{"id":5346,"date":"2016-03-03T13:41:11","date_gmt":"2016-03-03T16:41:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.mindthegraph.com\/?p=5346"},"modified":"2022-10-18T08:29:24","modified_gmt":"2022-10-18T11:29:24","slug":"zika-virus-graphical-abstract","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/zika-virus-graphical-abstract\/","title":{"rendered":"Grafick\u00fd abstrakt o v\u00edruse Zika a mikrocef\u00e1lii"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pochopenie grafick\u00e9ho abstraktu v\u00edrusu Zika: Ako zmen\u0161uje ve\u013ekos\u0165 mozgu<\/h3>\n

Dne\u0161n\u00e1 v\u00fdskumn\u00e1 \u0161t\u00fadia pridala zauj\u00edmav\u00e9 d\u00f4kazy o \u00falohe v\u00edrusu Zika pri malform\u00e1ci\u00e1ch nervov\u00fdch tkan\u00edv. \u00c1no, sk\u00f4r ako sa op\u00fdtate, \u013eudsk\u00e9 nervov\u00e9 tkanivo.<\/p>\n

Elegantne to urobila skupina Dr. Stevensa Rehena, medzin\u00e1rodne zn\u00e1meho v\u00fdskumn\u00edka v oblasti v\u00fdskumu kme\u0148ov\u00fdch buniek a najnov\u0161ie aj v oblasti reprogramovania buniek.<\/p>\n

Na nasleduj\u00facom obr\u00e1zku s\u00fa zhrnut\u00e9 zistenia papier<\/a>, ale pok\u00fasim sa to stru\u010dne vysvetli\u0165.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"blog<\/p>\n

Tento preh\u013eadn\u00fd grafick\u00fd abstrakt o v\u00edruse Zika bol vytvoren\u00fd pomocou programu Mind the graph. Nie je to super?<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ako vid\u00edte na obr\u00e1zku vy\u0161\u0161ie, v tomto v\u00fdskume sa pou\u017eili tri r\u00f4zne pr\u00edstupy. V\u0161etky z nich potvrdzuj\u00fa, \u017ee v\u00edrus Zika m\u00e1 priamy vplyv na to, ako sa mozgov\u00e9 bunky vyv\u00edjaj\u00fa, aby vytvorili spr\u00e1vne neur\u00f3nov\u00e9 tkanivo, tzv.\"V\u00edrus<\/a>Mikrocef\u00e1lia je len jednou z malform\u00e1ci\u00ed mozgu. \u010cl\u00e1nok nazna\u010duje nie\u010do e\u0161te z\u00e1sadnej\u0161ie.<\/p>\n

Ukazuj\u00fa, ako v\u00edrus Zika:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Podporuje bunkov\u00fa smr\u0165<\/li>\n
  2. Vyvol\u00e1va morfologick\u00e9 zmeny (v neurosf\u00e9rach)<\/li>\n
  3. Zni\u017euje rast\/ve\u013ekos\u0165 mozgov\u00fdch organoidov (mini mozgov)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Toto v\u0161etko s\u00fa sp\u00f4soby, ako v\u00edrus Zika ovplyv\u0148uje neurogen\u00e9zu po\u010das v\u00fdvoja \u013eudsk\u00e9ho mozgu a sp\u00f4sobuje fenotyp, ktor\u00fd vid\u00edte ni\u017e\u0161ie.<\/p>\n

    \"V\u00edrus<\/a><\/p>\n

    <\/h3>\n

    Pre\u010do sa to neurobilo u\u017e sk\u00f4r?<\/h3>\n

    Prelomov\u00fdm pr\u00edstupom bolo pou\u017eitie kme\u0148ov\u00fdch buniek s indukovanou pluripotenciou (iPS bunky) na \u0161t\u00fadium v\u00edrusovej infekcie v \u013eudsk\u00fdch bunk\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

    T\u00fdmto procesom sa somatick\u00e1 bunka odobrat\u00e1 \u010dloveku preprogramuje na p\u00f4vodn\u00fd stav pluripotentnej bunky a n\u00e1sledne sa m\u00f4\u017ee diferencova\u0165 na r\u00f4zne bunky, tkaniv\u00e1 a najnov\u0161ie aj org\u00e1ny. Toto je \u00fapln\u00fd za\u010diatok \"\u013eudsk\u00e9ho tkanivov\u00e9ho in\u017einierstva\".<\/p>\n

    V \u0161t\u00fadii autori nepou\u017eili len iPS bunky, ale vytvorili mozgov\u00e9 organoidy<\/a>, zn\u00e1me aj ako \"mini mozgy\", aby sme pochopili, ako pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 v\u00edrusu Zika ovplyv\u0148uje tvorbu tohto neur\u00f3nov\u00e9ho tkaniva.<\/p>\n

    Tak\u00e9to bunkov\u00e9 kult\u00fary sa pova\u017euj\u00fa za trojrozmern\u00e9 (3D) \u0161trukt\u00fary a poskytuj\u00fa viac inform\u00e1ci\u00ed o architekt\u00fare org\u00e1nov. Toto je rok organoidu pod\u013ea Ekon\u00f3m<\/a>. Pomocou tohto inovat\u00edvneho pr\u00edstupu mohli vedci pochopi\u0165, ako v\u00edrus zika zasahuje \u013eudsk\u00e9 mozgov\u00e9 bunky a zni\u017euje ich \u017eivotaschopnos\u0165 a rast v podobe neurogu\u013e\u00f4\u010dok a mozgov\u00fdch organoidov.<\/p>\n

    Str\u00e1nka papier<\/a> je v predtla\u010di v inovat\u00edvnom \u010dasopise PeerJ. Dokonca ho m\u00f4\u017eete po\u010das procesu pripomienkova\u0165 a pom\u00f4c\u0165 autorom ho vylep\u0161i\u0165. Ni\u017e\u0161ie si m\u00f4\u017eete pozrie\u0165 abstrakt a pln\u00fd pr\u00edstup z\u00edskate kliknut\u00edm na tu<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    \"V\u00edrus<\/a><\/p>\n

    Pozn\u00e1mka: Dva mesiace po uverejnen\u00ed predbe\u017en\u00e9ho v\u00fdtla\u010dku na PeerJ z marca 2016 bol vydan\u00fd kone\u010dn\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nok a na na\u0161e prekvapenie bol uverejnen\u00e9 na port\u00e1li Science <\/a>Magazine, jeden z najprest\u00ed\u017enej\u0161\u00edch vedeck\u00fdch \u010dasopisov na svete.<\/p>\n

    -> Pre\u010d\u00edtajte si cel\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nok od Garcez et al v \u010dasopise Science <-<\/a><\/p>\n

    \"V\u00edrus<\/a><\/p>\n

    Nech sa o tom dozvie viac \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00ed zdie\u013eaj\u00fa tento pr\u00edspevok. Ide o ot\u00e1zku glob\u00e1lneho verejn\u00e9ho zdravia, ako u\u017e uviedol Svetov\u00e1 zdravotn\u00edcka organiz\u00e1cia<\/a>\u00a0(WHO).<\/p>\n

    \n

     <\/p>\n

    Vedie\u0165, \u010do Rady WHO o v\u00edruse Zika<\/a>\u00a0prenos a infekcia:<\/p>\n

    \n

    Prenos<\/h3>\n

    V\u00edrus Zika sa na \u010dloveka pren\u00e1\u0161a predov\u0161etk\u00fdm uhryznut\u00edm od Aedes<\/i> kom\u00e1re, ktor\u00e9 \u010dasto \u017eij\u00fa v okol\u00ed budov v mestsk\u00fdch oblastiach a zvy\u010dajne s\u00fa akt\u00edvne po\u010das denn\u00e9ho svetla (najvy\u0161\u0161ia aktivita sa vyskytuje skoro r\u00e1no a neskoro popoludn\u00ed).<\/p>\n

    Niektor\u00e9 d\u00f4kazy nazna\u010duj\u00fa, \u017ee v\u00edrus Zika sa m\u00f4\u017ee na \u010dloveka prenies\u0165 aj transf\u00faziou krvi, perinat\u00e1lnym prenosom a pohlavn\u00fdm prenosom. Tieto sp\u00f4soby s\u00fa v\u0161ak ve\u013emi zriedkav\u00e9.<\/p>\n

    Inkuba\u010dn\u00e1 doba je zvy\u010dajne 2 a\u017e 7 dn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

    Pr\u00edznaky a sympt\u00f3my<\/h3>\n

    Infekcia v\u00edrusom Zika je charakterizovan\u00e1 n\u00edzkou hor\u00fa\u010dkou (menej ako 38,5 \u00b0C), ktor\u00fa \u010dasto sprev\u00e1dza makulopapul\u00e1rna vyr\u00e1\u017eka. Medzi \u010fal\u0161ie be\u017en\u00e9 pr\u00edznaky patria bolesti svalov, bolesti k\u013abov s mo\u017en\u00fdm opuchom (najm\u00e4 mal\u00fdch k\u013abov r\u00fak a n\u00f4h), bolesti hlavy, bolesti za o\u010dami a z\u00e1pal spojiviek. Ke\u010f\u017ee pr\u00edznaky s\u00fa \u010dasto mierne, infekcia m\u00f4\u017ee zosta\u0165 nerozpoznan\u00e1 alebo m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 nespr\u00e1vne diagnostikovan\u00e1 ako hor\u00fa\u010dka dengue.<\/p>\n

    O\u010dak\u00e1va sa vysok\u00e1 miera asymptomatickej infekcie v\u00edrusom Zika, podobne ako pri in\u00fdch flaviv\u00edrusoch, ako je v\u00edrus dengue a z\u00e1padon\u00edlsky v\u00edrus. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina \u013eud\u00ed sa \u00faplne zotav\u00ed bez z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdch komplik\u00e1ci\u00ed a po\u010det hospitaliz\u00e1ci\u00ed je n\u00edzky. Doteraz nebolo hl\u00e1sen\u00e9 \u017eiadne \u00famrtie spojen\u00e9 s v\u00edrusom Zika.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Aktualizovan\u00e9 3. m\u00e1ja 2016.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Pochopte grafick\u00fd abstrakt v\u00edrusu Zika: Ako zmen\u0161uje ve\u013ekos\u0165 mozgu V\u00fdskumn\u00e1 \u0161t\u00fadia dnes pridala zauj\u00edmav\u00e9 d\u00f4kazy o \u00falohe v\u00edrusu Zika pri malform\u00e1cii nervov\u00fdch tkan\u00edv. Ach, \u00e1no, sk\u00f4r ne\u017e sa sp\u00fdtate, \u013eudsk\u00e9 nervov\u00e9 tkanivo. Elegantne to urobila skupina Dr. Stevensa Rehena, medzin\u00e1rodne zn\u00e1meho v\u00fdskumn\u00edka v oblasti [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":7136,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[956],"tags":[96,201,200,203,202,205,554,71,250,204,199],"yoast_head":"\nZika virus graphical abstract on microcephaly - Mind the Graph Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"This insightful Zika virus graphical abstract was done with Mind the graph. 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