{"id":31472,"date":"2023-10-23T07:43:00","date_gmt":"2023-10-23T10:43:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/how-to-write-discussion-questions-copy\/"},"modified":"2023-10-24T11:12:11","modified_gmt":"2023-10-24T14:12:11","slug":"what-does-ibid-mean","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/co-znamena-ponuka\/","title":{"rendered":"Demystifik\u00e1cia Ibid: \u010co znamen\u00e1 Ibid v akademickom p\u00edsan\u00ed?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\"Ibidem\" je skratka pre latinsk\u00fd v\u00fdraz \"ibidem\", \u010do znamen\u00e1 \"na tom istom mieste\". Pochopenie v\u00fdznamu a spr\u00e1vneho pou\u017e\u00edvania skratky \"ibidem\" je nevyhnutn\u00e9 pre zachovanie jasnosti a efekt\u00edvnosti akademick\u00e9ho p\u00edsania, zefekt\u00edvnenie procesu citovania a zabezpe\u010denie presn\u00e9ho pripisovania. V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku sa budeme venova\u0165 defin\u00edcii, \u00fa\u010delu a praktick\u00e9mu pou\u017eitiu slova \"ibidem\", aby ste z\u00edskali vedomosti, ktor\u00e9 v\u00e1m pom\u00f4\u017eu efekt\u00edvne ho za\u010dleni\u0165 do akademick\u00e9ho p\u00edsania.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-what-does-ibid-mean-in-academic-writing-and-how-is-it-used\"><strong>\u010co znamen\u00e1 tamtie\u017e v akademickom p\u00edsan\u00ed a ako sa pou\u017e\u00edva?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>V akademickom p\u00edsan\u00ed sa \"ibid\" pou\u017e\u00edva ako odkaz na cit\u00e1ciu, ktor\u00fd ozna\u010duje, \u017ee citovan\u00fd zdroj je rovnak\u00fd ako predch\u00e1dzaj\u00faci. Je to u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9 najm\u00e4 vtedy, ke\u010f po sebe id\u00face cit\u00e1cie poch\u00e1dzaj\u00fa z toho ist\u00e9ho diela a maj\u00fa to ist\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo strany. Namiesto opakovania celej cit\u00e1cie sa namiesto mena autora, n\u00e1zvu a inform\u00e1ci\u00ed o publik\u00e1cii vlo\u017e\u00ed \"ibid\". Umo\u017e\u0148uje to stru\u010dnej\u0161\u00ed a preh\u013eadnej\u0161\u00ed odkaz, pri\u010dom sa st\u00e1le uv\u00e1dza, \u017ee inform\u00e1cia poch\u00e1dza z rovnak\u00e9ho zdroja ako predch\u00e1dzaj\u00faca cit\u00e1cia. Pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00edm \"ibid\" sa autori m\u00f4\u017eu vyhn\u00fa\u0165 nadbyto\u010dnosti a zachova\u0165 preh\u013eadnos\u0165 svojho p\u00edsania, najm\u00e4 ke\u010f sa v tesnej bl\u00edzkosti vyskytuje viacero cit\u00e1ci\u00ed.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-what-does-ibid-mean-in-chicago-style\"><strong>\u010co znamen\u00e1 tamtie\u017e v chicagskom \u0161t\u00fdle?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/chicago-style-citation\/\">Chicagsk\u00fd \u0161t\u00fdl<\/a> umo\u017e\u0148uje pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 \"ibid\" v pozn\u00e1mkach pod \u010diarou alebo v pozn\u00e1mkach na konci, aby sa zjednodu\u0161ilo odkazovanie a zachovala preh\u013eadnos\u0165 vedeck\u00e9ho textu. Na zabezpe\u010denie spr\u00e1vneho pou\u017e\u00edvania zoh\u013eadnite nasleduj\u00face pokyny:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Miesto \"Tamtie\u017e\". (s ve\u013ek\u00fdm \"I\") v nasleduj\u00facej cit\u00e1cii, ak odkazuje na ten ist\u00fd zdroj ako bezprostredne predch\u00e1dzaj\u00faca cit\u00e1cia.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ak sa n\u00e1sledn\u00e1 cit\u00e1cia vz\u0165ahuje na in\u00fa stranu v r\u00e1mci toho ist\u00e9ho zdroja, uve\u010fte \u010d\u00edslo strany (str\u00e1n).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ak sa medzi dvoma pr\u00edpadmi toho ist\u00e9ho zdroja nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa \u010fal\u0161ie cit\u00e1cie, uve\u010fte \u00fapln\u00fa cit\u00e1ciu ka\u017ed\u00e9ho \u010fal\u0161ieho zdroja.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ak n\u00e1sledn\u00e1 cit\u00e1cia odkazuje na in\u00e9 dielo, uve\u010fte \u00fapln\u00fa cit\u00e1ciu ako zvy\u010dajne.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Uistite sa, \u017ee ste dodr\u017eali \u0161pecifick\u00e9 pokyny Chicagsk\u00e9ho \u0161t\u00fdlu pre form\u00e1tovanie pozn\u00e1mok pod \u010diarou alebo pozn\u00e1mok na konci vr\u00e1tane pou\u017e\u00edvania horn\u00fdch indexov, interpunkcie a form\u00e1tovania cit\u00e1ci\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-first-use-of-source-full-bibliography-one-page-number\"><strong>Prv\u00e9 pou\u017eitie zdroja. \u00dapln\u00e1 bibliografia. \u010c\u00edslo jednej strany.<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>V chicagskom \u0161t\u00fdle plat\u00ed, \u017ee ak m\u00e1te v pr\u00e1ci po sebe id\u00face pozn\u00e1mky, ktor\u00e9 poch\u00e1dzaj\u00fa z toho ist\u00e9ho zdroja s rovnak\u00fdm \u010d\u00edslom strany, je potrebn\u00e9 s nimi zaobch\u00e1dza\u0165 osobitn\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom. Ke\u010f citujete prv\u00fa pozn\u00e1mku, uvediete cel\u00fd bibliografick\u00fd z\u00e1znam s menom autora, n\u00e1zvom diela a \u010d\u00edslom strany. Pri \u010fal\u0161\u00edch pozn\u00e1mkach, ktor\u00e9 tie\u017e cituj\u00fa t\u00fa ist\u00fa stranu, v\u0161ak m\u00f4\u017eete jednoducho pou\u017ei\u0165 \"Tamtie\u017e\". Pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00edm \"Tamtie\u017e\" m\u00f4\u017eete u\u0161etri\u0165 miesto a vyhn\u00fa\u0165 sa opakovaniu v cit\u00e1ci\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pr\u00edklad:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>1. John Smith, <em>Hist\u00f3ria Chicaga<\/em>, 45.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2. Tam\u017ee.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Obe pozn\u00e1mky odkazuj\u00fa na stranu 45 knihy Johna Smitha: <em>Hist\u00f3ria Chicaga.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-second-use-of-source-full-bibliography-one-page-number\"><strong>Druh\u00e9 pou\u017eitie zdroja. \u00dapln\u00e1 bibliografia. Jedno \u010d\u00edslo strany<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>V chicagskom \u0161t\u00fdle, ke\u010f m\u00e1te v pr\u00e1ci po sebe id\u00face pozn\u00e1mky, ktor\u00e9 poch\u00e1dzaj\u00fa z toho ist\u00e9ho zdroja s t\u00fdm ist\u00fdm \u010d\u00edslom strany, a pou\u017e\u00edvate \u00fapln\u00fa bibliografiu, ale nie je to prv\u00e1 citovan\u00e1 pozn\u00e1mka, je potrebn\u00e9 dodr\u017ea\u0165 \u0161pecifick\u00fd form\u00e1t. V tomto pr\u00edpade mus\u00edte v pozn\u00e1mke uvies\u0165 len priezvisko autora, preto\u017ee cel\u00e9 meno by bolo uveden\u00e9 v predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facej pozn\u00e1mke.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pr\u00edklad:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>10. Smith, <em>Hist\u00f3ria Chicaga<\/em>, 45.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>11. Tamtie\u017e.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Obe pozn\u00e1mky odkazuj\u00fa na stranu 45 knihy Johna Smitha: <em>Hist\u00f3ria Chicaga<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-multiple-use-of-source-no-full-bibliography-one-page-number\"><strong>Viacn\u00e1sobn\u00e9 pou\u017eitie zdroja. \u017diadna \u00fapln\u00e1 bibliografia. Jedno \u010d\u00edslo strany<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ak po sebe nasleduj\u00face pozn\u00e1mky v r\u00e1mci akademickej pr\u00e1ce poch\u00e1dzaj\u00fa z toho ist\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla strany v tom istom odkaze a nepou\u017e\u00edva sa \u00fapln\u00e1 bibliografia, pri prvej cit\u00e1cii dan\u00e9ho zdroja by sa mal dodr\u017ea\u0165 osobitn\u00fd postup. V tomto pr\u00edpade by prv\u00e1 pozn\u00e1mka mala obsahova\u0165 \u00fapln\u00e9 \u00fadaje o cit\u00e1cii, ako je meno autora, n\u00e1zov zdroja, miesto vydania, vydavate\u013estvo a rok vydania.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pr\u00edklad:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>1. John Adams, <em>Zalo\u017eenie Ameriky <\/em>(New York: ABC Publishers, 2019), 78.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2. Tam\u017ee.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Obe pozn\u00e1mky odkazuj\u00fa na stranu 78 knihy Johna Adamsa: <em>Zalo\u017eenie Ameriky<\/em>a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pr\u00edklad:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>10. Mark Johnson,<em> Efekt\u00edvne gramatick\u00e9 techniky <\/em>(Lond\u00fdn: PQR Publishing, 2024), 32.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>11. Tamtie\u017e.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Obe pozn\u00e1mky odkazuj\u00fa na stranu 32 knihy Marka Johnsona: <em>Efekt\u00edvne gramatick\u00e9 techniky.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-consecutive-uses-of-source-no-full-bibliography-one-page-number\"><strong>Postupn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvanie zdroja. \u017diadna \u00fapln\u00e1 bibliografia. Jedno \u010d\u00edslo strany<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ak sa viacero po sebe nasleduj\u00facich pozn\u00e1mok odvol\u00e1va na to ist\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo strany v tom istom zdroji a nepou\u017e\u00edva sa \u00fapln\u00e1 bibliografia, mal by sa pou\u017ei\u0165 nasleduj\u00faci pr\u00edklad, ak nejde o prv\u00fa pozn\u00e1mku cituj\u00facu dan\u00fd zdroj:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pr\u00edklad:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>5. Nezn\u00e1my, <em>Chicagsk\u00e1 pr\u00edru\u010dka \u0161t\u00fdlu<\/em>, 45.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>6. Tamtie\u017e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>7. Tamtie\u017e.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u0161etky tri pozn\u00e1mky odkazuj\u00fa na stranu 45 knihy Johna Doeho:<em> Chicagsk\u00e1 pr\u00edru\u010dka \u0161t\u00fdlu<\/em>. V \u00favodnej pozn\u00e1mke sa uv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa \u00fapln\u00e9 \u00fadaje o zdroji. Aby sa predi\u0161lo opakovaniu, m\u00f4\u017ee sa pou\u017ei\u0165 skr\u00e1ten\u00e1 pozn\u00e1mka, v ktorej sa uvedie len priezvisko autora. Tento postup je od\u00f4vodnen\u00fd dostupnos\u0165ou \u00fapln\u00fdch inform\u00e1ci\u00ed v prvej pozn\u00e1mke.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pr\u00edklad:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>9. Biela, <em>Sila slov<\/em>, 102.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>10. Tamtie\u017e.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Obe pozn\u00e1mky odkazuj\u00fa na stranu 102 knihy Emily Whiteovej <em>Sila slov<\/em>. Tento pr\u00edstup je vhodn\u00fd vzh\u013eadom na to, \u017ee inform\u00e1cie s\u00fa u\u017e k dispoz\u00edcii v prvej pozn\u00e1mke.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-consecutive-uses-of-source-no-full-bibliography-different-page-numbers\"><strong>Postupn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvanie zdroja. \u017diadna \u00fapln\u00e1 bibliografia. R\u00f4zne \u010d\u00edsla str\u00e1n<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ak m\u00e1te v texte po sebe id\u00face pozn\u00e1mky, ktor\u00e9 poch\u00e1dzaj\u00fa z rovnak\u00e9ho zdroja, ale maj\u00fa r\u00f4zne \u010d\u00edsla str\u00e1n, m\u00f4\u017eete pou\u017ei\u0165 \"Ibid.\" na ozna\u010denie rovnak\u00e9ho autora a n\u00e1zvu, pri\u010dom uvediete nov\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo strany.<br><br>Pr\u00edklad:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>1. John Smith, <em>Hist\u00f3ria Chicaga<\/em>, 45.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2. Tam\u017ee, 57.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3. Tam\u017ee, 62.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>10. Jane Doe, <em>Umenie p\u00edsania<\/em>, 78.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>11. Tam\u017ee, 85.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>25. Mark Johnson,<em> Efekt\u00edvne gramatick\u00e9 techniky<\/em>, 32.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>26. Tam\u017ee, 41.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>37. Tam\u017ee, 55.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"h-not-first-use-of-source-different-page-numbers-interspersed-with-other-sources\"><strong>Nie prv\u00e9 pou\u017eitie zdroja. Odli\u0161n\u00e9 \u010d\u00edsla str\u00e1n. Prel\u00ednanie s in\u00fdmi zdrojmi<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ak m\u00e1te v texte viacero pozn\u00e1mok, ktor\u00e9 odkazuj\u00fa na t\u00fa ist\u00fa stranu v tom istom diele, ale medzi nimi m\u00e1te aj pozn\u00e1mky odkazuj\u00face na in\u00e9 diela, je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 zachova\u0165 preh\u013eadnos\u0165 v odkazovan\u00ed. V tak\u00fdchto pr\u00edpadoch sa pre po sebe id\u00face pozn\u00e1mky v r\u00e1mci toho ist\u00e9ho diela a \u010d\u00edsla strany pou\u017e\u00edva \"Tam\u017ee\".&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pr\u00edklad:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>1. John Smith, <em>Hist\u00f3ria Chicaga<\/em>, 45.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2. Tam\u017ee.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3. Tam\u017ee, 62.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4. Hawthorne, <em>\u0160arl\u00e1tov\u00e9 p\u00edsmeno<\/em>, 101.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>5. John Smith,<em> Hist\u00f3ria Chicaga<\/em>, 110.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Hoci<em> Hist\u00f3ria Chicaga <\/em>sa uv\u00e1dza v pozn\u00e1mkach 1 - 3, pozn\u00e1mka 5 mus\u00ed st\u00e1le obsahova\u0165 \u00fapln\u00e9 \u00fadaje o diele, preto\u017ee pozn\u00e1mka 4 sa vz\u0165ahuje na in\u00fd zdroj.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pr\u00edklad:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>6. Jane Doe, <em>Umenie p\u00edsania<\/em> (New York: ABC Publishers, 2023), 78.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>7. Tam\u017ee, 85.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>8. Mark Johnson, <em>Efekt\u00edvne gramatick\u00e9 techniky<\/em> (Lond\u00fdn: PQR Publishing, 2024), 32.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>9. Tam\u017ee.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>10. Tam\u017ee, 41.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>11. Doe,<em> Umenie p\u00edsania<\/em>, 102.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>12. Tam\u017ee, 115-119.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Napriek predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facim odkazom na <em>Umenie p\u00edsania<\/em> v pozn\u00e1mkach 6-7, je potrebn\u00e9 v pozn\u00e1mkach 11-12 znovu uvies\u0165 autora a n\u00e1zov, preto\u017ee pozn\u00e1mky 8-10 sa t\u00fdkaj\u00fa in\u00e9ho diela. Ke\u010f\u017ee v\u0161ak u\u017e bolo uveden\u00e9 cel\u00e9 meno autora a vydavate\u013estvo, v pozn\u00e1mkach 11 a\u017e 12 posta\u010duje skr\u00e1ten\u00e1 pozn\u00e1mka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-using-short-notes-instead-of-ibid\"><strong>Pou\u017e\u00edvanie kr\u00e1tkych pozn\u00e1mok namiesto tamt\u00fdch<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ak vo svojom akademickom texte uprednost\u0148ujete pou\u017e\u00edvanie kr\u00e1tkych pozn\u00e1mok namiesto \"ibid.\", m\u00f4\u017eete postupova\u0165 pod\u013ea t\u00fdchto pokynov:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Pou\u017eite priezvisko autora, za ktor\u00fdm nasleduje kr\u00e1tky n\u00e1zov alebo k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 slovo zo zdroja.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>V pr\u00edpade potreby uve\u010fte konkr\u00e9tne \u010d\u00edslo strany (str\u00e1n).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Uistite sa, \u017ee skr\u00e1ten\u00e1 pozn\u00e1mka poskytuje dostatok inform\u00e1ci\u00ed na jasn\u00fa identifik\u00e1ciu zdroja.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ak sa medzi dvoma pr\u00edpadmi toho ist\u00e9ho zdroja nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa \u010fal\u0161ie cit\u00e1cie, uve\u010fte ku ka\u017ed\u00e9mu \u010fal\u0161iemu zdroju kr\u00e1tku pozn\u00e1mku.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ak n\u00e1sledn\u00e1 cit\u00e1cia odkazuje na in\u00e9 dielo, uve\u010fte \u00fapln\u00fa cit\u00e1ciu ako zvy\u010dajne.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Tu je pr\u00edklad na ilustr\u00e1ciu pou\u017eitia kr\u00e1tkych pozn\u00e1mok:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p><strong>Prv\u00e1 cit\u00e1cia:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>John Smith, \"The Effects of Climate Change\", Environmental Studies Journal 25, \u010d. 2 (2019): 45.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>N\u00e1sledn\u00e1 cit\u00e1cia (rovnak\u00fd zdroj):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2. Smith, \"Klimatick\u00e9 zmeny\", 50.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>N\u00e1sledn\u00e1 cit\u00e1cia (in\u00fd zdroj):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3. Emily Johnson, \"Ochrana biodiverzity\", Conservation Review 10, no. 3 (2020): 112.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>N\u00e1sledn\u00e1 cit\u00e1cia (pokra\u010dovanie kr\u00e1tkej pozn\u00e1mky k tomu ist\u00e9mu zdroju):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4. Smith, \"Klimatick\u00e9 zmeny\", 115.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Nezabudnite sa riadi\u0165 konkr\u00e9tnymi pokynmi cita\u010dn\u00e9ho \u0161t\u00fdlu, ktor\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edvate (ako napr. <a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/chicago-style-citation\/\">Chicago<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/apa-formatting-2\/\">APA<\/a>alebo MLA), aby ste zaistili konzistentnos\u0165 a presnos\u0165 cit\u00e1ci\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-is-ibid-used-in-apa-and-mla-citations\"><strong>Pou\u017e\u00edva sa tamtie\u017e v cit\u00e1ci\u00e1ch APA a MLA?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>V \u0161t\u00fdle APA a MLA sa nepou\u017e\u00edva ibid. Je to preto, \u017ee oba pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa cit\u00e1cie v texte v z\u00e1tvork\u00e1ch namiesto pozn\u00e1mok pod \u010diarou. Tieto cit\u00e1cie odkazuj\u00fa na \u00fapln\u00fd zoznam zdrojov usporiadan\u00fd pod\u013ea abecedy na konci \u010dl\u00e1nku. Hoci pozn\u00e1mky mo\u017eno st\u00e1le pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 na pozn\u00e1mky a vysvetlenia, ktor\u00e9 sa nezmestia do hlavn\u00e9ho textu, odkazy v texte s\u00fa u\u017e dostato\u010dne stru\u010dn\u00e9. Nie je potrebn\u00e9 ich \u010falej zhus\u0165ova\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p><strong>Pr\u00edklad \u0161t\u00fdlu APA:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pod\u013ea Darwina (1859) \"podnebie zohr\u00e1va d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa \u00falohu pri ur\u010dovan\u00ed priemern\u00e9ho po\u010dtu druhov\" (s. 67).<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p><strong>Pr\u00edklad \u0161t\u00fdlu MLA:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zd\u00f4raz\u0148uj\u00fac be\u017en\u00fa myln\u00fa predstavu o vz\u00e1cnosti, Darwin zd\u00f4raz\u0148uje, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd druh \"neust\u00e1le trp\u00ed obrovskou de\u0161trukciou v ur\u010ditom obdob\u00ed svojho \u017eivota\" (67).<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-online-infographic-maker-for-science\"><strong>Online infografika Maker pre vedu<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mind the Graph<\/a> pon\u00faka rozsiahlu kni\u017enicu ilustr\u00e1ci\u00ed, ikon a \u0161abl\u00f3n s vedeckou tematikou, ktor\u00e9 mo\u017eno prisp\u00f4sobi\u0165 a kombinova\u0165 s textom, grafmi a obr\u00e1zkami na vytvorenie vizu\u00e1lne ohromuj\u00facej grafiky.<strong> <\/strong>Vedci m\u00f4\u017eu vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 Mind the Graph na vytv\u00e1ranie profesion\u00e1lne vyzeraj\u00facich infografik, plag\u00e1tov, prezent\u00e1ci\u00ed a in\u00fdch vizu\u00e1lnych materi\u00e1lov, aby mohli efekt\u00edvne komunikova\u0165 svoje v\u00fdskumn\u00e9 zistenia, koncepty a \u00fadaje a dosiahnu\u0165 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed vplyv v pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch oblastiach.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:21px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"478\" height=\"337\" src=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/infographics.png\" alt=\"infografiky\" class=\"wp-image-29948\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/infographics.png 478w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/infographics-300x212.png 300w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/infographics-18x12.png 18w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/infographics-100x71.png 100w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/infographics-150x106.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 478px) 100vw, 478px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:21px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button aligncenter\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/\" style=\"border-radius:50px;background-color:#dc1866\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Za\u010dnite tvori\u0165 s Mind the Graph<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:44px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pochopi\u0165 v\u00fdznam slova \"ibid\" a jeho pou\u017eitie v akademickom a pr\u00e1vnickom p\u00edsan\u00ed. Presk\u00famajte postupy citovania a zlep\u0161ite svoje zru\u010dnosti v oblasti odkazovania. <\/p>","protected":false},"author":35,"featured_media":31522,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Demystifying Ibid: What Does Ibid Mean In Academic Writing? - Mind the Graph Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Understand the meaning of &#039;ibid&#039; and its usage in academic and legal writing. 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