{"id":19837,"date":"2022-09-15T11:59:00","date_gmt":"2022-09-15T14:59:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/?p=19837"},"modified":"2023-03-20T09:54:50","modified_gmt":"2023-03-20T12:54:50","slug":"cutaneous-and-acral-melanoma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/kozny-a-akralny-melanom\/","title":{"rendered":"Preh\u013ead v\u00fdskumu: Ko\u017en\u00fd a akr\u00e1lny melan\u00f3m"},"content":{"rendered":"

U\u017e desa\u0165ro\u010dia sa v niektor\u00fdch popul\u00e1ci\u00e1ch na celom svete zaznamen\u00e1va n\u00e1rast v\u00fdskytu melan\u00f3mu. Novotvar melanocytov v ko\u017ei, sliznici alebo uvei sa naz\u00fdva melan\u00f3m. Napriek jeho 5% zast\u00fapeniu vo v\u0161etk\u00fdch ko\u017en\u00fdch malignit\u00e1ch je zodpovedn\u00fd za viac ako 75% v\u0161etk\u00fdch \u00famrt\u00ed na rakovinu ko\u017ee.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hoci je pozit\u00edvna s\u00favislos\u0165 medzi vystaven\u00edm UV \u017eiareniu a vznikom melan\u00f3mu dobre zn\u00e1ma, z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 epigenetick\u00e9 mechanizmy v tkaniv\u00e1ch \u013eudsk\u00e9ho melan\u00f3mu nie s\u00fa do zna\u010dnej miery presk\u00faman\u00e9. V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku sa bude diskutova\u0165 o prognostickom n\u00e1dorovom faktore s\u00favisiacom s patobiol\u00f3giou a expoz\u00edciou ultrafialov\u00e9mu \u017eiareniu spolu s autorov\u00fdmi poznatkami na uveden\u00fa t\u00e9mu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cie\u013e \u0161t\u00fadie<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pomocou dvoch nez\u00e1visl\u00fdch kohort pacientov s ko\u017en\u00fdm melan\u00f3mom sa sna\u017eia objavi\u0165 a overi\u0165 metyla\u010dn\u00e9 zmeny v celom gen\u00f3me spojen\u00e9 s UV mut\u00e1ciami. Hlavn\u00fdm cie\u013eom je presk\u00fama\u0165 diagnostick\u00fd potenci\u00e1l metyl\u00f3mov DNA v porovnan\u00ed s transkript\u00f3mami a integrovan\u00fdmi metyl\u00f3mami a transkript\u00f3mami na rozl\u00ed\u0161enie medzi UV-mutovan\u00fdmi a nemutovan\u00fdmi ko\u017en\u00fdmi melan\u00f3mami. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pomocou integra\u010dn\u00e9ho pr\u00edstupu OMIC sa hodnotia mal\u00e9 nukleotidov\u00e9 varianty (SNV) a varianty s po\u010dtom k\u00f3pi\u00ed (CNV) prioritn\u00fdch diferenci\u00e1lne metylovan\u00fdch g\u00e9nov z h\u013eadiska potenci\u00e1lu ovl\u00e1da\u010da rakoviny. Tento v\u00fdskum je \u010falej podporen\u00fd \u010fal\u0161\u00edm, ktor\u00fd sk\u00fama, \u010di metyl\u00f3my DNA m\u00f4\u017eu rozl\u00ed\u0161i\u0165 patologick\u00e9 a s UV \u017eiaren\u00edm s\u00favisiace rozdiely medzi v\u00fdznamn\u00fdmi variantmi melan\u00f3mu, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa spojen\u00e9 s vystaven\u00edm UV \u017eiareniu (ko\u017en\u00fd melan\u00f3m), a t\u00fdmi, ktor\u00e9 nie s\u00fa (akr\u00e1lny melan\u00f3m). Sch\u00e9ma v \u010dl\u00e1nku ukazuje, ak\u00fd je cie\u013e a postup \u0161t\u00fadie. Grafick\u00e9 zn\u00e1zornenie bolo vytvoren\u00e9 pomocou Mind the Graph<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Podrobn\u00e9 pos\u00fadenie \u0161t\u00fadie<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

V klinick\u00fdch biologick\u00fdch vzork\u00e1ch sa UV \u017eiarenie (UV) sp\u00e1ja s ko\u017en\u00fdm melan\u00f3mom, ale epigenetick\u00e9 mechanizmy, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa z\u00e1kladom t\u00fdchto mechanizmov, sa e\u0161te musia ur\u010di\u0165. Do tejto \u0161t\u00fadie bola zahrnut\u00e1 multietnick\u00e1 kohorta 112 buniek ko\u017en\u00e9ho melan\u00f3mu na klinick\u00e9, epigen\u00f3mov\u00e9 (DNA metyl\u00f3m), gen\u00f3mov\u00e9 a transkript\u00f3mov\u00e9 profilovanie. V tejto \u0161t\u00fadii identifikuj\u00fa UV \u017eiaren\u00edm indukovan\u00e9 zmeny v imunologick\u00fdch a regula\u010dn\u00fdch dr\u00e1hach, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 hnac\u00edm motorom rakoviny v r\u00e1mci viacer\u00fdch OMIC.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Okrem toho, \u017ee ide o najkritickej\u0161ie zapojen\u00fd g\u00e9n, TAPBP (Tap binding protein gene) sa kriticky podie\u013ea na imunitnej funkcii, pri\u010dom nieko\u013eko UV zmenen\u00fdch metyla\u010dn\u00fdch miest, ktor\u00e9 boli overen\u00e9 cielen\u00fdm sekvenovan\u00edm, poskytuje klinicky vyu\u017eite\u013en\u00e9 mo\u017enosti. MHC-I interaguje s transport\u00e9rom spojen\u00fdm so spracovan\u00edm antig\u00e9nu prostredn\u00edctvom TAPBP, \u010dlena imunoglobul\u00ednovej superrodiny. U viacer\u00fdch druhov rakoviny sa preuk\u00e1zala downregul\u00e1cia prote\u00ednu TAPBP (tapasin), ktor\u00e1 sa obnovuje po p\u00f4soben\u00ed cytok\u00ednov.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To nazna\u010duje, \u017ee nedostato\u010dn\u00e1 expresia TAPBP m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 sp\u00f4soben\u00e1 sk\u00f4r dysregul\u00e1ciou ako \u0161truktur\u00e1lnymi zmenami. V\u00fdskumn\u00edci zistili, \u017ee \u00farovne metyl\u00e1cie DNA TAPBP s\u00fa v\u00fdznamne nepriamo \u00famern\u00e9 transkripcii a \u017ee t\u00e1to je zmenen\u00e1 sk\u00f4r v d\u00f4sledku vystavenia UV \u017eiareniu ne\u017e v d\u00f4sledku patologickej identity melan\u00f3mu. Nezistilo sa, \u017ee by ko\u017en\u00e9 ani akr\u00e1lne melan\u00f3my bez UV mut\u00e1cie boli rozdielne metylovan\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Okrem zisten\u00ed zameran\u00fdch na TAPBP zistili, \u017ee UV mut\u00e1cie s\u00fa spojen\u00e9 s cel\u00fdm radom epigenetick\u00fdch zmien, ktor\u00e9 ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa metyl\u00f3m ko\u017en\u00e9ho melan\u00f3mu. V\u00fdsledky nazna\u010duj\u00fa, \u017ee ko\u017en\u00e9 melan\u00f3my, \u010di u\u017e s UV mut\u00e1ciou alebo bez UV mut\u00e1cie, mo\u017eno bude potrebn\u00e9 klasifikova\u0165 samostatne, aj ke\u010f sa predpoklad\u00e1, \u017ee maj\u00fa rovnak\u00fd patologick\u00fd\/bunkov\u00fd p\u00f4vod. Je to preto, \u017ee epigenomick\u00e1 krajina, z ktorej s\u00fa odvoden\u00e9, m\u00f4\u017ee obsahova\u0165 markery expoz\u00edcie aj bunkovej l\u00ednie. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

V tejto \u0161t\u00fadii boli na vzorky ko\u017en\u00e9ho a akr\u00e1lneho melan\u00f3mu pou\u017eit\u00e9 viacer\u00e9 v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 technol\u00f3gie vr\u00e1tane WGS, WES, sekvenovania RNA a profilovania cel\u00e9ho metyl\u00f3mu DNA spolu s najmodernej\u0161\u00edmi bioinformatick\u00fdmi n\u00e1strojmi. V\u00fdskumn\u00edci pou\u017eili verejne dostupn\u00e9 \u00fadaje a doplnili ich nov\u00fdmi s\u00fabormi \u00fadajov, ktor\u00e9 zah\u0155\u0148ali v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie ve\u013ekosti vzoriek, \u0161ir\u0161ie genomick\u00e9 pokrytie, komplexn\u00e9 fenotypov\u00e9 hodnotenia, dobre zachovan\u00e9 zmrazen\u00e9 vzorky tkaniva a hodnotenie melan\u00f3mov okrem ko\u017en\u00fdch a in\u00fdch etn\u00edk ako Eur\u00f3panov. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdsledkom tejto pr\u00e1ce boli tieto v\u00fdsledky<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

(1) Objavenie biomarkerov, ktor\u00e9 mo\u017eno pou\u017ei\u0165 na stratifik\u00e1ciu rizika rakoviny;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(2) Zlep\u0161enie klasifik\u00e1cie typov melan\u00f3mu v r\u00e1mci nich a medzi nimi; <\/p>\n\n\n\n

(3) Identifikova\u0165 molekul\u00e1rne faktory, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 zodpovedn\u00e9 za melanomagen\u00e9zu a na ktor\u00e9 sa d\u00e1 zamera\u0165 terapia; <\/p>\n\n\n\n

(4) Zvy\u0161ovanie vedomost\u00ed o patobiol\u00f3gii melan\u00f3mu s cie\u013eom zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 rozdiely v popul\u00e1cii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e1to \u0161t\u00fadia poskytuje pl\u00e1n pre podobn\u00e9 v\u00fdskumy g\u00e9nov a prostredia v in\u00fdch typoch melan\u00f3mu a zah\u0155\u0148a be\u017en\u00e9 aj menej \u010dast\u00e9 melan\u00f3my.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Efekt\u00edvnej\u0161\u00ed sp\u00f4sob oznamovania presn\u00fdch vedeck\u00fdch inform\u00e1ci\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e1to v\u00fdskumn\u00e1 pr\u00e1ca je ve\u013emi zauj\u00edmav\u00e1 a \u013eahko pochopite\u013en\u00e1, najm\u00e4 v\u010faka kr\u00e1snym grafick\u00fdm ilustr\u00e1ci\u00e1m. Grafy boli vytvoren\u00e9 pomocou Mind the Graph<\/a> n\u00e1stroj. Grafick\u00e1 ilustr\u00e1cia m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 pre \u010ditate\u013ea pr\u00ednosom r\u00f4znymi sp\u00f4sobmi. \u00darove\u0148 svojho v\u00fdskumu m\u00f4\u017eete vysk\u00fa\u0161a\u0165 tak, \u017ee sa bezplatne zaregistrujete na str\u00e1nke Mind the Graph a vysk\u00fa\u0161ate si prv\u00fd vedeck\u00fd obr\u00e1zok.

Nezabudnite si pozrie\u0165 n\u00e1\u0161 \u010dl\u00e1nok \"Vedeck\u00e1 ilustr\u00e1cia: K\u013e\u00fa\u010d k svetu vizu\u00e1lnej vedy<\/a>“. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Vytv\u00e1rajte efekt\u00edvne vedeck\u00e9 postavy za nieko\u013eko min\u00fat<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku sa bude diskutova\u0165 o prognostick\u00fdch faktoroch rakoviny s\u00favisiacich s patobiol\u00f3giou a vystaven\u00edm ultrafialov\u00e9mu \u017eiareniu spolu s autorov\u00fdmi postrehmi.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":27204,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[956],"tags":[937,96,554,775],"yoast_head":"\nResearch Review: Cutaneous and Acral Melanoma<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"This article will discuss the prognostic cancer driver related to pathobiology and ultraviolet exposure along with the author's insights.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/kozny-a-akralny-melanom\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" 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She is currently pursuing a master's degree in Bioentrepreneurship from Karolinska Institute. She is interested in health and diseases, global health, socioeconomic development, and women's health. 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