{"id":14781,"date":"2021-10-14T14:28:34","date_gmt":"2021-10-14T17:28:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/?p=14781"},"modified":"2023-01-05T14:53:24","modified_gmt":"2023-01-05T17:53:24","slug":"motivational-tactics-the-math-behind-the-reward-system","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/motivacna-taktika-system-odmenovania-v-pozadi\/","title":{"rendered":"Motiva\u010dn\u00e9 taktiky: Matematika syst\u00e9mu odme\u0148ovania"},"content":{"rendered":"

Syst\u00e9m odme\u0148ovania<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Vn\u00fatorne motivovan\u00e1 strat\u00e9gia kontroluje, ak\u00e9 ve\u013ek\u00e9 \u00fasilie vynaklad\u00e1me na dosiahnutie cie\u013ea. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ot\u00e1zka znie: \u010co n\u00e1s motivuje k tomu, aby sme vynalo\u017eili maxim\u00e1lne \u00fasilie na dosiahnutie ak\u00e9hoko\u013evek cie\u013ea, aj ke\u010f sa zd\u00e1 by\u0165 zdanlivo bezv\u00fdznamn\u00fd? Je to n\u00e1\u0161 mozog, ktor\u00fd sa n\u00e1s sna\u017e\u00ed nal\u00e1ka\u0165 na odmenu ako motiva\u010dn\u00fa strat\u00e9giu, ktor\u00e1 n\u00e1s bude poh\u00e1\u0148a\u0165 vpred? Ak\u00e9 d\u00f4vody sa skr\u00fdvaj\u00fa za na\u0161\u00edm konan\u00edm?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Syst\u00e9m odme\u0148ovania je oslaben\u00fd mnoh\u00fdmi patologick\u00fdmi stavmi, \u010do sp\u00f4sobuje nedostatok motiv\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ned\u00e1vna \u0161t\u00fadia<\/a> v Japonsku sk\u00famali siete syst\u00e9mu odme\u0148ovania op\u00edc a upravovali ich. Vo svojej \u0161t\u00fadii vedci odhalili nieko\u013eko z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch aspektov syst\u00e9mov odme\u0148ovania zameran\u00fdch na zv\u00fd\u0161enie motiv\u00e1cie. <\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Ilustr\u00e1cia<\/a>
Ilustr\u00e1cia Mind the Graph: Opica Vervet Sober<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Z neurologick\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska ide o syst\u00e9m odme\u0148ovania v mozgu, ktor\u00fd ovplyv\u0148uje n\u00e1\u0161 sklon sledova\u0165 svoje ciele a te\u0161i\u0165 sa z uspokojenia, ktor\u00e9 prin\u00e1\u0161a ich dosiahnutie. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aby sa zistil zdroj \u0161kodliv\u00fdch psychologick\u00fdch \u0165a\u017ekost\u00ed, ktor\u00fdm m\u00f4\u017eu \u010deli\u0165 ur\u010dit\u00e9 skupiny \u013eud\u00ed (napr\u00edklad \u013eudia s depresiou, schizofr\u00e9niou alebo Parkinsonovou chorobou, ktor\u00fdch syst\u00e9m odme\u0148ovania je zvy\u010dajne naru\u0161en\u00fd), vedci sk\u00famaj\u00fa mechanizmy syst\u00e9mu odme\u0148ovania a sp\u00f4sob, ak\u00fdm sa rozhoduje o tom, \u010di iniciova\u0165 ur\u010dit\u00e9 \u010dinnosti alebo nie.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\u0160abl\u00f3na<\/a>
\u0160abl\u00f3na Mind the Graph<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Dek\u00f3dovanie motiv\u00e1cie: \u010co zistili v\u00fdskumn\u00edci<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ka\u017ed\u00fd de\u0148 zva\u017eujeme pr\u00ednosy a n\u00e1klady nejak\u00e9ho konania a rozhodujeme sa, \u010di kona\u0165 alebo nie. V\u00fdhody (odmeny) zvy\u0161uj\u00fa pravdepodobnos\u0165 \u00faspe\u0161n\u00e9ho v\u00fdsledku, zatia\u013e \u010do n\u00e1klady na dosiahnutie tohto v\u00fdsledku (riziko, odklad a tvrd\u00e1 pr\u00e1ca) ved\u00fa k zn\u00ed\u017eeniu odmien.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dopam\u00edn (DA) je k\u013e\u00fa\u010dovou zlo\u017ekou motiv\u00e1cie, ktor\u00e1 ovplyv\u0148uje spr\u00e1vanie na z\u00e1klade o\u010dak\u00e1vanej odmeny alebo n\u00e1kladov spojen\u00fdch s \u010dinnos\u0165ou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pozit\u00edvna augment\u00e1cia f\u00e1zov\u00e9ho vypa\u013eovania DA neur\u00f3nov stredn\u00e9ho mozgu je korelovan\u00e1 s potenci\u00e1lnymi odmenami a kontraprodukt\u00edvna augment\u00e1cia je korelovan\u00e1 s rizikami.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ke\u010f DA pren\u00e1\u0161a svoje \u00fa\u010dinky v mozgu, pren\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa ich DA receptory, ktor\u00e9 vyh\u013ead\u00e1vaj\u00fa a via\u017eu molekuly DA, \u010d\u00edm \u0161\u00edria sign\u00e1ly v celom nervovom syst\u00e9me. Napriek tomu, ke\u010f\u017ee vlastnosti jednotliv\u00fdch receptorov sa l\u00ed\u0161ia, bolo nevyhnutn\u00e9 pochopi\u0165 relat\u00edvny vplyv ka\u017ed\u00e9ho z nich na sign\u00e1lnu dr\u00e1hu DA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aby vedci pochopili motiv\u00e1ciu, pou\u017eili opice makaky na \u0161t\u00fadium dvoch druhov DA receptorov: D1 (D1R) a D2 (D2R), ktor\u00e9 sa podie\u013eaj\u00fa na motiv\u00e1cii zalo\u017eenej na odmene.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\u0160abl\u00f3na<\/a>
\u0160abl\u00f3na Mind the Graph<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Vedci pou\u017eili systematick\u00fd pr\u00edstup na modul\u00e1ciu D1R a DA receptorov u t\u00fdchto op\u00edc injek\u010dn\u00fdm podan\u00edm molekuly, ktor\u00e1 potla\u010dila DA reakciu op\u00edc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pomocou pozitr\u00f3novej emisnej tomografie sa zistilo, ko\u013eko receptorov je v mozgu zvierat viazan\u00fdch alebo blokovan\u00fdch. Potom opice dostali \u00falohy, ktor\u00e9 mali dokon\u010di\u0165 v\u00fdmenou za odmenu. Zis\u0165ovalo sa pritom, \u010di \u00falohy prijali alebo nie a \u010di r\u00fdchlo reagovali na sign\u00e1ly. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na d\u00f4kladn\u00e9 pochopenie \u00falohy DA v motiv\u00e1cii je nevyhnutn\u00e9 sledova\u0165 vzorce DA po\u010das f\u00e1z prospechu a n\u00e1kladov, ako aj opatrenia \u00fa\u010dinku DA na receptory DA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rozhodovanie a motiv\u00e1ciu \u010dloveka ovplyv\u0148uje v\u00fdmena medzi odmenou a n\u00e1kladmi na z\u00edskanie odmeny. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u0161eobecne sa predpoklad\u00e1, \u017ee \u013eudia a zvierat\u00e1 d\u00e1vaj\u00fa prednos\u0165 okam\u017eitej, relat\u00edvne malej odmene pred v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ou odmenou, ktor\u00e1 pr\u00edde a\u017e po ur\u010ditom \u010dase.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prostredn\u00edctvom prenosu DA cez D1R a D2R sa motiv\u00e1cia zalo\u017een\u00e1 na n\u00e1kladoch riadi odli\u0161ne v z\u00e1vislosti od dostupnej odmeny a vynalo\u017een\u00fdch n\u00e1kladov (\u00fasilia) na konkr\u00e9tnu \u00falohu. Na druhej strane v\u0161ak kompenz\u00e1cia pracovnej z\u00e1\u0165a\u017ee s\u00favisela predov\u0161etk\u00fdm s manipul\u00e1ciou D2R, preto\u017ee \u0161k\u00e1lovala odmeny pod\u013ea potrebn\u00e9ho \u00fasilia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dva podtypy dopam\u00ednov\u00fdch receptorov, o ktor\u00fdch zistili, \u017ee zohr\u00e1vaj\u00fa komplement\u00e1rnu \u00falohu, m\u00f4\u017eu pom\u00f4c\u0165 ur\u010di\u0165 patofyziol\u00f3giu psychiatrick\u00fdch por\u00fach t\u00fdm, \u017ee bud\u00fa venova\u0165 pozornos\u0165 ich interakci\u00e1m. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdskum, ako je tento, pon\u00faka mo\u017enos\u0165 zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 \u00farove\u0148 motiv\u00e1cie mnoh\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed manipul\u00e1ciou ich vn\u00fatorn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu odme\u0148ovania.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ak sa chcete o \u0148om dozvedie\u0165 viac, pozrite si odkaz uveden\u00fd ni\u017e\u0161ie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hori, Yukiko a kol. \"D1 a D2 podobn\u00e9 receptory diferencovane sprostredk\u00favaj\u00fa \u00fa\u010dinky dopaminergn\u00e9ho prenosu na hodnotenie n\u00e1kladov\/v\u00fdnosov a motiv\u00e1ciu u op\u00edc.\" BioRxiv (2021): 2020-11. DOI: (1) V ROKU 2015 SA NA Z\u00c1KLADE V\u00ddSLEDKOV V\u00ddSKUMU V R\u00c1MCI PROJEKTU \"D\u00d4VERA V ZDRAVIE\" USKUTO\u010cNILO HODNOTENIE, KTOR\u00c9 BOLO VYKONAN\u00c9 V ROKU 2015: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pbio.3<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Syst\u00e9m odme\u0148ovania Vn\u00fatorne motivovan\u00e1 strat\u00e9gia kontroluje, ak\u00e9 ve\u013ek\u00e9 \u00fasilie vynaklad\u00e1me na dosiahnutie cie\u013ea. Ot\u00e1zka znie: \u010co n\u00e1s motivuje k tomu, aby sme vynalo\u017eili \u010do najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie \u00fasilie na dosiahnutie ak\u00e9hoko\u013evek cie\u013ea, nech sa zd\u00e1 akoko\u013evek bezv\u00fdznamn\u00fd? Je to n\u00e1\u0161 mozog, ktor\u00fd sa n\u00e1s sna\u017e\u00ed nal\u00e1ka\u0165 na odmenu ako motiva\u010dn\u00fa strat\u00e9giu, ktor\u00e1 [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":14787,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[554],"yoast_head":"\nMotivational Tactics: The Math Behind the Reward System - MTG<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Is it our brain trying to lure us into a reward as a motivation strategy that will propel us forward? Have you ever thought about that? Read more here.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/motivacna-taktika-system-odmenovania-v-pozadi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Motivational Tactics: The Math Behind the Reward System\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Mind the Graph Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/motivacna-taktika-system-odmenovania-v-pozadi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Mind the Graph Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-10-14T17:28:34+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-01-05T17:53:24+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/post-motivational-tactics-facebook.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"628\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Bruna Soldera\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Motivational Tactics: The Math Behind the Reward System\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"Mind the Graph Blog\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:image\" content=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/post-motivational-tactics-twitter.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Bruna Soldera\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Motivational Tactics: The Math Behind the Reward System - MTG","description":"Is it our brain trying to lure us into a reward as a motivation strategy that will propel us forward? Have you ever thought about that? Read more here.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/motivacna-taktika-system-odmenovania-v-pozadi\/","og_locale":"sk_SK","og_type":"article","og_title":"Motivational Tactics: The Math Behind the Reward System","og_description":"Mind the Graph Blog","og_url":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/motivacna-taktika-system-odmenovania-v-pozadi\/","og_site_name":"Mind the Graph Blog","article_published_time":"2021-10-14T17:28:34+00:00","article_modified_time":"2023-01-05T17:53:24+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1200,"height":628,"url":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/post-motivational-tactics-facebook.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Bruna Soldera","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_title":"Motivational Tactics: The Math Behind the Reward System","twitter_description":"Mind the Graph Blog","twitter_image":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/post-motivational-tactics-twitter.jpg","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Bruna Soldera","Est. reading time":"4 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/motivational-tactics-the-math-behind-the-reward-system\/","url":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/motivational-tactics-the-math-behind-the-reward-system\/","name":"Motivational Tactics: The Math Behind the Reward System - MTG","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/#website"},"datePublished":"2021-10-14T17:28:34+00:00","dateModified":"2023-01-05T17:53:24+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/6a3f0be2cd19879e0b9b54457a069602"},"description":"Is it our brain trying to lure us into a reward as a motivation strategy that will propel us forward? Have you ever thought about that? Read more here.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/motivational-tactics-the-math-behind-the-reward-system\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"sk-SK","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/motivational-tactics-the-math-behind-the-reward-system\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/motivational-tactics-the-math-behind-the-reward-system\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Motivational Tactics: The Math Behind the Reward System"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/#website","url":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/","name":"Mind the Graph Blog","description":"Your science can be beautiful!","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"sk-SK"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/6a3f0be2cd19879e0b9b54457a069602","name":"Bruna Soldera","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"sk-SK","@id":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/93afc55eb938f215d2b7a23322de49be?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/93afc55eb938f215d2b7a23322de49be?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Bruna Soldera"},"sameAs":["http:\/\/mindthegraph.com","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bruna-soldera-826426126\/"],"url":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/author\/bruna\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14781"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14781"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14781\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":26051,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14781\/revisions\/26051"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14787"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14781"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14781"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14781"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}