{"id":13115,"date":"2021-07-13T14:04:42","date_gmt":"2021-07-13T17:04:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/?p=13115"},"modified":"2023-01-05T14:27:25","modified_gmt":"2023-01-05T17:27:25","slug":"plastic-pollution-are-microplastics-contaminants-an-emerging-concern","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/plastove-znecistenie-su-mikroplasty-kontaminanty-vznikajuci-problem\/","title":{"rendered":"Zne\u010distenie plastmi: S\u00fa mikroplasty nov\u00fdm probl\u00e9mom?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Od chv\u00edle, ke\u010f vedci objavili nebezpe\u010denstvo mikroplastov, uplynulo u\u017e takmer 20 rokov - v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina \u0161t\u00fadi\u00ed sa zamerala na morsk\u00e9 \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchy. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ka\u017ed\u00fd plastov\u00fd \u00falomok dlh\u0161\u00ed ako 5 milimetrov sa ozna\u010duje ako mikroplast.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V za\u010diatkoch v\u00fdskumu mikroplastov v\u00fdskumn\u00edci pracovali predov\u0161etk\u00fdm na mikroperli\u010dk\u00e1ch a panensk\u00fdch plastov\u00fdch granul\u00e1ch, ktor\u00e9 sa nedali sformova\u0165 do v\u00fdrobkov, vr\u00e1tane kusov ve\u013ek\u00fdch \u00falomkov alebo rozbit\u00fdch flia\u0161, ktor\u00e9 sa pomaly kazili.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pozrite si Mind the Graph Gal\u00e9ria<\/a> ilustr\u00e1cie s\u00favisiace s t\u00e9mou tohto pr\u00edspevku. Kliknite na obr\u00e1zok ni\u017e\u0161ie!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Mind<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tieto zne\u010dis\u0165uj\u00face l\u00e1tky sa vyplavuj\u00fa do riek a kontaminuj\u00fa oce\u00e1ny. Oce\u00e1nografi odhaduj\u00fa, \u017ee povrchov\u00e9 vody Zeme obsahuj\u00fa od 15 do 51 bili\u00f3nov plastov\u00fdch \u010dast\u00edc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nieko\u013eko stoviek \u0161t\u00fadi\u00ed odhalilo pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 mikroplastov vo vodn\u00fdch organizmoch. Okrem toho boli odvtedy identifikovan\u00e9 mnoh\u00e9 zdroje mikroplastov, ako napr\u00edklad plastov\u00e9 \u010dastice pren\u00e1\u0161an\u00e9 vozidlami na cest\u00e1ch a syntetick\u00e9 vl\u00e1kna, ktor\u00e9 sa uvo\u013e\u0148uj\u00fa z oble\u010denia. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Okrem toho \u013eudia preh\u013ataj\u00fa alebo vdychuj\u00fa plasty z neidentifikovan\u00fdch zdrojov, preto\u017ee \u00falomky lietaj\u00fa medzi morom a pevninou. Je tie\u017e d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 zisti\u0165, \u010di drobn\u00e9 k\u00fasky plastov maj\u00fa alebo nemaj\u00fa negat\u00edvne \u00fa\u010dinky na \u013eud\u00ed alebo zvierat\u00e1. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meran\u00edm vystavenia zne\u010disteniu robia environment\u00e1lne regula\u010dn\u00e9 org\u00e1ny prv\u00fd krok ku kvantifik\u00e1cii zdravotn\u00fdch riz\u00edk. Vzh\u013eadom na n\u00e1rast koncentr\u00e1cie mikroplastov a \u010fal\u0161ie poruchy, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 konzum\u00e1ciou morsk\u00fdch plodov, to bolo d\u00f4vodom na ve\u013ek\u00e9 obavy a nov\u00fd v\u00fdvoj v pr\u00edpadoch probl\u00e9mov s d\u00fdchan\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ako presne mikroplasty \u0161kodia?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pr\u00ed\u010diny a \u00fa\u010dinky t\u00fdchto plastov\u00fdch \u010dast\u00edc boli predmetom viacer\u00fdch \u0161t\u00fadi\u00ed. V z\u00e1vislosti od ich ve\u013ekosti alebo schopnosti prenikn\u00fa\u0165 do tkan\u00edv alebo buniek m\u00f4\u017eu sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 podr\u00e1\u017edenie u\u017e len svojou pr\u00edtomnos\u0165ou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie obavy v\u00fdskumn\u00edkov vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00fa nanoplasty, najmen\u0161ie \u010dastice s priemerom v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edm ako jeden mikrometer. Ak z chemickej toxicity mikroplastov vypl\u00fdvaj\u00fa nejak\u00e9 negat\u00edvne \u00fa\u010dinky, maj\u00fa zvy\u010dajne v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu ve\u013ekos\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mnoh\u00e9 pr\u00eddavn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 pri v\u00fdrobe plastov predstavuj\u00fa zdravotn\u00e9 riziko, preto\u017ee negat\u00edvne ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa endokrinn\u00fd syst\u00e9m. Napriek tomu existuje mnoho faktorov, ktor\u00e9 sa sk\u00famaj\u00fa, aby sa pochopilo, ako sa mikroplasty prij\u00edmaj\u00fa a ako dlho trv\u00e1, k\u00fdm sa prejavia ich \u00fa\u010dinky na organizmus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0160t\u00fadie zameran\u00e9 konkr\u00e9tne na \u013eud\u00ed s\u00fa obmedzen\u00e9 a tento v\u00fdskum sa dostal do popredia aj napriek tomu, \u017ee jedin\u00e9 dostupn\u00e9 \u0161t\u00fadie vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa laborat\u00f3rne experimenty, ktor\u00e9 vystavuj\u00fa bunky a \u013eudsk\u00e9 tkaniv\u00e1 mikroplastom, alebo \u0161t\u00fadie na zvierat\u00e1ch s hlodavcami.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0160kody sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 mikroplastmi v morskom prostred\u00ed<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"osoba<\/a>
Zdroj obr\u00e1zku<\/em>: Unsplash<\/a> pod\u013ea Brian Yurasits<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ak hovor\u00edme o morsk\u00fdch organizmoch, najzrejmej\u0161\u00edm sp\u00f4sobom, ako im plast m\u00f4\u017ee ubl\u00ed\u017ei\u0165, je prehltnutie drobn\u00fdch plastov\u00fdch \u010dast\u00edc, ktor\u00e9 im neposkytuj\u00fa ve\u013ea v\u00fd\u017eivy, aby pre\u017eili. Vo svojom v\u00fdskume Lynchov\u00e1, ktor\u00e1 vedie Centrum pre v\u00fdskum morsk\u00e9ho odpadu<\/a> na adrese Hawaii Pacific University<\/a> v Honolulu sk\u00famali plasty a in\u00e9 chemik\u00e1lie v \u010drev\u00e1ch morsk\u00fdch korytna\u010diek n\u00e1jden\u00fdch na pl\u00e1\u017each.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jej t\u00edm vykonal v roku 2020 s\u00e9riu anal\u00fdz deviatich ml\u00e1\u010fat vo veku do troch t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148ov. Napriek tomu, \u017ee jedno vyliahnut\u00e9 ml\u00e1\u010fa malo iba 9 centimetrov, v jeho tr\u00e1viacom trakte sa nach\u00e1dzalo 42 kusov plastu. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu tvorili mikroplasty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hoci sa nepredpoklad\u00e1, \u017ee mikroplasty s\u00fa hlavnou pr\u00ed\u010dinou \u00famrt\u00ed, na\u010falej predstavuj\u00fa mimoriadne d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fd probl\u00e9m. Okrem toho mnoh\u00ed popredn\u00ed vedci urobili r\u00f4zne objavy s\u00favisiace s mikroplastmi a morsk\u00fdmi organizmami.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ako alternat\u00edvu ku gu\u013e\u00f4\u010dkam vedci v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa vl\u00e1kna alebo \u00falomky plastov, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa re\u00e1lnej\u0161ie vzh\u013eadom na podmienky prostredia. Mnoh\u00e9 testovacie vzorky s\u00fa potiahnut\u00e9 chemick\u00fdmi l\u00e1tkami, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa podobn\u00e9 biofilmom, \u010do zvy\u0161uje pravdepodobnos\u0165, \u017ee ich zvierat\u00e1 zjedia. T\u00fdmto sp\u00f4sobom do\u0161lo k pozit\u00edvnemu posunu v uzn\u00e1van\u00ed \u0161kodlivosti mikroplastov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti sa vedci domnievaj\u00fa, \u017ee mikroplasty a nanoplasty nie s\u00fa pr\u00edtomn\u00e9 v takej koncentr\u00e1cii, aby ovplyvnili \u013eudsk\u00e9 zdravie. Napriek tomu sa o\u010dak\u00e1va, \u017ee ich po\u010det bude narasta\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ak prejdeme na udr\u017eate\u013en\u00fd sp\u00f4sob \u017eivota a zn\u00ed\u017eime mno\u017estvo toxick\u00e9ho odpadu vyp\u00fa\u0161\u0165an\u00e9ho do mora, m\u00f4\u017eeme tento probl\u00e9m zvl\u00e1dnu\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Podrobn\u00fd opis \u010dl\u00e1nku n\u00e1jdete na DOI uvedenom ni\u017e\u0161ie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lim, X. (2021). Mikroplasty s\u00fa v\u0161ade - ale s\u00fa \u0161kodliv\u00e9? https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/d41586-021-01143-3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V gal\u00e9rii Mind the Graph n\u00e1jdete ilustr\u00e1cie t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa plastov a mora.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Od chv\u00edle, ke\u010f vedci objavili nebezpe\u010denstvo mikroplastov, uplynulo u\u017e takmer 20 rokov - v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina \u0161t\u00fadi\u00ed sa zamerala na morsk\u00e9 \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchy. Ka\u017ed\u00fd plastov\u00fd \u00falomok dlh\u0161\u00ed ako 5 milimetrov sa ozna\u010duje ako mikroplast. V za\u010diatkoch v\u00fdskumu mikroplastov sa v\u00fdskumn\u00edci zaoberali predov\u0161etk\u00fdm mikroperli\u010dkami a panensk\u00fdmi plastov\u00fdmi gu\u013e\u00f4\u010dkami, ktor\u00e9 sa nedali formova\u0165 do v\u00fdrobkov, [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":13119,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[554],"yoast_head":"\nPlastic Pollution: Are Microplastic Contaminants a Concern? - MTG<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Besides the presence of microplastics in aquatic organisms, researchers estimate 15 trillion particles of plastic in the ocean.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/plastove-znecistenie-su-mikroplasty-kontaminanty-vznikajuci-problem\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Plastic pollution: Are microplastics contaminants an emerging concern?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Besides the presence of microplastics in aquatic organisms, researchers estimate 15 trillion particles of plastic in the ocean.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/plastove-znecistenie-su-mikroplasty-kontaminanty-vznikajuci-problem\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Mind the Graph Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-07-13T17:04:42+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-01-05T17:27:25+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/post-plastic-pollution-facebook.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"628\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Bruna Soldera\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Plastic pollution: Are microplastics contaminants an emerging concern?\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"Besides the presence of microplastics in aquatic organisms, researchers estimate 15 trillion particles of plastic in the ocean.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:image\" content=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/post-plastic-pollution-twitter.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Bruna Soldera\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Plastic Pollution: Are Microplastic Contaminants a Concern? 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