\u010dni dokaz, da je hepatitis C lahko edini povzro\u010ditelj oku\u017ebe jeter, je bil rezultat obse\u017enih raziskav Ricea na Univerzi Washington v St. Louisu. S tehnologijo rekombinantne DNK je Rice s svojo ekipo ustvaril genomsko razli\u010dico virusa hepatitisa C, ki ni imela inaktivacijskih zaporedij, in jo vbrizgal primatom. Rezultati so pokazali, da lahko variante vodijo do kroni\u010dne bolezni jeter in odra\u017eajo vse patolo\u0161ke spremembe. Z vsemi na novo ugotovljenimi zaporedji in inaktivacijskimi regijami so dali upanje, da bodo ustvarili pravo terapevtsko sredstvo proti virusu hepatitisa C.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vpliv odkritja<\/b><\/h2>\n

Svet je zaradi pandemije COVID-19 postal vojna fronta. Z odkritjem protivirusnih zdravil, diagnostike in identifikacije hepatitisa C in z njim povezanih dose\u017ekov so to izjemni koraki na podro\u010dju virologije in medicine. Svetovna zdravstvena organizacija si je zastavila cilj, da v desetih letih izkorenini virus hepatitisa C. Ta odkritja so temeljni kamen za dosego tega cilja. Vendar je treba premagati \u0161e veliko izzivov in izdelati \u0161e cepivo, vendar pa se je pojavil \u017earek upanja v obliki na\u010dinov odkrivanja in zdravljenja za boj proti bolezni.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ekipa Mind the Graph \u010destita trojici znanstvenikov, univerz in njihovih skupin za dose\u017eek! Desetletja raziskav in trdega dela so \u010dlove\u0161tvu omogo\u010dila novo pot za premagovanje smrtonosne virusne bolezni.<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":11817,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[554],"yoast_head":"\nNobel Prize in Medicine 2020 - Diagnosis and Cure of Hepatitis C<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The recent findings in Hepatitis C have been acclaimed for the Nobel Prize in 2020 in Chemistry. 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