{"id":26981,"date":"2023-02-25T15:58:28","date_gmt":"2023-02-25T18:58:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/?p=26981"},"modified":"2023-03-07T16:13:17","modified_gmt":"2023-03-07T19:13:17","slug":"research-variables","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/vyskumne-premenne\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u00fdskumn\u00e9 premenn\u00e9: Nie be\u017en\u00e9 matematick\u00e9 veci"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Ke\u010f vid\u00edte pojem \"premenn\u00e1\", mo\u017eno ste si spomenuli na \u0161kolsk\u00e9 \u010dasy, ke\u010f ste mali traumu z rie\u0161enia t\u00fdchto takzvan\u00fdch premenn\u00fdch v algebre. Ale po\u010dkajte... \"premenn\u00e1\", ktor\u00fa sa tu budeme u\u010di\u0165, je in\u00e1. Tak\u017ee sa upokojte!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ka\u017ed\u00fd v\u00fdskumn\u00edk pou\u017e\u00edva pojem \"<strong>v\u00fdskumn\u00e9 premenn\u00e9<\/strong>\" v ich publik\u00e1cii a je celkom zauj\u00edmav\u00e9 vedie\u0165, \u010do to vlastne znamen\u00e1 a pre\u010do je tento term\u00edn medzi v\u00fdskumn\u00edkmi tak\u00fd popul\u00e1rny. Po\u010fme sa o \u0148om dozvedie\u0165 viac <strong>v\u00fdskumn\u00e9 premenn\u00e9<\/strong> a ich typy v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>\u010co s\u00fa v\u00fdskumn\u00e9 premenn\u00e9?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Vo v\u00fdskume sa premenn\u00e9 vz\u0165ahuj\u00fa na ak\u00fako\u013evek charakteristiku alebo vlastnos\u0165, ktor\u00fa mo\u017eno v experimente mera\u0165, manipulova\u0165 s \u0148ou alebo ju kontrolova\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zjednodu\u0161ene povedan\u00e9, podobne ako premenn\u00e9 znamenaj\u00fa v matematike ak\u00fako\u013evek hodnotu, ktor\u00fa berieme na rie\u0161enie probl\u00e9mov, tu sa vz\u0165ahuj\u00fa na re\u00e1lne veli\u010diny, ako je vek, tlak, hmotnos\u0165, v\u00fd\u0161ka at\u010f., a tieto hodnoty pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa pri svojich experimentoch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Niektor\u00e9 premenn\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 kon\u0161tantn\u00e9 a jasn\u00e9, napr\u00edklad pohlavie, d\u00e1tum narodenia at\u010f., preto\u017ee sa nem\u00f4\u017eu \u010dasto meni\u0165, zatia\u013e \u010do hodnoty ako pr\u00edjem, hmotnos\u0165, teplota at\u010f. sa neust\u00e1le menia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tieto hodnoty s\u00fa subjekt\u00edvne, \u010do znamen\u00e1, \u017ee sa l\u00ed\u0161ia od \u010dloveka k \u010dloveku a nie ka\u017ed\u00fd m\u00e1 rovnak\u00fa telesn\u00fa hmotnos\u0165 alebo rovnak\u00fa \u00farove\u0148 pr\u00edjmu. A pr\u00e1ve z tohto d\u00f4vodu vznikol pojem \"premenn\u00e9\", ako u\u017e n\u00e1zov napoved\u00e1, je to nie\u010do, \u010do sa l\u00ed\u0161i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:21px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"651\" height=\"174\" src=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/banner-blog-trial-03.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-26762\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/banner-blog-trial-03.jpg 651w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/banner-blog-trial-03-300x80.jpg 300w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/banner-blog-trial-03-18x5.jpg 18w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/banner-blog-trial-03-100x27.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 651px) 100vw, 651px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:21px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2>Typy v\u00fdskumn\u00fdch premenn\u00fdch<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Existuje mnoho typov v\u00fdskumn\u00fdch premenn\u00fdch, ktor\u00e9 v\u00fdskumn\u00edci pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa a ktor\u00e9 sa delia na nasleduj\u00face kateg\u00f3rie:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>Nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 premenn\u00e9<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00fdskumn\u00edk manipuluje s t\u00fdmito premenn\u00fdmi, aby pozoroval, ako ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa z\u00e1visl\u00e9 premenn\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>Z\u00e1visl\u00e9 premenn\u00e9<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ide o premenn\u00e9, ktor\u00e9 sa meraj\u00fa alebo pozoruj\u00fa ako v\u00fdsledok manipul\u00e1cie s nez\u00e1visl\u00fdmi premenn\u00fdmi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>Kontroln\u00e9 premenn\u00e9<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ide o premenn\u00e9, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa kontrolovan\u00e9 alebo udr\u017eiavan\u00e9 kon\u0161tantn\u00e9, aby nemali vplyv na z\u00e1visl\u00fa premenn\u00fa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>Zmie\u0161avaj\u00face premenn\u00e9<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ide o premenn\u00e9, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa potenci\u00e1l ovplyvni\u0165 platnos\u0165 v\u00fdsledkov a vz\u0165ah, ktor\u00fd existuje medzi nez\u00e1visl\u00fdmi a z\u00e1visl\u00fdmi premenn\u00fdmi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>Cudzie premenn\u00e9<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Vz\u0165ah medzi nez\u00e1visl\u00fdmi a z\u00e1visl\u00fdmi premenn\u00fdmi m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 st\u00e1le ovplyvnen\u00fd t\u00fdmito premenn\u00fdmi, aj ke\u010f nie s\u00fa zahrnut\u00e9 vo v\u00fdskumnej ot\u00e1zke.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>Premenn\u00e9 moder\u00e1tora<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Vz\u0165ah medzi nez\u00e1visl\u00fdmi a z\u00e1visl\u00fdmi premenn\u00fdmi m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 t\u00fdmito premenn\u00fdmi zmenen\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>Sprostredkovate\u013esk\u00e9 premenn\u00e9<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00fdm, \u017ee ukazuj\u00fa, ako spolu s\u00favisia nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 a z\u00e1visl\u00e9 premenn\u00e9, s\u00fa to premenn\u00e9, ktor\u00e9 demon\u0161truj\u00fa vz\u0165ah medzi nimi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>Kovari\u00e1tne premenn\u00e9<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ide o premenn\u00e9, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa zahrnut\u00e9 do \u0161t\u00fadie na kontrolu toho, ako ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa z\u00e1visl\u00fa premenn\u00fa, ale priamo nes\u00favisia so sk\u00famanou ot\u00e1zkou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>Premenn\u00e9 odpovede<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u00fa to premenn\u00e9, ktor\u00e9 ukazuj\u00fa, ako nez\u00e1visl\u00e1 premenn\u00e1 ovplyv\u0148uje z\u00e1visl\u00fa premenn\u00fa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>Demografick\u00e9 premenn\u00e9<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ide o premenn\u00e9, ktor\u00e9 opisuj\u00fa zozbieran\u00fa \u0161tudijn\u00fa vzorku a ur\u010duj\u00fa, \u010di zozbieran\u00e1 vzorka reprezentuje z\u00e1ujmov\u00fa popul\u00e1ciu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>Nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 a z\u00e1visl\u00e9 premenn\u00e9&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Predpoklad\u00e1 sa, \u017ee nez\u00e1visl\u00e1 premenn\u00e1 m\u00e1 vplyv na z\u00e1visl\u00fa premenn\u00fa experimentu a je to faktor, ktor\u00fd je predmetom manipul\u00e1cie. Ke\u010f\u017ee nez\u00e1vis\u00ed od \u017eiadnych in\u00fdch premenn\u00fdch v experimente, naz\u00fdva sa nez\u00e1vislou premennou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00fdsledok, ktor\u00fd sa meria v z\u00e1vislosti od zmien nez\u00e1vislej premennej, je z\u00e1visl\u00e1 premenn\u00e1. Z\u00e1vis\u00ed od nez\u00e1visle premennej a ke\u010f sa zmen\u00ed jej hodnota, zmen\u00ed sa aj hodnota z\u00e1visle premennej.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ak by sme napr\u00edklad uskuto\u010dnili experiment, v ktorom by sme sk\u00famali vplyv intenzity svetla na rast rastl\u00edn, nez\u00e1vislou premennou by bola intenzita svetla a z\u00e1vislou premennou by bol rast rastl\u00edn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>V\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed vplyv a zvidite\u013enenie va\u0161ej pr\u00e1ce<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00fdskum nie je v\u017edy jednoduch\u00fd na pochopenie, najm\u00e4 pre be\u017en\u00e9ho \u010dloveka, ktor\u00fd nem\u00e1 predstavu o t\u00e9me v\u00fdskumu alebo jeho pozad\u00ed. Pr\u00e1ve vtedy sa hod\u00ed pou\u017eitie ilustr\u00e1ci\u00ed. Ilustr\u00e1cie pom\u00e1haj\u00fa vedcom poda\u0165 ich pr\u00e1cu jednoduch\u00fdm a zrozumite\u013en\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mind the Graph<\/a> m\u00e1 kni\u017enicu vysoko \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdch infografik, ktor\u00e9 zvidite\u013e\u0148uj\u00fa v\u00fdskumn\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce a u\u013eah\u010duj\u00fa pr\u00e1cu vedcov. Zaregistrujte sa a prezrite si obrovsk\u00fa zbierku vedeck\u00fdch infografik.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:21px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"N\u00e1vod | Vytvorenie porovn\u00e1vacej infografiky na Mind the Graph\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/hB6pX4wHU6g?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:21px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button aligncenter\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/\" style=\"border-radius:50px;background-color:#dc1866\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Za\u010dnite tvori\u0165 hne\u010f teraz<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:44px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Podrobne sa obozn\u00e1mte s v\u00fdskumn\u00fdmi premenn\u00fdmi, ich typmi a sp\u00f4sobmi ich merania, manipul\u00e1cie alebo kontroly v experimente.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":26982,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Research Variables: Not the Usual Math Stuff<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn in detail about research variables, their types, and how they can be measured, 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