{"id":26101,"date":"2023-01-06T14:55:00","date_gmt":"2023-01-06T17:55:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/publication-bias-copy\/"},"modified":"2023-01-12T17:14:12","modified_gmt":"2023-01-12T20:14:12","slug":"molecule-design","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/navrh-molekuly\/","title":{"rendered":"\u010co je dizajn molekuly a na \u010do sl\u00fa\u017ei?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pochopenie bunkovej a molekul\u00e1rnej biol\u00f3gie sa v poslednom \u010dase v\u00fdrazne zv\u00fd\u0161ilo. V\u010faka t\u00fdmto d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdm objavom za\u010d\u00edna veda napredova\u0165 a nach\u00e1dza nov\u00e9 odpovede na star\u00e9 probl\u00e9my.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jedn\u00fdm z t\u00fdchto prebiehaj\u00facich vedeck\u00fdch pokrokov je dizajn molek\u00fal. V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku sa jednoduch\u00fdm a dynamick\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom dozviete viac o dizajne molek\u00fal a jeho hlavn\u00fdch \u00fa\u010deloch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010co je to molekula?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Molekula je skupina dvoch alebo viacer\u00fdch at\u00f3mov, ktor\u00e9 spolu tvoria najmen\u0161iu rozpoznate\u013en\u00fa jednotku, na ktor\u00fa mo\u017eno rozdeli\u0165 \u010dist\u00fd materi\u00e1l, pri\u010dom sa zachov\u00e1 jeho obsah a chemick\u00e9 vlastnosti. Molekuly sa ozna\u010duj\u00fa symbolom prvku a indexom ozna\u010duj\u00facim po\u010det at\u00f3mov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Diatomick\u00e9 molekuly vznikaj\u00fa, ke\u010f sa spoja iba dva at\u00f3my. Oxid uho\u013enat\u00fd (CO) je dvojat\u00f3mov\u00e1 molekula zlo\u017een\u00e1 z jedn\u00e9ho at\u00f3mu uhl\u00edka a jedn\u00e9ho at\u00f3mu kysl\u00edka. Homojadrov\u00e1 diatomick\u00e1 molekula vznik\u00e1, ke\u010f sa spoja dva at\u00f3my presne toho ist\u00e9ho prvku, napr\u00edklad kysl\u00edka (O2) a dus\u00edka (N) (N2). Mnohoat\u00f3mov\u00e9 molekuly, ako napr\u00edklad voda (H2O) a oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd, obsahuj\u00fa viac ako dva at\u00f3my (CO2). Polym\u00e9ry s\u00fa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie molekuly, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu obsahova\u0165 tis\u00edce at\u00f3mov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ako molekuly sa at\u00f3my m\u00f4\u017eu sklada\u0165 r\u00f4znymi sp\u00f4sobmi. Kombin\u00e1ciou rovnak\u00fdch at\u00f3mov v r\u00f4znych mno\u017estv\u00e1ch m\u00f4\u017ee vznikn\u00fa\u0165 nieko\u013eko molek\u00fal. Voda (H2O) je tvoren\u00e1 dvoma at\u00f3mami vod\u00edka a jedn\u00fdm at\u00f3mom kysl\u00edka, zatia\u013e \u010do peroxid vod\u00edka je tvoren\u00fd dvoma at\u00f3mami vod\u00edka a dvoma at\u00f3mami kysl\u00edka (H2O2). A tie ist\u00e9 at\u00f3my sa m\u00f4\u017eu kombinova\u0165 v rovnak\u00fdch pomeroch, ale v r\u00f4znej fyzik\u00e1lnej \u0161trukt\u00fare. Fyzik\u00e1lna \u0161trukt\u00fara molekuly ur\u010duje jej vlastnosti. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e1vrh molek\u00fal<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e1vrh molekuly je in\u017einierska\/vedeck\u00e1 kon\u0161trukcia, ktor\u00e1 kombinuje dve alebo viac zlo\u017eiek s cie\u013eom vytvori\u0165 nov\u00fa biologick\u00fa l\u00e1tku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chemici vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa technick\u00e9 znalosti a manu\u00e1lne experimentuj\u00fa s n\u00e1vrhom molekuly, pri\u010dom zav\u00e1dzaj\u00fa a odstra\u0148uj\u00fa funk\u010dn\u00e9 skupiny - zoskupenia at\u00f3mov a v\u00e4zieb so \u0161pecifick\u00fdmi vlastnos\u0165ami. Aj ke\u010f sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa met\u00f3dy, ktor\u00e9 predpokladaj\u00fa ide\u00e1lne po\u017eadovan\u00e9 vlastnosti, chemici musia ka\u017ed\u00fd krok modifik\u00e1cie vykona\u0165 ru\u010dne. To m\u00f4\u017ee v ka\u017edej f\u00e1ze trva\u0165 dlho a napriek tomu sa nedosiahnu molekuly s vhodn\u00fdmi vlastnos\u0165ami.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n
\n
\"\"\/<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00da\u010del n\u00e1vrhu molek\u00fal<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pokia\u013e ide o farmaceutick\u00fd priemysel, dizajn molek\u00fal je cenn\u00fdm pr\u00ednosom. V\u017edy, ke\u010f sa predstav\u00ed nov\u00fd liek proti rakovine, znamen\u00e1 to \u00fasilie vedcov, ktor\u00ed str\u00e1vili roky pr\u00e1ce v z\u00e1kulis\u00ed, aby vytvorili a otestovali nov\u00fd dizajn molekuly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cie\u013eom \u00fapravy dizajnu molekuly je dosiahnu\u0165, aby bol liek \u010do naj\u00fa\u010dinnej\u0161\u00ed a z\u00e1rove\u0148 bezpe\u010dn\u00fd a jednoduch\u00fd na v\u00fdrobu. Tento typ pr\u00e1ce zah\u0155\u0148a kon\u0161trukciu ka\u017edej alternat\u00edvnej molekulovej \u0161trukt\u00fary na testovanie, \u010do je \u010dasovo n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 oper\u00e1cia, aj ke\u010f v\u00fdskumn\u00edci maj\u00fa v \u00famysle upravi\u0165 len jeden at\u00f3m uhl\u00edka, v\u00fdskumn\u00edci musia vybera\u0165 z tis\u00edcov r\u00f4znych mo\u017enost\u00ed na vytvorenie tejto \u0161trukt\u00fary.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jedn\u00fdm zo sp\u00f4sobov je pou\u017eitie po\u010d\u00edta\u010dom podporovan\u00e9ho molekul\u00e1rneho dizajnu (CAMD). V\u00fdvoj liekov je proces rie\u0161enia probl\u00e9mov, ktor\u00fd sa za\u010d\u00edna s cie\u013eom lokalizova\u0165 spr\u00e1vnu molekulu a spr\u00e1vnu fyzik\u00e1lno-chemick\u00fa vlastnos\u0165 v ur\u010ditom molekul\u00e1rnom priestore. Tu za\u010d\u00edna fungova\u0165 algoritmus CAMD, ktor\u00fd navrhuje a vyv\u00edja akt\u00edvne farmaceutick\u00e9 zlo\u017eky, ako aj n\u00e1vrh molekuly, kde sa vyberaj\u00fa pomocn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky a molekuly nosi\u010dov. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

CAMD pri\u0161iel demon\u0161trova\u0165, ako dok\u00e1\u017ee zvl\u00e1dnu\u0165 farmaceutick\u00e9 \u0165a\u017ekosti a ako sa \u010dasovo n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 techniky pokusov a omylov daj\u00fa v\u00fdrazne nahradi\u0165 po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdmi pr\u00edstupmi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vyv\u00edja sa nieko\u013eko nov\u00fdch techn\u00edk vr\u00e1tane model strojov\u00e9ho u\u010denia vytvoren\u00fd v\u00fdskumn\u00edkmi MIT<\/a> ktor\u00fd by mohol pom\u00f4c\u0165 chemikom vyr\u00e1ba\u0165 molekuly s vy\u0161\u0161ou \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165ou ove\u013ea r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie prostredn\u00edctvom automatiz\u00e1cie n\u00e1vrhu molek\u00fal, aby sa ur\u00fdchlil v\u00fdvoj liekov. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n
\n
\"\"\/<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Spolupracujte so zdatn\u00fdmi grafikmi na vytvoren\u00ed spr\u00e1vnej ilustr\u00e1cie pre v\u00e1\u0161 v\u00fdskum<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Zrakovo postihnut\u00ed \u017eiaci tvoria 65% popul\u00e1cie, pod\u013ea \u0161t\u00fadie<\/a>, za\u010dlenenie vizu\u00e1lnych prvkov do \u010dl\u00e1nkov s cie\u013eom sprostredkova\u0165 pr\u00edbeh m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 \u00fa\u010dinnej\u0161ie. Infografiky vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa vizu\u00e1lne pom\u00f4cky, ako s\u00fa tabu\u013eky, grafy a diagramy, ktor\u00e9 pom\u00e1haj\u00fa \u013eu\u010fom pochopi\u0165 zlo\u017eit\u00e9 t\u00e9my. Spolupracujte s Pozor na graf<\/a>'s odborn\u00fdmi grafick\u00fdmi dizajn\u00e9rmi, aby ste vytvorili t\u00fa spr\u00e1vnu ilustr\u00e1ciu pre v\u00e1\u0161 v\u00fdskum a zv\u00fd\u0161ili expoz\u00edciu va\u0161ej pr\u00e1ce!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n
\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
Zv\u00fd\u0161te svoj v\u00fdskum pomocou ilustr\u00e1ci\u00ed<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V poslednom \u010dase sa v\u00fdrazne zlep\u0161ila bunkov\u00e1 a molekul\u00e1rna biol\u00f3gia; zistite, \u010do je to dizajn molek\u00fal a ako revolu\u010dne men\u00ed vedu.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":28,"featured_media":26109,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nWhat is a Molecule Design and what purpose does it serve?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Cellular and molecular biology has lately improved substantially; find out what molecule design is and how it is revolutionizing science.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/navrh-molekuly\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"What is a Molecule Design and what purpose does it serve?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Cellular and molecular biology has lately improved substantially; find out what molecule design is and how it is revolutionizing science.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/navrh-molekuly\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Mind the Graph Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-01-06T17:55:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-01-12T20:14:12+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/what-is-molecule-design-blog.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1123\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"612\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Jessica Abbadia\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"What is a Molecule Design and what purpose does it serve?\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"Cellular and molecular biology has lately improved substantially; find out what molecule design is and how it is revolutionizing science.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:image\" content=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/what-is-molecule-design-blog.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Jessica Abbadia\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"What is a Molecule Design and what purpose does it serve?","description":"Cellular and molecular biology has lately improved substantially; find out what molecule design is and how it is revolutionizing science.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/navrh-molekuly\/","og_locale":"sk_SK","og_type":"article","og_title":"What is a Molecule Design and what purpose does it serve?","og_description":"Cellular and molecular biology has lately improved substantially; find out what molecule design is and how it is revolutionizing science.","og_url":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/navrh-molekuly\/","og_site_name":"Mind the Graph Blog","article_published_time":"2023-01-06T17:55:00+00:00","article_modified_time":"2023-01-12T20:14:12+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1123,"height":612,"url":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/what-is-molecule-design-blog.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Jessica Abbadia","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_title":"What is a Molecule Design and what purpose does it serve?","twitter_description":"Cellular and molecular biology has lately improved substantially; find out what molecule design is and how it is revolutionizing science.","twitter_image":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/what-is-molecule-design-blog.jpg","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Jessica Abbadia","Est. reading time":"4 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/molecule-design\/","url":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/molecule-design\/","name":"What is a Molecule Design and what purpose does it serve?","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/#website"},"datePublished":"2023-01-06T17:55:00+00:00","dateModified":"2023-01-12T20:14:12+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/96ecc2d785106e951f7773dc7c96d699"},"description":"Cellular and molecular biology has lately improved substantially; find out what molecule design is and how it is revolutionizing science.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/molecule-design\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"sk-SK","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/molecule-design\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/molecule-design\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"What is a Molecule Design and what purpose does it serve?"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/#website","url":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/","name":"Mind the Graph Blog","description":"Your science can be beautiful!","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"sk-SK"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/96ecc2d785106e951f7773dc7c96d699","name":"Jessica Abbadia","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"sk-SK","@id":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/f477bd20199beb376b04b2fda9a2cec5?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/f477bd20199beb376b04b2fda9a2cec5?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Jessica Abbadia"},"description":"Jessica Abbadia is a lawyer that has been working in Digital Marketing since 2020, improving organic performance for apps and websites in various regions through ASO and SEO. Currently developing scientific and intellectual knowledge for the community's benefit. Jessica is an animal rights activist who enjoys reading and drinking strong coffee.","sameAs":["https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/jessica-abbadia-9b834a13b\/"],"url":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/author\/jessica\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26101"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/28"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26101"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26101\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":26122,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26101\/revisions\/26122"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26109"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26101"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26101"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26101"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}