{"id":26236,"date":"2023-01-13T10:00:11","date_gmt":"2023-01-13T13:00:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/epstein-barr-copy-copy\/"},"modified":"2024-06-13T13:43:48","modified_gmt":"2024-06-13T16:43:48","slug":"viruses-that-can-cause-cancer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/virusy-ktore-mozu-sposobit-rakovinu\/","title":{"rendered":"Poznajte 8 v\u00edrusov, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 rakovinu"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Rakovina je ochorenie, pri ktorom niektor\u00e9 bunky v tele nekontrolovate\u013ene rast\u00fa a \u0161\u00edria sa do in\u00fdch \u010dast\u00ed tela. Je v\u00fdznamnou pr\u00ed\u010dinou <a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/cancer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00famrtnos\u0165 na celom svete<\/a>, \u010do predstavuje pribli\u017ene 10 mili\u00f3nov \u00famrt\u00ed v roku 2020, teda takmer ka\u017ed\u00e9 \u0161ieste \u00famrtie.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vedeli ste, \u017ee v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti existuje osem v\u00edrusov, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 rakovinu? V\u00edrusy s\u00fa pova\u017eovan\u00e9 za zodpovedn\u00e9 za <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41588-019-0558-9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">10% pr\u00edpadov rakoviny na celom svete.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku Mind The Graph sa dozviete, ktor\u00fdch osem v\u00edrusov sp\u00f4sobuje rakovinu a ako sa im vyhn\u00fa\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>Ak\u00fd je mechanizmus, ktor\u00fdm v\u00edrusy sp\u00f4sobuj\u00fa rakovinu?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00edrusy sa skladaj\u00fa z obmedzen\u00e9ho s\u00faboru g\u00e9nov vo forme DNA alebo RNA, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa pokryt\u00e9 bielkovinov\u00fdm obalom. V\u00edrus mus\u00ed prenikn\u00fa\u0165 do \u017eivej bunky a prevzia\u0165 kontrolu nad mechanizmom bunky, aby sa mohol mno\u017ei\u0165 a vyr\u00e1ba\u0165 \u010fal\u0161ie v\u00edrusy. Niektor\u00e9 v\u00edrusy to dosiahnu vpraven\u00edm vlastnej DNA (alebo RNA) do hostite\u013esk\u00fdch buniek. Ke\u010f DNA alebo RNA zmen\u00ed g\u00e9ny hostite\u013eskej bunky, m\u00f4\u017ee sp\u00f4sobi\u0165, \u017ee sa bunka stane rakovinovou.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>Ak\u00e9 v\u00edrusy m\u00f4\u017eu sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 rakovinu?\u00a0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3>V\u00edrus Epstein-Barrovej<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00edrus EBV je druh herpes v\u00edrusu, ktor\u00fd je v\u0161eobecne zn\u00e1my ako mononukle\u00f3za (\"mono\") alebo \"choroba z bozku\". Pren\u00e1\u0161a sa slinami alebo telesn\u00fdmi tekutinami, naj\u010dastej\u0161ie ka\u0161\u013eom, k\u00fdchan\u00edm, spolo\u010dn\u00fdm pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00edm n\u00e1pojov a pr\u00edborov, dot\u00fdkan\u00edm sa vec\u00ed so slinami a n\u00e1sledn\u00fdm dotykom \u00fast a, samozrejme, bozk\u00e1van\u00edm. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina \u013eud\u00ed sa infikuje niekedy po\u010das \u017eivota a \u013eudia s EBV s\u00fa zvy\u010dajne zdrav\u00ed a nevykazuj\u00fa \u017eiadne pr\u00edznaky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Burkittov lymf\u00f3m, nazofarynge\u00e1lny karcin\u00f3m (rakovina hornej \u010dasti hrdla), Hodgkinov a non-Hodgkinov lymf\u00f3m, t-bunkov\u00e9 lymf\u00f3my, posttransplanta\u010dn\u00e9 lymfoproliferat\u00edvne (pr\u00edli\u0161 ve\u013ea bielych krviniek) a leiomyosark\u00f3m (rakovina m\u00e4kk\u00e9ho tkaniva) s\u00fa v\u0161etky spojen\u00e9 s EBV.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:18px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/epstein-barr-virus-1024x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-26243\" width=\"340\" height=\"340\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/epstein-barr-virus-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/epstein-barr-virus-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/epstein-barr-virus-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/epstein-barr-virus-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/epstein-barr-virus-12x12.jpg 12w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/epstein-barr-virus-100x100.jpg 100w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/epstein-barr-virus.jpg 1250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Cez <a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mind the Graph<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:18px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3>Hepatit\u00edda B (HBV)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>HBV m\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 integrova\u0165 sa do \u013eudsk\u00e9ho gen\u00f3mu a mno\u017ei\u0165 sa v pe\u010de\u0148ov\u00fdch bunk\u00e1ch, \u010d\u00edm priamo zvy\u0161uje karcinog\u00e9nnu aktivitu prostredn\u00edctvom mnoh\u00fdch sign\u00e1lnych dr\u00e1h v pe\u010deni. Infekcie HBV s\u00fa mimoriadne n\u00e1kazliv\u00e9 a pren\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa sa kontaktom s kontaminovanou krvou, potom alebo slzami. M\u00f4\u017ee sa pren\u00e1\u0161a\u0165 aj spolo\u010dn\u00fdm u\u017e\u00edvan\u00edm inf\u00fazi\u00ed, pohlavn\u00fdm stykom a prenosom z matky na die\u0165a.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>HBV m\u00f4\u017ee vyvola\u0165 infekciu pe\u010dene, ktor\u00e1 m\u00f4\u017ee prejs\u0165 do rakoviny pe\u010dene.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:18px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/hepatitis-b-hbv-virus-1024x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-26244\" width=\"363\" height=\"363\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/hepatitis-b-hbv-virus-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/hepatitis-b-hbv-virus-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/hepatitis-b-hbv-virus-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/hepatitis-b-hbv-virus-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/hepatitis-b-hbv-virus-12x12.jpg 12w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/hepatitis-b-hbv-virus-100x100.jpg 100w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/hepatitis-b-hbv-virus.jpg 1250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 363px) 100vw, 363px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Cez <a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mind the Graph<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:18px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3>Hepatit\u00edda C (HCV)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Je menej pravdepodobn\u00e9, \u017ee HCV sp\u00f4sob\u00ed sympt\u00f3my ako HBV, a nem\u00f4\u017ee sa zabudova\u0165 do \u013eudsk\u00e9ho gen\u00f3mu. Progresia je multifaktori\u00e1lna, a preto m\u00f4\u017ee trva\u0165 20 a\u017e 40 rokov, \u010do je d\u00f4vod, pre\u010do \u013eudia s HCV m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 v bezvedom\u00ed, ak maj\u00fa toto ochorenie. Ke\u010f\u017ee imunitn\u00fd syst\u00e9m \u010dasom napadne v\u00edrus, je pravdepodobnej\u0161ie, \u017ee HCV vyvol\u00e1 chronick\u00fa infekciu, \u010d\u00edm sa vytvor\u00ed fibr\u00f3za pe\u010dene, ktor\u00e1 m\u00f4\u017ee prejs\u0165 do cirh\u00f3zy a HCC.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>K prenosu doch\u00e1dza podobne ako pri HBV kontaktom s kontaminovanou krvou, potom alebo slzami. M\u00f4\u017ee sa pren\u00e1\u0161a\u0165 aj spolo\u010dnou inf\u00faziou, pohlavn\u00fdm stykom a prenosom z matky na die\u0165a.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hepatit\u00edda C je hlavnou pr\u00ed\u010dinou rakoviny pe\u010dene a m\u00f4\u017ee vy\u00fasti\u0165 aj do non-Hodgkinovho lymf\u00f3mu.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:18px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/hepatitis-c-hcv-virus-1024x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-26245\" width=\"-1048\" height=\"-1048\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/hepatitis-c-hcv-virus-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/hepatitis-c-hcv-virus-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/hepatitis-c-hcv-virus-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/hepatitis-c-hcv-virus-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/hepatitis-c-hcv-virus-12x12.jpg 12w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/hepatitis-c-hcv-virus-100x100.jpg 100w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/hepatitis-c-hcv-virus.jpg 1250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Cez <a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mind the Graph<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:18px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3>HIV (v\u00edrus \u013eudskej imunodeficiencie)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>HIV je retrov\u00edrus, ktor\u00fd m\u00f4\u017ee sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 syndr\u00f3m z\u00edskanej imunodeficiencie, chronick\u00e9, niekedy smrte\u013en\u00e9 ochorenie (AIDS). HIV infikuje a zab\u00edja pomocn\u00e9 T-bunky. Ke\u010f sa po\u010det T-buniek zn\u00ed\u017ei, imunitn\u00fd syst\u00e9m m\u00e1 ve\u013ek\u00e9 probl\u00e9my bojova\u0165 s infekciami. Infekcia HIV tie\u017e stimuluje rast \u0161pecifick\u00fdch buniek B, \u010d\u00edm sa zvy\u0161uje riziko ich nadmern\u00e9ho mno\u017estva a mut\u00e1ci\u00ed.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>HIV sa \u0161\u00edri telesn\u00fdmi tekutinami vr\u00e1tane krvi, spermi\u00ed a vagin\u00e1lnych tekut\u00edn. M\u00f4\u017ee sa prenies\u0165 aj z HIV pozit\u00edvnej matky na jej die\u0165a. HIV sa ned\u00e1 vylie\u010di\u0165, ale d\u00e1 sa zvl\u00e1dnu\u0165 pomocou liekov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Niektor\u00e9 formy lymf\u00f3mov, ako napr\u00edklad non-Hodgkinov lymf\u00f3m, Hodgkinov lymf\u00f3m, prim\u00e1rny lymf\u00f3m CNS, leuk\u00e9mia a myel\u00f3m, m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 infekciou HIV. HIV okrem lymf\u00f3mov zvy\u0161uje aj pravdepodobnos\u0165 vzniku Kaposiho sark\u00f3mu, rakoviny kr\u010dka maternice a rakoviny kone\u010dn\u00edka, pe\u010dene, \u00fast a hrdla a p\u013e\u00fac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:18px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/hiv-1024x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-26246\" width=\"-1010\" height=\"-1010\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/hiv-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/hiv-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/hiv-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/hiv-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/hiv-12x12.jpg 12w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/hiv-100x100.jpg 100w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/hiv.jpg 1250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Cez <a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mind the Graph<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:18px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3>\u013dudsk\u00fd herpesv\u00edrus 8<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00edrus \u013eudsk\u00e9ho herpesv\u00edrusu-8 (HHV-8), zn\u00e1my aj ako herpesv\u00edrus spojen\u00fd s Kaposiho sark\u00f3mom, je \u010dlenom rodiny DNA v\u00edrusov Herpesviridae. KS je nezvy\u010dajn\u00e1, pomaly rast\u00faca rakovina, ktor\u00e1 sa \u010dasto prejavuje ako \u010dervenofialov\u00e9 alebo modro-hned\u00e9 n\u00e1dory tesne pod ko\u017eou. HHV-8 infikuje bunky, ktor\u00e9 lemuj\u00fa krvn\u00e9 a lymfatick\u00e9 tepny pri KS. V d\u00f4sledku infekcie sa nadmerne delia a \u017eij\u00fa ove\u013ea dlh\u0161ie, ako by mali. Tieto zmeny ich m\u00f4\u017eu potenci\u00e1lne premeni\u0165 na rakovinov\u00e9 bunky.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>HHV-8 sa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou pren\u00e1\u0161a pohlavn\u00fdm stykom a slinami. Transf\u00fazie org\u00e1nov a krvi m\u00f4\u017eu potenci\u00e1lne vies\u0165 k prenosu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Je zodpovedn\u00fd za Kaposiho sark\u00f3m, druh rakoviny, ktor\u00fd postihuje ko\u017eu a m\u00e4kk\u00e9 tkaniv\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:18px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/human-herpesvirus-8-1024x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-26247\" width=\"-983\" height=\"-983\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/human-herpesvirus-8-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/human-herpesvirus-8-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/human-herpesvirus-8-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/human-herpesvirus-8-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/human-herpesvirus-8-12x12.jpg 12w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/human-herpesvirus-8-100x100.jpg 100w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/human-herpesvirus-8.jpg 1250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Cez <a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mind the Graph<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:18px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3>\u013dudsk\u00fd papilomav\u00edrus<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u013dudsk\u00fd papilomav\u00edrus (HPV) je najroz\u0161\u00edrenej\u0161\u00ed pohlavne prenosn\u00fd v\u00edrus, ktor\u00fd sa \u0161\u00edri kontaktom ko\u017ea na ko\u017eu, pri\u010dom naj\u010dastej\u0161\u00edm prenosom je pohlavn\u00fd styk. Ke\u010f sa gen\u00f3m HPV integruje do \u013eudsk\u00fdch chromoz\u00f3mov, naru\u0161\u00ed otvoren\u00fd \u010d\u00edtac\u00ed r\u00e1mec a vyvol\u00e1 nadmern\u00fa expresiu dvoch v\u00edrusov\u00fdch onkog\u00e9nov, \u010do m\u00f4\u017ee vies\u0165 k rakovine.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Existuje 14 vysoko rizikov\u00fdch kme\u0148ov HPV, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 rakovinu u mu\u017eov aj \u017eien. Medzi tieto druhy rakoviny patr\u00ed rakovina kone\u010dn\u00edka, kr\u010dka maternice, penisu, hrdla, vag\u00edny a vulvy a hlavy a krku. Odhaduje sa, \u017ee viac ako 70% pr\u00edpadov rakoviny kr\u010dka maternice sp\u00f4sobuj\u00fa dva vysoko rizikov\u00e9 kmene, 16 a 18.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:18px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/human-papillomavirus-hpv-1024x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-26248\" width=\"-1004\" height=\"-1004\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/human-papillomavirus-hpv-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/human-papillomavirus-hpv-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/human-papillomavirus-hpv-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/human-papillomavirus-hpv-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/human-papillomavirus-hpv-12x12.jpg 12w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/human-papillomavirus-hpv-100x100.jpg 100w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/human-papillomavirus-hpv.jpg 1250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Cez <a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mind the Graph<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:18px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2>V\u00edrus \u013eudskej T-bunkovej leuk\u00e9mie typu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>HTLV-1 je retrov\u00edrus, \u010do je druh v\u00edrusu. Tieto v\u00edrusy pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa na tvorbu svojho genetick\u00e9ho k\u00f3du sk\u00f4r RNA ako DNA. Aby sa mohli replikova\u0165, musia absolvova\u0165 \u010fal\u0161iu f\u00e1zu transform\u00e1cie svojich RNA g\u00e9nov na DNA. Niektor\u00e9 z dodato\u010dn\u00fdch g\u00e9nov DNA sa nakoniec m\u00f4\u017eu za\u010dleni\u0165 do chromoz\u00f3mov \u013eudskej bunky infikovanej v\u00edrusom. To m\u00f4\u017ee sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 zmeny vo v\u00fdvoji a delen\u00ed buniek, \u010do m\u00f4\u017ee vies\u0165 k rakovine.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Podobne ako HIV sa \u0161\u00edri telesn\u00fdmi tekutinami, napr\u00edklad krvou, spermiami a vagin\u00e1lnymi tekutinami. Na die\u0165a ho m\u00f4\u017ee prenies\u0165 aj HIV pozit\u00edvna matka, toto riziko sa v\u0161ak minimalizuje, ak matka nedoj\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>HTLV-1 sa sp\u00e1ja s lymfocyt\u00e1rnou leuk\u00e9miou a non-Hodgkinov\u00fdm lymf\u00f3mom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:18px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/human-t-cell-leukemia-virus-type-htlv-1024x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-26249\" width=\"-959\" height=\"-959\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/human-t-cell-leukemia-virus-type-htlv-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/human-t-cell-leukemia-virus-type-htlv-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/human-t-cell-leukemia-virus-type-htlv-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/human-t-cell-leukemia-virus-type-htlv-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/human-t-cell-leukemia-virus-type-htlv-12x12.jpg 12w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/human-t-cell-leukemia-virus-type-htlv-100x100.jpg 100w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/human-t-cell-leukemia-virus-type-htlv.jpg 1250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Cez <a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mind the Graph<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:18px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2>Polyomav\u00edrus Merkelov\u00fdch buniek<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>MCV bol identifikovan\u00fd vo vzork\u00e1ch zo zriedkavej a z\u00e1va\u017enej formy rakoviny ko\u017ee zn\u00e1mej ako karcin\u00f3m z Merkelov\u00fdch buniek. MCV infikuje preva\u017en\u00fa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu \u013eud\u00ed v ur\u010ditom obdob\u00ed ich \u017eivota (v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou v detstve) a zvy\u010dajne nesp\u00f4sobuje \u017eiadne pr\u00edznaky. V zriedkav\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch v\u00edrusovej infekcie v\u0161ak m\u00f4\u017ee v\u00edrus modifikova\u0165 DNA vo vn\u00fatri buniek, \u010do vedie k vzniku rakoviny Merkelov\u00fdch buniek, a v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti je pova\u017eovan\u00fd za pr\u00ed\u010dinu takmer v\u0161etk\u00fdch pr\u00edpadov rakoviny Merkelov\u00fdch buniek.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hoci nie je ist\u00e9, ako sa \u013eudia t\u00fdmto v\u00edrusom nakazia, zistilo sa, \u017ee sa nach\u00e1dza na viacer\u00fdch miestach v tele vr\u00e1tane ko\u017ee a sl\u00edn.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:18px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/merkel-cell-polyomavirus-1024x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-26250\" width=\"-893\" height=\"-893\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/merkel-cell-polyomavirus-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/merkel-cell-polyomavirus-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/merkel-cell-polyomavirus-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/merkel-cell-polyomavirus-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/merkel-cell-polyomavirus-12x12.jpg 12w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/merkel-cell-polyomavirus-100x100.jpg 100w, https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/merkel-cell-polyomavirus.jpg 1250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Cez <a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mind the Graph<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:18px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2>Ako sa vyhn\u00fa\u0165 v\u00edrusom sp\u00f4sobuj\u00facim rakovinu?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>O\u010dkovanie - o\u010dkovanie proti HPV m\u00f4\u017ee zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 riziko vzniku rakoviny s\u00favisiacej s HPV a o\u010dkovanie proti hepatit\u00edde B m\u00f4\u017ee v\u00fdrazne zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 riziko vzniku rakoviny pe\u010dene.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pou\u017e\u00edvajte ochranu - pom\u00e1ha to vyhn\u00fa\u0165 sa pohlavne prenosn\u00fdm v\u00edrusom vr\u00e1tane HPV, HIV a hepatit\u00eddy B a C.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Vyhnite sa zdie\u013eaniu tekut\u00edn - nepou\u017e\u00edvajte neleg\u00e1lne drogy ani nezdie\u013eajte injek\u010dn\u00e9 strieka\u010dky, ihly alebo in\u00e9 kontaminovan\u00e9 vybavenie \u010di osobn\u00e9 predmety, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu obsahova\u0165 krv. Ke\u010f\u017ee niektor\u00e9 v\u00edrusy sa m\u00f4\u017eu \u0161\u00edri\u0165 slinami, vyh\u00fdbajte sa zdie\u013eaniu pr\u00edborov, n\u00e1pojov a dot\u00fdkaniu sa \u00fast pred umyt\u00edm r\u00fak.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Ak v\u00e1m hroz\u00ed riziko, nechajte sa vy\u0161etri\u0165 - Niektor\u00e9 v\u00edrusy s\u00favisiace s rakovinou, ako napr\u00edklad HPV, HIV a hepatit\u00edda B a C, sa daj\u00fa vy\u0161etri\u0165. Odhal\u00edte ich v ranom \u0161t\u00e1diu, ke\u010f s\u00fa lep\u0161ie lie\u010dite\u013en\u00e9.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>Najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia gal\u00e9ria vedecky presn\u00fdch ilustr\u00e1ci\u00ed na svete<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Zistite viac o <a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=content\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mind the Graph<\/a>, ve\u013ek\u00fa gal\u00e9riu vedecky presn\u00fdch ilustr\u00e1ci\u00ed s n\u00e1dhern\u00fdmi \u0161abl\u00f3nami, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eete vyu\u017ei\u0165 na komunik\u00e1ciu a distrib\u00faciu svojej pr\u00e1ce. V\u010faka slu\u017ebe Mind The Graph m\u00f4\u017eete jednoducho n\u00e1js\u0165 dokonal\u00fa infografiku alebo ilustr\u00e1ciu, ktor\u00e1 sa hod\u00ed k va\u0161ej pr\u00e1ci. A ak nen\u00e1jdete \u0161abl\u00f3nu, ktor\u00fa ste si pre \u0148u predstavovali, vytvor\u00edme ju pre v\u00e1s!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:18px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=content\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/r3qiu0qenda-3.gif\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-25130\" width=\"771\" height=\"434\"\/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:18px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button aligncenter\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/\" style=\"border-radius:50px;background-color:#dc1866\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Zv\u00fd\u0161te svoj v\u00fdskum pomocou ilustr\u00e1ci\u00ed<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:44px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V\u00edrusom sa d\u00e1 \u013eahko predch\u00e1dza\u0165, ke\u010f sa s nimi zozn\u00e1mite. Pre\u010d\u00edtajte si o 8 r\u00f4znych typoch, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 rakovinu, a ako sa im vyhn\u00fa\u0165.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":28,"featured_media":26254,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Learn About The 8 Viruses That Can Cause Cancer<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Viruses are easy to prevent after you get to know them. Learn about the 8 different types that can cause cancer and how to avoid them.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/virusy-ktore-mozu-sposobit-rakovinu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Learn About The 8 Viruses That Can Cause Cancer\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Viruses are easy to prevent after you get to know them. 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Currently developing scientific and intellectual knowledge for the community's benefit. Jessica is an animal rights activist who enjoys reading and drinking strong coffee.","sameAs":["https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/jessica-abbadia-9b834a13b\/"],"url":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/author\/jessica\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26236"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/28"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26236"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26236\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":54655,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26236\/revisions\/54655"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26254"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26236"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26236"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26236"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}