{"id":8936,"date":"2019-05-22T17:56:36","date_gmt":"2019-05-22T20:56:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.mindthegraph.com\/?p=8936"},"modified":"2022-10-18T11:41:07","modified_gmt":"2022-10-18T14:41:07","slug":"ocean-acidification-consequences","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/dosledky-okyslenia-oceanov\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u00f4sledky okyslenia oce\u00e1nov na morsk\u00e9 \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchy"},"content":{"rendered":"

Oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd je be\u017en\u00fd plyn pr\u00edtomn\u00fd v atmosf\u00e9re. Kolobeh uhl\u00edka na Zemi za norm\u00e1lnych okolnost\u00ed udr\u017eiava prirodzen\u00fa rovnov\u00e1hu uhl\u00edka v atmosf\u00e9re, na pevnine a v oce\u00e1noch prostredn\u00edctvom \"d\u00fdchania plan\u00e9ty\". \u013dudsk\u00e1 \u010dinnos\u0165 ako emisie fos\u00edlnych pal\u00edv v\u0161ak nar\u00fa\u0161a rovnov\u00e1hu uhl\u00edkov\u00e9ho cyklu, \u010do sp\u00f4sobuje zmenu kl\u00edmy, preto\u017ee sa zvy\u0161uje sklen\u00edkov\u00fd efekt a okys\u013eovanie oce\u00e1nov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ak chcete pochopi\u0165 d\u00f4sledky okys\u013eovania oce\u00e1nov, mus\u00edte si najprv zopakova\u0165 kolobeh uhl\u00edka. O tom som p\u00edsal tu1<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sklen\u00edkov\u00fd efekt umo\u017e\u0148uje \u017eivot na Zemi t\u00fdm, \u017ee zachyt\u00e1va teplo v atmosf\u00e9re a otep\u013euje plan\u00e9tu. Ako to funguje, som uk\u00e1zal tu1<\/sup>. Napriek jeho v\u00fdznamu sa v\u0161ak v d\u00f4sledku zvy\u0161uj\u00faceho sa mno\u017estva oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho tento probl\u00e9m zmenil na probl\u00e9m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nie v\u0161etok nadbyto\u010dn\u00fd oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd v\u0161ak zost\u00e1va v atmosf\u00e9re. Vedci odhaduj\u00fa, \u017ee oce\u00e1ny absorbovali tretinu v\u0161etk\u00e9ho oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho vyprodukovan\u00e9ho \u013eudskou \u010dinnos\u0165ou. Odstra\u0148ovanie oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho z atmosf\u00e9ry oce\u00e1nmi pom\u00e1ha oddiali\u0165 rozsah klimatick\u00fdch zmien. Tento pr\u00ednos v\u0161ak m\u00e1 svoju cenu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Za\u010dnite pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 Mind The Graph pr\u00e1ve teraz zadarmo!<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd a ch\u00e9mia oce\u00e1nu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Po rozpusten\u00ed v morskej vode reaguje CO2 s vodou (H2O) za vzniku kyseliny uhli\u010ditej: H2CO3: CO2 + H2O \u2194 H2CO3. Kyselina uhli\u010dit\u00e1 sa r\u00fdchlo rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165a za vzniku i\u00f3nov H+ (kyselina) a hydrog\u00e9nuhli\u010ditanu, HCO3- (z\u00e1sada). Morsk\u00e1 voda je prirodzene nas\u00fdten\u00e1 \u010fal\u0161ou z\u00e1sadou, uhli\u010ditanov\u00fdm i\u00f3nom (CO3-2), ktor\u00fd p\u00f4sob\u00ed ako antacidum a neutralizuje H+, pri\u010dom vznik\u00e1 viac hydrog\u00e9nuhli\u010ditanov. \u010cist\u00e1 reakcia vyzer\u00e1 takto: CO2 + H2O + CO3-2\u2192 2HCO3-<\/p>\n\n\n

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\"okyslenie<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Absorpcia oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho z\u00e1sadne men\u00ed chemick\u00e9 zlo\u017eenie oce\u00e1nu t\u00fdm, \u017ee sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165a reakcie, ktor\u00e9 sp\u00f4sobuj\u00fa kyslej\u0161iu morsk\u00fa vodu, \u010do sa naz\u00fdva okys\u013eovanie oce\u00e1nov. Oce\u00e1n sa stal o takmer 30 % kyslej\u0161\u00ed ako na za\u010diatku priemyselnej \u00e9ry. Je to zmena v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia a r\u00fdchlej\u0161ia, ne\u017e sa zaznamenala vo fos\u00edlnych z\u00e1znamoch spred najmenej 800 000 rokov, teda pred objaven\u00edm sa stavovcov a rastl\u00edn vo fos\u00edlnych z\u00e1znamoch.<\/p>\n\n\n

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\"okys\u013eovanie<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n
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Vytv\u00e1rajte efekt\u00edvne vedeck\u00e9 postavy za nieko\u013eko min\u00fat<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ak\u00fd vplyv bude ma\u0165 okyslenie oce\u00e1nov na morsk\u00e9 \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchy, ako s\u00fa ryby, koraly a m\u00e4kk\u00fd\u0161e?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

So zvy\u0161uj\u00facou sa koncentr\u00e1ciou vod\u00edkov\u00fdch i\u00f3nov sa voda st\u00e1va kyslej\u0161ou. Okrem toho sa zni\u017euje mno\u017estvo uhli\u010ditanov\u00fdch i\u00f3nov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Niektor\u00e9 z dodato\u010dn\u00fdch vod\u00edkov\u00fdch i\u00f3nov reaguj\u00fa s uhli\u010ditanov\u00fdmi i\u00f3nmi za vzniku v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ieho mno\u017estva hydrog\u00e9nuhli\u010ditanov. Ke\u010f je uhli\u010ditanov menej, tieto organizmy, ako s\u00fa koraly a last\u00farniky, maj\u00fa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie probl\u00e9my s budovan\u00edm a udr\u017eiavan\u00edm svojich schr\u00e1nok a kostier. Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 kyslos\u0165 m\u00f4\u017ee dokonca sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 rozpustenie niektor\u00fdch uhli\u010ditanov\u00fdch schr\u00e1nok a kostier. Vod\u00edkov\u00e9 i\u00f3ny reaguj\u00fa s pevn\u00fdm uhli\u010ditanom v\u00e1penat\u00fdm a premie\u0148aj\u00fa ho na rozpustn\u00fd hydrog\u00e9nuhli\u010ditan a v\u00e1penat\u00e9 i\u00f3ny.<\/p>\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Medzi zmesou drobn\u00fdch rastl\u00edn a \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchov, ktor\u00e9 tvoria plankt\u00f3n, \u017eije drobn\u00fd morsk\u00fd slim\u00e1k naz\u00fdvan\u00fd pteropod. Napriek svojej malej ve\u013ekosti s\u00fa pteropody d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdm zdrojom potravy pre mnoh\u00e9 druhy vr\u00e1tane r\u00fdb, tule\u0148ov a ve\u013er\u00fdb. Pteropody v\u0161ak maj\u00fa krehk\u00e9 schr\u00e1nky z uhli\u010ditanu v\u00e1penat\u00e9ho, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa citliv\u00e9 na okyslenie oce\u00e1nov. V s\u00e9rii experimentov boli schr\u00e1nky pteropodov umiestnen\u00e9 do morskej vody s pH (kyslos\u0165ou), ktor\u00e1 sa predpoklad\u00e1 pre Ju\u017en\u00fd oce\u00e1n do roku 2100. V priebehu 48 hod\u00edn sa \u0161krupiny pteropodov za\u010dali rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165a\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Zvidite\u013enite sa pomocou funkcie Mind The Graph<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Vizualiz\u00e1cia v\u00e1\u0161ho v\u00fdskumu<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Vizu\u00e1lne zdroje, ako s\u00fa infografiky a vide\u00e1, s\u00fa \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom komunik\u00e1cie o vede. V\u0161etky tieto infografiky som vytvoril pomocou online platformy Mind the graph, ktor\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje vedcom vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 p\u00fatav\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  1. Kolobeh uhl\u00edka a sklen\u00edkov\u00fd efekt - vedeck\u00e1 infografika.<\/a><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd je be\u017en\u00fd plyn pr\u00edtomn\u00fd v atmosf\u00e9re. Kolobeh uhl\u00edka na Zemi za norm\u00e1lnych okolnost\u00ed udr\u017eiava prirodzen\u00fa rovnov\u00e1hu uhl\u00edka v atmosf\u00e9re, na pevnine a v oce\u00e1noch prostredn\u00edctvom \"d\u00fdchania plan\u00e9ty\". \u013dudsk\u00e1 \u010dinnos\u0165 ako emisie fos\u00edlnych pal\u00edv v\u0161ak nar\u00fa\u0161a rovnov\u00e1hu uhl\u00edkov\u00e9ho cyklu, \u010do sp\u00f4sobuje zmenu kl\u00edmy, preto\u017ee zvy\u0161uje sklen\u00edkov\u00fd efekt a [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":8959,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":[],"categories":[66,958],"tags":[219,51,299,311,310,554],"yoast_head":"\nConsequences of ocean acidification on marine animals - Mind the Graph Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Scientists estimate that the oceans absorbed one-third of all the carbon dioxide produced by human activities causing ocean acidification\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/dosledky-okyslenia-oceanov\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Consequences of ocean acidification on marine animals - 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