{"id":29892,"date":"2023-10-14T06:04:00","date_gmt":"2023-10-14T09:04:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/academic-report-format-copy\/"},"modified":"2023-10-10T18:12:07","modified_gmt":"2023-10-10T21:12:07","slug":"ordinal-data-examples","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/ordinal-data-examples\/","title":{"rendered":"Sk\u00famanie ordin\u00e1lnych \u00fadajov: Pr\u00edklady a pou\u017eitie"},"content":{"rendered":"

V oblasti v\u00fdskumu a anal\u00fdzy \u00fadajov je pochopenie r\u00f4znych typov \u00fadajov nevyhnutn\u00e9 na vyvodenie zmyslupln\u00fdch z\u00e1verov a prij\u00edmanie informovan\u00fdch rozhodnut\u00ed. Jedn\u00fdm z tak\u00fdchto typov s\u00fa poradov\u00e9 \u00fadaje, ktor\u00e9 zohr\u00e1vaj\u00fa k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fa \u00falohu v r\u00f4znych odboroch, od spolo\u010densk\u00fdch vied a\u017e po prieskum trhu. Pochopenie toho, \u010do predstavuj\u00fa ordin\u00e1lne \u00fadaje a ako sa l\u00ed\u0161ia od in\u00fdch typov \u00fadajov, je nevyhnutn\u00e9 pre v\u00fdskumn\u00edkov, ktor\u00fdch cie\u013eom je z\u00edska\u0165 zmyslupln\u00e9 poznatky zo svojich s\u00faborov \u00fadajov. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nok poskytne komplexn\u00e9 vysvetlenie toho, \u010do s\u00fa ordin\u00e1lne \u00fadaje a ak\u00fd je ich v\u00fdznam v oblasti v\u00fdskumu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010co s\u00fa to radov\u00e9 \u00fadaje?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Poradov\u00e9 \u00fadaje s\u00fa typom kategori\u00e1lnych \u00fadajov, v ktor\u00fdch maj\u00fa kateg\u00f3rie prirodzen\u00e9 poradie alebo zoradenie. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee kateg\u00f3rie s\u00fa usporiadan\u00e9 tak, \u017ee ich mo\u017eno zoradi\u0165 alebo zoradi\u0165 na z\u00e1klade ich relat\u00edvnej hodnoty alebo d\u00f4le\u017eitosti. Napr\u00edklad ot\u00e1zka v prieskume, ktor\u00e1 \u017eiada respondentov, aby ohodnotili svoju mieru s\u00fahlasu na stupnici od 1 do 5, je zberom ordin\u00e1lnych \u00fadajov, preto\u017ee odpovede maj\u00fa prirodzen\u00e9 poradie od \"rozhodne nes\u00fahlas\u00edm\" (1) po \"rozhodne s\u00fahlas\u00edm\" (5). Pr\u00edklady ordin\u00e1lnych \u00fadajov mo\u017eno analyzova\u0165 pomocou \u0161tatistick\u00fdch met\u00f3d, ako s\u00fa ch\u00ed-kvadr\u00e1t testy, ale je potrebn\u00e1 ur\u010dit\u00e1 opatrnos\u0165, preto\u017ee vzdialenosti medzi kateg\u00f3riami nemusia by\u0165 rovnak\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Poradov\u00e9 \u00fadaje s\u00fa vo vedeckom v\u00fdskume ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9, preto\u017ee umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa klasifik\u00e1ciu a porovn\u00e1vanie \u00fadajov s prirodzen\u00fdm porad\u00edm alebo zoraden\u00edm, \u010do m\u00f4\u017ee poskytn\u00fa\u0165 cenn\u00fd poh\u013ead na vzory, vz\u0165ahy a trendy v r\u00e1mci \u00fadajov. Tento typ \u00fadajov sa \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edva v spolo\u010denskovednom v\u00fdskume, napr\u00edklad v prieskumoch a dotazn\u00edkoch, kde sa respondenti \u017eiadaj\u00fa, aby ohodnotili svoje n\u00e1zory alebo sk\u00fasenosti na stupnici.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Obr\u00e1zok: https:\/\/www.voxco.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Cover-scale-1536\u00d7864.jpg<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charakteristiky radov\u00fdch \u00fadajov<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Poradov\u00e9 \u00fadaje s\u00fa typom kategori\u00e1lnych \u00fadajov, ktor\u00e9 predstavuj\u00fa ur\u010dit\u00e9 poradie alebo zoradenie medzi kateg\u00f3riami. Nasleduj\u00fa niektor\u00e9 k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 charakteristiky ordin\u00e1lnych \u00fadajov:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Objedn\u00e1vka: <\/strong>Kateg\u00f3rie v ordin\u00e1lnych \u00fadajoch maj\u00fa \u0161pecifick\u00e9 poradie alebo poradie a toto poradie predstavuje \u00farove\u0148 s\u00fahlasu, nes\u00fahlasu alebo preferencie. Napr\u00edklad v prieskume, v ktorom sa p\u00fdtame na kvalitu prijat\u00fdch slu\u017eieb, by mohli by\u0165 mo\u017enosti odpoved\u00ed \"v\u00fdborn\u00e1\", \"dobr\u00e1\", \"primeran\u00e1\" alebo \"slab\u00e1\", ktor\u00e9 by mali jasn\u00e9 poradie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ne\u010d\u00edseln\u00e9:<\/strong> <\/em>Kateg\u00f3rie radov\u00fdch \u00fadajov nemusia by\u0165 nevyhnutne reprezentovan\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslami a kateg\u00f3riami m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 slov\u00e1 alebo symboly. Napr\u00edklad syst\u00e9m hodnotenia re\u0161taur\u00e1ci\u00ed m\u00f4\u017ee namiesto \u010d\u00edseln\u00fdch hodn\u00f4t pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 hviezdi\u010dky na ozna\u010denie \u00farovne kvality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nerovnak\u00e9 intervaly:<\/strong> <\/em>Vzdialenosti medzi kateg\u00f3riami nemusia by\u0165 rovnak\u00e9. Napr\u00edklad rozdiel medzi \"rozhodne s\u00fahlas\u00edm\" a \"s\u00fahlas\u00edm\" na Likertovej stupnici nemus\u00ed by\u0165 rovnak\u00fd ako rozdiel medzi \"nes\u00fahlas\u00edm\" a \"rozhodne nes\u00fahlas\u00edm\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Obmedzen\u00fd po\u010det kateg\u00f3ri\u00ed:<\/strong> Ordin\u00e1lne \u00fadaje maj\u00fa zvy\u010dajne kone\u010dn\u00fd po\u010det kateg\u00f3ri\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa \u010dasto vopred definovan\u00e9 v\u00fdskumn\u00edkom. Napr\u00edklad v prieskume sa m\u00f4\u017ee pou\u017ei\u0165 Likertova \u0161k\u00e1la s piatimi mo\u017enos\u0165ami odpovede.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mo\u017eno ich spracova\u0165 ako \u010d\u00edseln\u00e9 \u00fadaje: <\/strong>Niekedy sa s poradov\u00fdmi \u00fadajmi m\u00f4\u017ee na \u00fa\u010dely \u0161tatistickej anal\u00fdzy zaobch\u00e1dza\u0165 ako s \u010d\u00edseln\u00fdmi \u00fadajmi, ale malo by sa to robi\u0165 opatrne. Priradenie zmyslupln\u00fdch \u010d\u00edseln\u00fdch hodn\u00f4t ordin\u00e1lnym kateg\u00f3ri\u00e1m m\u00f4\u017ee u\u013eah\u010di\u0165 anal\u00fdzu a interpret\u00e1ciu, ale nemalo by zmeni\u0165 z\u00e1kladn\u00fa povahu \u00fadajov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Typy radov\u00fdch premenn\u00fdch<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ordin\u00e1lne premenn\u00e9 s\u00fa premenn\u00e9, ktor\u00e9 mo\u017eno zoradi\u0165 alebo zoradi\u0165 na z\u00e1klade ich hodn\u00f4t alebo atrib\u00fatov. Existuj\u00fa dva typy ordin\u00e1lnych premenn\u00fdch:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zodpovedaj\u00faca kateg\u00f3ria<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

V pr\u00edpade ordin\u00e1lnych premenn\u00fdch s porovnan\u00fdmi kateg\u00f3riami existuje prirodzen\u00e9 poradie kateg\u00f3ri\u00ed premennej. Toto poradie je definovan\u00e9 samotnou premennou a kateg\u00f3rie sa navz\u00e1jom vylu\u010duj\u00fa. Napr\u00edklad v pr\u00edpade \u0161t\u00fadie pred a po sa u tej istej skupiny \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkov meria t\u00e1 ist\u00e1 ordin\u00e1lna premenn\u00e1 v dvoch r\u00f4znych \u010dasov\u00fdch bodoch, napr\u00edklad pred lie\u010dbou a po lie\u010dbe. Kateg\u00f3rie v meran\u00ed \"pred\" sa porovn\u00e1vaj\u00fa alebo sp\u00e1ruj\u00fa s kateg\u00f3riami v meran\u00ed \"po\". <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010eal\u0161\u00edm pr\u00edkladom je \u0161t\u00fadia porovn\u00e1vaj\u00faca preferencie p\u00e1rov v ur\u010ditom aspekte, kde sa preferencie jedn\u00e9ho partnera porovn\u00e1vaj\u00fa alebo sp\u00e1jaj\u00fa s preferenciami druh\u00e9ho partnera. Porovnan\u00e9 kateg\u00f3rie sa \u010dasto analyzuj\u00fa pomocou neparametrick\u00fdch \u0161tatistick\u00fdch testov, ako je Wilcoxonov test so znamienkami alebo Friedmanov test, na porovnanie rozdielov medzi kateg\u00f3riami v r\u00e1mci ka\u017edej dvojice alebo skupiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nezodpovedaj\u00faca kateg\u00f3ria<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Nezhodn\u00e1 kateg\u00f3ria je \u010fal\u0161\u00edm typom ordin\u00e1lnej premennej. Na rozdiel od priraden\u00fdch kateg\u00f3ri\u00ed, nepriraden\u00e9 kateg\u00f3rie nemaj\u00fa jasn\u00fd vz\u0165ah alebo spojenie medzi kateg\u00f3riami. Ak napr\u00edklad \u017eiadate respondentov, aby ohodnotili svoje preferencie pre r\u00f4zne typy hudobn\u00fdch \u017e\u00e1nrov, nemus\u00ed existova\u0165 jasn\u00e9 usporiadanie alebo vz\u0165ah medzi kateg\u00f3riami jazz, country a rock.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V nezhodn\u00fdch kateg\u00f3ri\u00e1ch m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 kateg\u00f3rie st\u00e1le usporiadan\u00e9 na z\u00e1klade individu\u00e1lnych preferenci\u00ed alebo vn\u00edmania respondenta, ale neexistuje objekt\u00edvne alebo konzistentn\u00e9 usporiadanie, ktor\u00e9 by platilo pre v\u0161etk\u00fdch respondentov. To m\u00f4\u017ee s\u0165a\u017ei\u0165 anal\u00fdzu a interpret\u00e1ciu \u00fadajov v porovnan\u00ed so zladen\u00fdmi kateg\u00f3riami, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa jasn\u00e9 a konzistentn\u00e9 usporiadanie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pr\u00edklady ordin\u00e1lnych \u00fadajov<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pr\u00edklady ordin\u00e1lnych \u00fadajov mo\u017eno n\u00e1js\u0165 v mnoh\u00fdch oblastiach v\u00fdskumu a v r\u00f4znych typoch meran\u00ed. Niektor\u00e9 pr\u00edklady ordin\u00e1lnych \u00fadajov zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Intervalov\u00e1 stupnica<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Intervalov\u00e1 \u0161k\u00e1la je typ meracej \u0161k\u00e1ly, ktor\u00e1 m\u00e1 ku ka\u017edej kateg\u00f3rii alebo odpovedi priraden\u00fa \u010d\u00edseln\u00fa hodnotu a rozdiely medzi hodnotami s\u00fa zmyslupln\u00e9 a rovnak\u00e9. Je podobn\u00e1 pomerovej stupnici s t\u00fdm rozdielom, \u017ee nem\u00e1 skuto\u010dn\u00fd nulov\u00fd bod.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Napr\u00edklad teplotn\u00e1 stupnica Celzia je pr\u00edkladom intervalovej stupnice. Rozdiel medzi 10 \u00b0C a 20 \u00b0C je rovnak\u00fd ako rozdiel medzi 20 \u00b0C a 30 \u00b0C. Av\u0161ak 0\u00b0C nepredstavuje \u00fapln\u00fa absenciu teploty, ale sk\u00f4r konkr\u00e9tny bod na stupnici.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Likertova stupnica<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Likertova \u0161k\u00e1la je be\u017en\u00fd typ ordin\u00e1lnych \u00fadajov, ktor\u00fd na meranie postojov, n\u00e1zorov alebo vn\u00edmania pou\u017e\u00edva s\u00fabor mo\u017enost\u00ed odpoved\u00ed, ako napr\u00edklad \"rozhodne s\u00fahlas\u00edm\", \"s\u00fahlas\u00edm\", \"neutr\u00e1lne\", \"nes\u00fahlas\u00edm\" a \"rozhodne nes\u00fahlas\u00edm\". Ka\u017edej odpovedi je priraden\u00e1 \u010d\u00edseln\u00e1 hodnota, zvy\u010dajne v rozsahu od 1 do 5 alebo od 1 do 7, pri\u010dom vy\u0161\u0161ia hodnota znamen\u00e1 pozit\u00edvnej\u0161iu alebo silnej\u0161iu odpove\u010f. Likertova \u0161k\u00e1la sa \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edva v prieskumoch a dotazn\u00edkoch na zber ordin\u00e1lnych \u00fadajov, ktor\u00e9 mo\u017eno analyzova\u0165 pomocou \u0161pecifick\u00fdch met\u00f3d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ako analyzova\u0165 radov\u00e9 \u00fadaje?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Existuje nieko\u013eko met\u00f3d na anal\u00fdzu ordin\u00e1lnych \u00fadajov vr\u00e1tane:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Popisn\u00e1 \u0161tatistika:<\/strong> Popisn\u00e1 \u0161tatistika sa pou\u017e\u00edva na zhrnutie a opis centr\u00e1lnej tendencie a rozdelenia ordin\u00e1lnych \u00fadajov. Medzi be\u017ene pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 deskript\u00edvne \u0161tatistiky pre ordin\u00e1lne \u00fadaje patria medi\u00e1n, modus a percentily. Popisn\u00e1 \u0161tatistika m\u00f4\u017ee pom\u00f4c\u0165 poskytn\u00fa\u0165 v\u0161eobecn\u00fd preh\u013ead o \u00fadajoch a identifikova\u0165 pr\u00edpadn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my, ako s\u00fa od\u013eahl\u00e9 hodnoty alebo skreslen\u00e9 rozdelenie. Neposkytuj\u00fa v\u0161ak \u017eiadne inform\u00e1cie o \u0161tatistickej v\u00fdznamnosti rozdielov alebo vz\u0165ahov medzi skupinami.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Neparametrick\u00e9 testy: <\/strong>Neparametrick\u00e9 testy sa be\u017ene pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa na anal\u00fdzu ordin\u00e1lnych \u00fadajov, preto\u017ee nevy\u017eaduj\u00fa, aby sa \u00fadaje riadili ur\u010dit\u00fdm rozdelen\u00edm, napr\u00edklad norm\u00e1lnym rozdelen\u00edm, a nepredpokladaj\u00fa, \u017ee intervaly medzi kateg\u00f3riami s\u00fa rovnak\u00e9. Tieto testy s\u00fa zalo\u017een\u00e9 sk\u00f4r na radoch pozorovan\u00ed ako na ich presn\u00fdch hodnot\u00e1ch. Neparametrick\u00e9 testy s\u00fa odoln\u00e9 vo\u010di od\u013eahl\u00fdm hodnot\u00e1m a \u010dasto sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa, ke\u010f nie s\u00fa splnen\u00e9 predpoklady parametrick\u00fdch testov. M\u00f4\u017eu v\u0161ak ma\u0165 men\u0161iu \u0161tatistick\u00fa silu ako parametrick\u00e9 testy, najm\u00e4 ak je ve\u013ekos\u0165 vzorky mal\u00e1. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ordin\u00e1lna logistick\u00e1 regresia:<\/strong> Ordin\u00e1lna logistick\u00e1 regresia je \u0161tatistick\u00e1 met\u00f3da pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 na modelovanie vz\u0165ahu medzi jednou alebo viacer\u00fdmi ordin\u00e1lnymi nez\u00e1visl\u00fdmi premenn\u00fdmi a ordin\u00e1lnou z\u00e1vislou premennou. T\u00e1to met\u00f3da je u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e1, ke\u010f chcete ur\u010di\u0165 faktory, ktor\u00e9 ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa v\u00fdsledok ordin\u00e1lnej premennej. Ordin\u00e1lna logistick\u00e1 regresia predpoklad\u00e1, \u017ee kateg\u00f3rie z\u00e1vislej premennej s\u00fa usporiadan\u00e9 a \u017ee vzdialenos\u0165 medzi kateg\u00f3riami nemus\u00ed by\u0165 nevyhnutne rovnak\u00e1. Predpoklad\u00e1 tie\u017e, \u017ee vz\u0165ah medzi z\u00e1vislou premennou a nez\u00e1visl\u00fdmi premenn\u00fdmi je log-line\u00e1rny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anal\u00fdza kore\u0161pondencie:<\/strong> T\u00e1to met\u00f3da sa pou\u017e\u00edva na sk\u00famanie vz\u0165ahu medzi dvoma alebo viacer\u00fdmi ordin\u00e1lnymi premenn\u00fdmi. Pom\u00e1ha identifikova\u0165 vzory a vz\u0165ahy medzi premenn\u00fdmi a vizualizova\u0165 ich v dvojrozmernom priestore. Met\u00f3da zah\u0155\u0148a vytvorenie kontingen\u010dnej tabu\u013eky, ktor\u00e1 zobrazuje frekvencie jednotliv\u00fdch kateg\u00f3ri\u00ed pre ka\u017ed\u00fa premenn\u00fa. Potom sa pre ka\u017ed\u00fa kateg\u00f3riu vypo\u010d\u00edta s\u00fabor sk\u00f3re na z\u00e1klade celkov\u00e9ho rozdelenia \u00fadajov. Tieto sk\u00f3re sa pou\u017eij\u00fa na vytvorenie dvojrozmern\u00e9ho grafu, kde je ka\u017ed\u00e1 kateg\u00f3ria reprezentovan\u00e1 bodom. Vzdialenos\u0165 medzi bodmi ud\u00e1va stupe\u0148 podobnosti alebo rozdielnosti medzi kateg\u00f3riami.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Modelovanie \u0161truktur\u00e1lnych rovn\u00edc:<\/strong> Modelovanie \u0161truktur\u00e1lnych rovn\u00edc (SEM) je \u0161tatistick\u00e1 met\u00f3da pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 na anal\u00fdzu vz\u0165ahov medzi premenn\u00fdmi a na testovanie komplexn\u00fdch modelov. Je to technika viacrozmernej anal\u00fdzy, ktor\u00e1 dok\u00e1\u017ee pracova\u0165 s viacer\u00fdmi pozorovan\u00fdmi aj latentn\u00fdmi premenn\u00fdmi a dok\u00e1\u017ee testova\u0165 kauz\u00e1lne vz\u0165ahy medzi premenn\u00fdmi. Pri anal\u00fdze ordin\u00e1lnych \u00fadajov sa SEM m\u00f4\u017ee pou\u017ei\u0165 na testovanie modelov, ktor\u00e9 zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa viacero ordin\u00e1lnych premenn\u00fdch a latentn\u00fdch kon\u0161truktov. M\u00f4\u017ee tie\u017e pom\u00f4c\u0165 identifikova\u0165 a odhadn\u00fa\u0165 ve\u013ekos\u0165 priamych a nepriamych vz\u00e1jomn\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dinkov premenn\u00fdch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Inferen\u010dn\u00e1 \u0161tatistika<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Inferen\u010dn\u00e1 \u0161tatistika je odvetvie \u0161tatistiky, ktor\u00e9 zah\u0155\u0148a vyvodzovanie z\u00e1verov a usudzovanie o popul\u00e1cii na z\u00e1klade vzorky \u00fadajov. Je to mocn\u00fd n\u00e1stroj, ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje v\u00fdskumn\u00edkom robi\u0165 zov\u0161eobecnenia, predpovede a hypot\u00e9zy o v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ej skupine nad r\u00e1mec pozorovan\u00fdch \u00fadajov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zatia\u013e \u010do deskript\u00edvna \u0161tatistika sumarizuje a popisuje \u00fadaje, inferen\u010dn\u00e1 \u0161tatistika ide o krok \u010falej t\u00fdm, \u017ee vyu\u017e\u00edva te\u00f3riu pravdepodobnosti a \u0161tatistick\u00e9 met\u00f3dy na anal\u00fdzu \u00fadajov vzorky a vyvodenie z\u00e1verov o popul\u00e1cii, z ktorej bola vzorka odobrat\u00e1. Vyu\u017eit\u00edm inferen\u010dnej \u0161tatistiky m\u00f4\u017eu v\u00fdskumn\u00edci robi\u0165 predpovede, testova\u0165 hypot\u00e9zy a na z\u00e1klade zisten\u00ed prij\u00edma\u0165 informovan\u00e9 rozhodnutia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pou\u017eitie radov\u00fdch \u00fadajov<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Poradov\u00e9 \u00fadaje sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa v \u0161irokej \u0161k\u00e1le aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed a \u010dasto sa zbieraj\u00fa prostredn\u00edctvom prieskumov, dotazn\u00edkov a in\u00fdch foriem v\u00fdskumu. Tu s\u00fa niektor\u00e9 be\u017en\u00e9 sp\u00f4soby pou\u017eitia ordin\u00e1lnych \u00fadajov:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prieskumy\/dotazn\u00edky<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Prieskumy a dotazn\u00edky s\u00fa be\u017en\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom zberu poradov\u00fdch \u00fadajov. V prieskume sa napr\u00edklad respondenti m\u00f4\u017eu po\u017eiada\u0165, aby ohodnotili mieru svojho s\u00fahlasu s tvrden\u00edm na stupnici od \"rozhodne nes\u00fahlas\u00edm\" po \"rozhodne s\u00fahlas\u00edm\". Tento typ \u00fadajov sa potom m\u00f4\u017ee pou\u017ei\u0165 na anal\u00fdzu trendov alebo vzorcov v odpovediach.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdskum<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ordin\u00e1lne \u00fadaje sa m\u00f4\u017eu pou\u017ei\u0165 aj vo v\u00fdskumn\u00fdch \u0161t\u00fadi\u00e1ch na meranie vz\u0165ahu medzi r\u00f4znymi premenn\u00fdmi. V\u00fdskumn\u00edk m\u00f4\u017ee napr\u00edklad pou\u017ei\u0165 ordin\u00e1lnu \u0161k\u00e1lu na meranie z\u00e1va\u017enosti ur\u010dit\u00e9ho sympt\u00f3mu v skupine pacientov s ur\u010dit\u00fdm ochoren\u00edm. Tento typ \u00fadajov sa potom m\u00f4\u017ee pou\u017ei\u0165 na porovnanie z\u00e1va\u017enosti sympt\u00f3mu v r\u00f4znych skupin\u00e1ch pacientov alebo na sledovanie zmien sympt\u00f3mu v priebehu \u010dasu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Slu\u017eby z\u00e1kazn\u00edkom<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ordin\u00e1lne \u00fadaje mo\u017eno pou\u017ei\u0165 aj v oblasti slu\u017eieb z\u00e1kazn\u00edkom na meranie spokojnosti alebo nespokojnosti z\u00e1kazn\u00edkov. Z\u00e1kazn\u00edk m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 napr\u00edklad po\u017eiadan\u00fd, aby ohodnotil svoje sk\u00fasenosti s produktom alebo slu\u017ebou spolo\u010dnosti na stupnici od \"ve\u013emi nespokojn\u00fd\" po \"ve\u013emi spokojn\u00fd\". Tento typ \u00fadajov sa potom m\u00f4\u017ee pou\u017ei\u0165 na identifik\u00e1ciu oblast\u00ed na zlep\u0161enie a na sledovanie zmien v spokojnosti z\u00e1kazn\u00edkov v priebehu \u010dasu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u017diadosti o zamestnanie<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ordin\u00e1lne \u00fadaje sa m\u00f4\u017eu pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 aj v \u017eiadostiach o zamestnanie na meranie kvalifik\u00e1cie alebo \u00farovne sk\u00fasenost\u00ed uch\u00e1dza\u010da. Zamestn\u00e1vate\u013e m\u00f4\u017ee napr\u00edklad po\u017eiada\u0165 uch\u00e1dza\u010dov o zamestnanie, aby ohodnotili svoju \u00farove\u0148 sk\u00fasenost\u00ed v ur\u010ditej oblasti na stupnici od \"bez sk\u00fasenost\u00ed\" po \"expert\". Tento typ \u00fadajov sa potom m\u00f4\u017ee pou\u017ei\u0165 na porovnanie kvalifik\u00e1cie r\u00f4znych uch\u00e1dza\u010dov o zamestnanie a na v\u00fdber najkvalifikovanej\u0161ieho uch\u00e1dza\u010da o zamestnanie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rozdiel medzi ordin\u00e1lnymi a nomin\u00e1lnymi \u00fadajmi<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ordin\u00e1lne a nomin\u00e1lne \u00fadaje s\u00fa dva typy kategori\u00e1lnych \u00fadajov. Hlavn\u00fd rozdiel medzi nimi spo\u010d\u00edva v \u00farovni merania a inform\u00e1ci\u00e1ch, ktor\u00e9 sprostredk\u00favaj\u00fa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ordin\u00e1lne \u00fadaje s\u00fa typom kategori\u00e1lnych \u00fadajov, pri ktor\u00fdch maj\u00fa premenn\u00e9 prirodzen\u00e9 poradie alebo zoradenie. Meraj\u00fa sa na ordin\u00e1lnej \u00farovni, \u010do znamen\u00e1, \u017ee maj\u00fa prirodzen\u00e9 usporiadanie, ale rozdiely medzi hodnotami sa nedaj\u00fa kvantifikova\u0165 ani mera\u0165. Pr\u00edkladom ordin\u00e1lnych \u00fadajov s\u00fa rebr\u00ed\u010dky, hodnotenia a Likertove stupnice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na druhej strane, nomin\u00e1lne \u00fadaje s\u00fa tie\u017e typom kategorick\u00fdch \u00fadajov, ale nemaj\u00fa prirodzen\u00e9 usporiadanie alebo poradie. Meria sa na nomin\u00e1lnej \u00farovni, \u010do znamen\u00e1, \u017ee \u00fadaje mo\u017eno zaradi\u0165 len do vz\u00e1jomne sa vylu\u010duj\u00facich kateg\u00f3ri\u00ed bez prirodzen\u00e9ho poradia alebo usporiadania. Pr\u00edkladmi nomin\u00e1lnych \u00fadajov s\u00fa pohlavie, etnick\u00fd p\u00f4vod a rodinn\u00fd stav.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hlavn\u00fd rozdiel medzi ordin\u00e1lnymi a nomin\u00e1lnymi \u00fadajmi spo\u010d\u00edva v tom, \u017ee ordin\u00e1lne \u00fadaje maj\u00fa prirodzen\u00e9 poradie, k\u00fdm nomin\u00e1lne \u00fadaje nie. Ak sa chcete dozvedie\u0165 viac o rozdieloch medzi ordin\u00e1lnymi a nomin\u00e1lnymi \u00fadajmi, pozrite si t\u00fato webov\u00fa str\u00e1nku.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Potrebujete ve\u013emi konkr\u00e9tnu ilustr\u00e1ciu? Navrhneme ju pre v\u00e1s!<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Mind the Graph<\/a> platforma pon\u00faka rozsiahlu kni\u017enicu vedeck\u00fdch ilustr\u00e1ci\u00ed a \u0161abl\u00f3n s komplexn\u00fdmi vedeck\u00fdmi pojmami a konkr\u00e9tnymi obr\u00e1zkami, ktor\u00e9 potrebujete. Spolo\u010dnos\u0165 Mind the Graph s vami bude spolupracova\u0165 na vytvoren\u00ed vysokokvalitnej ilustr\u00e1cie, ktor\u00e1 spln\u00ed va\u0161e o\u010dak\u00e1vania. T\u00e1to slu\u017eba v\u00e1m zaru\u010d\u00ed, \u017ee budete ma\u0165 k dispoz\u00edcii presne tak\u00e9 vizu\u00e1ly, ak\u00e9 potrebujete pre svoj v\u00fdskum, prezent\u00e1ciu alebo publik\u00e1ciu, a to bez potreby \u0161pecializovan\u00e9ho dizajn\u00e9rskeho softv\u00e9ru alebo zru\u010dnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n
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Za\u010dnite tvori\u0165 s Mind the Graph<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tu z\u00edskate komplexn\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie o pr\u00edkladoch ordin\u00e1lnych \u00fadajov. Zistite, \u010do s\u00fa to ordin\u00e1lne \u00fadaje a ako ich efekt\u00edvne pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":35,"featured_media":29894,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nExploring Ordinal Data: Examples and Uses - Mind the Graph Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Get a comprehensive understanding of ordinal data examples here. Learn about what ordinal data is, and how to use it in an effective way.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/ordinal-data-examples\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Exploring Ordinal Data: Examples and Uses\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Get a comprehensive understanding of ordinal data examples here. 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