{"id":8713,"date":"2019-04-18T18:07:31","date_gmt":"2019-04-18T21:07:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.mindthegraph.com\/?p=8713"},"modified":"2022-10-18T08:24:00","modified_gmt":"2022-10-18T11:24:00","slug":"brain-damage-pig-brains-alive-hours-death","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/poskodenie-mozgu-prasa-mozek-zivych-hodin-smrt\/","title":{"rendered":"Po\u0161kodenie mozgu: infografika na pochopenie nov\u00e9ho \u010dl\u00e1nku v \u010dasopise Nature"},"content":{"rendered":"

Vedci z Yaleovej univerzity udr\u017eiavali mozog o\u0161\u00edpan\u00fdch mimo tela nieko\u013eko hod\u00edn po smrti. Dokument Obnovenie mozgov\u00e9ho obehu a bunkov\u00fdch funkci\u00ed nieko\u013eko hod\u00edn po smrti<\/strong> vysvet\u013euje experiment s pou\u017eit\u00edm mozgov o\u0161\u00edpan\u00fdch, ktor\u00fd m\u00f4\u017ee prinies\u0165 svetlo do v\u00fdskumu po\u0161kodenia mozgu. \u010casopis Nature\u00a0uverejnen\u00e9 na <\/a>dokument 17. apr\u00edla.<\/p>\n

\"Po v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu \u013eudskej hist\u00f3rie bola smr\u0165 ve\u013emi jednoduch\u00e1,\"<\/em> hovor\u00ed Christof Koch. Je prezidentom a hlavn\u00fdm vedeck\u00fdm pracovn\u00edkom Allenovho in\u0161tit\u00fatu pre vedu o mozgu v Seattli v \u0161t\u00e1te Washington. \"Teraz sa mus\u00edme p\u00fdta\u0165, \u010do je nezvratn\u00e9.\"\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Medzi neur\u00f3nmi v t\u00fdchto mozgoch neprebieha \u017eiadna komunik\u00e1cia, tak\u017ee tam nebolo \u017eiadne vedomie. Ale bunky boli \u017eiv\u00e9 - a to je samo o sebe ve\u013emi ve\u013ek\u00fd objav.<\/p>\n

\"Predch\u00e1dzaj\u00face zistenia uk\u00e1zali, \u017ee bunky v podstate za nieko\u013eko min\u00fat prejd\u00fa procesom bunkovej smrti,\"<\/em>\u00a0povedal Nenad Sestan, neurol\u00f3g z Yale, ktor\u00fd viedol v\u00fdskum, na tla\u010dovej konferencii. \"Uk\u00e1zali sme, \u017ee proces bunkovej smrti je postupn\u00fd a niektor\u00e9 z t\u00fdchto procesov mo\u017eno oddiali\u0165, zachova\u0165 alebo dokonca zvr\u00e1ti\u0165.\"<\/em><\/p>\n

Experiment s po\u0161koden\u00edm mozgu<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Pod\u013ea \u010dasopisu Nature vedci testovali, ako sa mozgy spr\u00e1vaj\u00fa po\u010das \u0161iestich hod\u00edn. Zistili, \u017ee neur\u00f3ny a in\u00e9 mozgov\u00e9 bunky obnovili norm\u00e1lne metabolick\u00e9 funkcie, ako je spotreba cukru a produkcia oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho. Zd\u00e1 sa, \u017ee fungoval aj imunitn\u00fd syst\u00e9m mozgov. \u0160trukt\u00fary jednotliv\u00fdch buniek a \u010dast\u00ed mozgu boli zachovan\u00e9. Naopak, bunky v kontroln\u00fdch mozgoch, ktor\u00e9 nedost\u00e1vali roztok bohat\u00fd na \u017eiviny a kysl\u00edk, sa zr\u00fatili. A ke\u010f vedci pou\u017eili elektrick\u00fd pr\u00fad na vzorky tkaniva z o\u0161etren\u00fdch mozgov, zistili, \u017ee jednotliv\u00e9 neur\u00f3ny st\u00e1le dok\u00e1\u017eu pren\u00e1\u0161a\u0165 sign\u00e1l.<\/p>\n

Vedci vytvorili syst\u00e9m s n\u00e1zvom BrainEx, ktor\u00fd je \u0161peci\u00e1lne navrhnut\u00fd na oslabenie niektor\u00fdch procesov zodpovedn\u00fdch za degrad\u00e1ciu tkaniva v posmrtn\u00fdch mozgoch. Syst\u00e9m zah\u0155\u0148a \u010derpanie roztoku naz\u00fdvan\u00e9ho BEx perfus\u00e1t. Roztok je patentovan\u00e1 zmes ochrann\u00fdch, stabiliza\u010dn\u00fdch a kontrastn\u00fdch l\u00e1tok, ktor\u00e9 funguj\u00fa ako n\u00e1hrada krvi. Perfuz\u00e1t obsahuje aj chemick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, ktor\u00e9 zastavuj\u00fa oxid\u00e1ciu telesn\u00e9ho tkaniva, \u010do zastavuje apopt\u00f3zu. Obsahuje aj blok\u00e1tor nervovej aktivity, ktor\u00e9ho \u00fa\u010del je dvojak\u00fd. Roztok napumpovali do hlavn\u00fdch tepien izolovan\u00e9ho mozgu pri norm\u00e1lnej telesnej teplote.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"o\u0161\u00edpan\u00e9\"<\/a>
Obr\u00e1zok v \u010dl\u00e1nku ukazuje, ako bol k zariadeniu BEx pripojen\u00fd cel\u00fd mozog. Pripojenie prasa\u010dieho mozgu k perf\u00faznemu syst\u00e9mu sa uskuto\u010dnilo prostredn\u00edctvom arteri\u00e1lnych liniek.\u00a0<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

V\u00fdskumn\u00edci pou\u017eili pribli\u017ene 300 prasac\u00edch hl\u00e1v z bit\u00fanku americk\u00e9ho ministerstva po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstva. Po optimaliz\u00e1cii technol\u00f3gie t\u00edm pripojil 32 prasac\u00edch mozgov k syst\u00e9mu BrainEx. Pripojenie vykonali 4 hodiny po usmrten\u00ed o\u0161\u00edpan\u00fdch a po vybrat\u00ed mozgov z lebiek. T\u00e1to po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e1 sie\u0165 \u010derpadiel, ohrieva\u010dov a filtrov kontrolovala prietok, teplotu a patentovan\u00fd roztok perfuz\u00e1tu po\u010das \u0161iestich hod\u00edn.<\/p>\n

Infografika na pochopenie experimentu<\/strong><\/h2>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"n\u00e1h\u013ead_77833<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

T\u00fato infografiku som vytvoril pomocou Mind the Graph. Ak chcete pou\u017ei\u0165 atrakt\u00edvne vedeck\u00e9 ilustr\u00e1cie, aby ste svoj\u00edm v\u00fdskumom oslovili viac \u013eud\u00ed, m\u00f4\u017eete pou\u017ei\u0165 aj mind the Graph!<\/p>\n

\"n\u00e1h\u013ead_250\"<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Vedci z Yaleovej univerzity udr\u017eiavali mozog o\u0161\u00edpan\u00fdch mimo tela nieko\u013eko hod\u00edn po smrti. \u010cl\u00e1nok Obnova mozgov\u00e9ho obehu a bunkov\u00fdch funkci\u00ed nieko\u013eko hod\u00edn po smrti vysvet\u013euje experiment s pou\u017eit\u00edm mozgov o\u0161\u00edpan\u00fdch, ktor\u00fd m\u00f4\u017ee prinies\u0165 svetlo do v\u00fdskumu po\u0161kodenia mozgu. \u010casopis Nature uverejnil \u010dl\u00e1nok 17. apr\u00edla. \"Po v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu \u013eudskej hist\u00f3rie bola smr\u0165 ve\u013emi jednoduch\u00e1,\" [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":8721,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[54,288,287,286,282,554,71,964,775,70],"yoast_head":"\nBrain damage: an infographic to understand the new Nature paper - Mind the Graph Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Scientists from Yale University kept pig brains alive for hours after death. 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