{"id":11788,"date":"2020-10-19T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-10-19T11:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/?p=11788"},"modified":"2022-11-21T09:55:34","modified_gmt":"2022-11-21T12:55:34","slug":"crispr-duo-wins-nobel-prize-2020-for-chemistry","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sl\/crispr-duo-prejel-nobelovo-nagrado-2020-za-kemijo\/","title":{"rendered":"CRISPR DUO ukrade \u0161ov: Nobelova nagrada 2020 za kemijo"},"content":{"rendered":"

Natan\u010dnost je za\u0161\u010ditni znak znanstvenikov. Emmanuelle Charpentier in Jennifer Doudna sta odkrili revolucionarno orodje v genski tehnologiji, imenovano CRISPR\/Cas9, \"genetske \u0161karje\". Emmanuelle Charpentier in Jennifer Doudna, pionirki tega orodja, ki je spremenilo \u017eivljenje, bosta leta 2020 prejeli Nobelovo nagrado za kemijo. Njun izum iz leta 2012 je pripeljal do ne\u0161tetih odkritij na pomembnih podro\u010djih, kot so raziskave raka, rastlin in iskanje zdravil za dedne bolezni. Orodje CRISPR\/Cas9 je olaj\u0161alo urejanje genskih zaporedij na to\u010dno dolo\u010denem mestu v kraj\u0161em \u010dasu. Njihovo odkritje je spremenilo pogled na znanosti o \u017eivljenju. Je odsko\u010dna deska za novo obdobje v genetiki, ki bo koristilo vsem \u017eivim.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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Kaj je CRISPR\/Cas9 in kako so ga odkrili?<\/span><\/h2>\n

CISPR\/CAS9 je orodje za urejanje genov, ki se uporablja za rezanje zaporedja DNK na to\u010dno dolo\u010denem mestu. CRISPR pomeni Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats, Cas9 pa je encim, ki pomaga pri rezanju zaporedja. CRISPR ima dve glavni zna\u010dilnosti, in sicer nukleotidne ponovitve in razmike. Pri CRISPR nukleotidna zaporedja obi\u010dajno delujejo kot predloge za prepis komplementarne RNK, ki se s\u010dasoma imenuje RNK CRISPR (cr RNK). Emmanuelle Charpentier in Jennifer Doudna sta bili prvi, ki sta odkrili te razmike in repetitorje. Ugotovili sta tudi, da se encim Cas9, ki je pomagal pri rezanju zaporedja DNK, ve\u017ee na druge molekule RNK. Ti dve molekuli, cr RNA in trans aktivacijska cr RNA, sta encimu Cas9 pomagali pri rezanju na ciljnem mestu dvojne verige DNK.<\/span><\/p>\n

Do odkritja je pri\u0161el Emmanuelle Charpentier, ko je opazoval imunski mehanizem bakterije streptokok proti virusu. Najbolj jo je fasciniralo dejstvo, da je imela molekula RNK, ki jo je na\u0161la v bakteriji, zelo podobno genetsko kodo kot CRISPR bakterije. Po analizi obeh zaporedij je bilo ugotovljeno, da se molekula RNK ujema s ponavljajo\u010dim delom CRISPR. Pri nadaljnjih raziskavah je ugotovila, da ta mala molekula RNA aktivira zaporedje RNA v prisotnosti Cas9. Zaporedje RNK je bilo rezultat zaporedja CRISPR. Ta molekula se je imenovala trans aktivacijska RNK CRISPR. Ko se bakterija oku\u017ei z virusom, doda virusno DNK v svoj genom na obmo\u010dju CRISPR kot spomin. To bakteriji pomaga pri nadaljnjih novih oku\u017ebah. Ta DNK CRISPR se nato kopira, da nastane RNK CRISPR, ki naj bi se razcepila in tvorila virusno DNK, ki bi pomagala pri prepoznavanju tuje virusne DNK.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Kasneje je Jennifer Doudna analizirala, ali je mogo\u010de to virusno DNK identificirati z uporabo RNK CRISPR in molekule encima Cas9. Po ve\u010d poskusih je \u0161e vedno niso mogli identificirati in ugotovili so, da nekaj manjka. Zato so pri naslednjem poskusu dodali \u0161e molekule trans aktivacijske CR RNA, ki jih je odkrila Emmanuelle. Na njihovo presene\u010denje so identificirali virusno DNK, kar je privedlo do novega eona, ki je pri\u0161el.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Danes je CRISPR\/Cas9 prinesel nov pristop k \u017eivljenju. Uporablja se na razli\u010dnih podro\u010djih znanosti. To orodje je bilo evolucijsko v medicinskih znanostih. Danes si raziskovalci prizadevajo za odpravo dednih motenj, ki so najbolj prizadele \u010dlove\u0161tvo. Drugo podro\u010dje, na katerem se to orodje uporablja, je kmetijstvo, kjer se spreminjajo rastline v odporne na oku\u017ebe, razvoj zdravil, gensko zdravljenje in drugo. Z zakonito in eti\u010dno uporabo tega orodja lahko \u010dlove\u0161tvo do\u017eivi svet brez meja.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Referenca\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/prizes\/chemistry\/2020\/popular-information\/<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":11824,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[554],"yoast_head":"\nThe CRISPR DUO Steals The Show: Nobel Prize 2020 in Chemistry - Mind the Graph Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In 2020, many discoveries are accoladed with Nobel Prize and CRISPR DUO in Chemistry is one of them. 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