{"id":13096,"date":"2021-07-05T19:37:29","date_gmt":"2021-07-05T22:37:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/?p=13096"},"modified":"2023-01-05T14:45:58","modified_gmt":"2023-01-05T17:45:58","slug":"measuring-soil-macronutrients-with-a-tongue","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/meranie-podnych-makrozivin-jazykom\/","title":{"rendered":"Meranie p\u00f4dnych makro\u017eiv\u00edn jazykom"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ako mera\u0165 makro\u017eiviny v p\u00f4de?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Na\u0161\u0165astie nikto nemus\u00ed olizova\u0165 p\u00f4du, aby zistil, ko\u013eko \u017eiv\u00edn sa v nej nach\u00e1dza.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vedci ako Dr. Maria L. Braunger<\/a> a Dr. Antonio Riul Jr.<\/a> pracuj\u00fa na elektronickom jazyku, ktor\u00fd to dok\u00e1\u017ee. Obaja v\u00fdskumn\u00edci vyv\u00edjaj\u00fa nov\u00e9 strat\u00e9gie a zariadenia na meranie \u017eiv\u00edn v p\u00f4de.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ako v\u0161ak toto zariadenie funguje a pre\u010do je potrebn\u00e9 mera\u0165 \u017eiviny v p\u00f4de?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ako povedali Dr. Braunger a Dr. Riul v ich pr\u00e1cu<\/a>: \"Rast\u00faci svetov\u00fd dopyt po potravin\u00e1ch bez zvy\u0161ovania produk\u010dnej plochy si vy\u017eaduje lep\u0161ie vyu\u017e\u00edvanie po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskych a pr\u00edrodn\u00fdch zdrojov, \u010do znamen\u00e1, \u017ee v\u00fdvoj lep\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1strojov pre presn\u00e9 po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo by mal zabr\u00e1ni\u0165 nadmern\u00e9mu pou\u017e\u00edvaniu pestic\u00eddov a hnoj\u00edv. V tomto kontexte s\u00fa pre hospod\u00e1renie s p\u00f4dou a produktivitu plod\u00edn pri presnom po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstve d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 vysoko podrobn\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie na charakteriz\u00e1ciu p\u00f4dy.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010co potrebujete vedie\u0165<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pri pestovan\u00ed zeleniny s\u00fa potrebn\u00e9 miner\u00e1lne \u017eiviny, ktor\u00e9 zabezpe\u010dia v\u00fdvoj plod\u00edn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Existuj\u00fa dva typy miner\u00e1lnych \u017eiv\u00edn, mikro\u017eiviny a makro\u017eiviny, pri\u010dom toto rozdelenie nes\u00favis\u00ed s v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ou alebo men\u0161ou potrebou, ale s mno\u017estvom, ktor\u00e9 plodina potrebuje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pozrite si Mind the Graph Gal\u00e9ria<\/a> pre ilustr\u00e1cie t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa p\u00f4dy. Kliknite na obr\u00e1zok ni\u017e\u0161ie!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"ilustr\u00e1cie<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Jedn\u00fdm z vysvetlen\u00ed, pre\u010do s\u00fa makro\u017eiviny potrebn\u00e9 vo vysokom mno\u017estve, je skuto\u010dnos\u0165, \u017ee maj\u00fa \u0161truktur\u00e1lnu \u00falohu, s\u00fa pr\u00edtomn\u00e9 v mal\u00fdch \u010dastiach DNA (deoxyribonukleov\u00e1 kyselina) a RNA (ribonukleov\u00e1 kyselina), pri enzymatickej aktiv\u00e1cii a fotosynt\u00e9ze.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0160es\u0165 chemick\u00fdch prvkov sa pova\u017euje za makro\u017eiviny: Dus\u00edk (N), fosfor (P), drasl\u00edk (K), v\u00e1pnik (Ca), hor\u010d\u00edk (Mg) a s\u00edra (S).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prec\u00edzne po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo znamen\u00e1 spr\u00e1vne mno\u017estvo makro\u017eiv\u00edn a mikro\u017eiv\u00edn v p\u00f4de a autori uv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa d\u00f4le\u017eitos\u0165 udr\u017eiavania zdravej p\u00f4dy. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tento pr\u00edstup k po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvu zoh\u013eadn\u00ed v\u0161etky dostupn\u00e9 \u00fadaje s cie\u013eom zlep\u0161i\u0165 efekt\u00edvnos\u0165, produktivitu a udr\u017eate\u013enos\u0165 vidieckej v\u00fdroby. Zelenina m\u00e1 r\u00f4zne potreby a p\u00f4da by jej mala poskytova\u0165 v\u0161etky \u017eiviny potrebn\u00e9 na zdrav\u00fd rast. Mno\u017estvo \u017eiv\u00edn v\u0161ak nie je na p\u00f4de vidite\u013en\u00e9 \u013eudsk\u00fdm okom, a preto je potrebn\u00e9 ho mera\u0165. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dne\u0161n\u00e1 technol\u00f3gia meria \u017eiviny v p\u00f4de zaslan\u00edm vzoriek do \u0161pecializovan\u00e9ho laborat\u00f3ria na pomal\u00fa a drah\u00fa chemick\u00fa anal\u00fdzu. Autorov elektronick\u00fd jazyk (e-tongue) je najmodernej\u0161ie zariadenie, ktor\u00e9 s\u013eubuje v kr\u00e1tkom \u010dase lok\u00e1lnu, r\u00fdchlu a lacn\u00fa anal\u00fdzu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ale \u010do je to e-jazyk a ako chut\u00ed p\u00f4da?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u013dudsk\u00e9 chu\u0165ov\u00e9 vnemy zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa chu\u0165ov\u00e9 poh\u00e1riky, ktor\u00e9 vn\u00edmaj\u00fa slan\u00fa, kysl\u00fa, hork\u00fa, sladk\u00fa a umami chu\u0165. Chu\u0165ov\u00e9 receptory v chu\u0165ov\u00fdch poh\u00e1rikoch s\u00fa zodpovedn\u00e9 za reakciu s i\u00f3nmi pr\u00edtomn\u00fdmi v potravin\u00e1ch rozpusten\u00fdch v slin\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bunky posielaj\u00fa do mozgu obrovsk\u00e9 elektrick\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie o chuti. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

E-jazyk je zariadenie napodob\u0148uj\u00face \u013eudsk\u00fd n\u00e1protivok a vo v\u0161eobecnosti sa sklad\u00e1 zo s\u00fastavy sn\u00edmac\u00edch jednotiek simuluj\u00facich chu\u0165ov\u00e9 poh\u00e1riky. Stru\u010dne povedan\u00e9, po ponoren\u00ed do kvapaliny m\u00f4\u017eu sn\u00edmacie jednotky poci\u0165ova\u0165 zmeny vonkaj\u0161ieho prostredia prostredn\u00edctvom zmien svojich elektrick\u00fdch charakterist\u00edk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zariadenie<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Na meranie p\u00f4dnej vzorky sa p\u00f4da rozpust\u00ed vo vode a prejde cez s\u00fastavu \u0161tyroch senzorov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vzorka funguje ako dielektrick\u00e9 m\u00e9dium a senzor ako paraleln\u00fd kondenz\u00e1tor. I\u00f3ny pr\u00edtomn\u00e9 vo vzorke prech\u00e1dzaj\u00face cez s\u00fastavu sn\u00edma\u010dov menia impedanciu odli\u0161ne v z\u00e1vislosti od elektrickej povahy materi\u00e1lov tvoriacich jednotliv\u00e9 sn\u00edmacie jednotky. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rozdiel v elektrickej odozve vytv\u00e1ra odtla\u010dok analyzovanej vzorky. \u00dadaje o kapacitnej impedancii sn\u00edma\u010da sa z\u00edskavaj\u00fa frekven\u010dn\u00fdm rozsahom medzi 1 Hz a 1 MHz s\u00ednusov\u00e9ho sign\u00e1lu s amplit\u00fadou 25 mV.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ak vezmeme do \u00favahy odch\u00fdlky v\u0161etk\u00fdch sn\u00edmac\u00edch jednotiek spolu a pou\u017eijeme matematick\u00e9 spracovanie, je mo\u017en\u00e9 z\u00edska\u0165 bod merania pre vzorku v 2D rovinnom grafe. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010eal\u0161ia v\u00fdzva<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Elektronick\u00fd jazyk m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 zatia\u013e kvalitat\u00edvnu odozvu a v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti je v\u00fdzvou kvantitat\u00edvne meranie mno\u017estva drasl\u00edka (napr\u00edklad) vo vzorke p\u00f4dy. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alternat\u00edvou je ma\u0165 \u0161tandardn\u00fa p\u00f4du (napr\u00edklad bohat\u00fa na drasl\u00edk) a met\u00f3da ur\u010d\u00ed, ako \u010faleko je vzorka od tohto \u0161tandardu, pri\u010dom sa odhadne mno\u017estvo drasl\u00edka vo vzorke p\u00f4dy. Existencia \u0161tandardu pre ka\u017ed\u00fa makro\u017eivinu umo\u017e\u0148uje skontrolova\u0165, \u010di je vzorka pr\u00edli\u0161 bl\u00edzko alebo pr\u00edli\u0161 \u010faleko (chudobn\u00e1, resp. bohat\u00e1) od ka\u017edej z nich.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"vedeck\u00e1<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ma\u0165 k dispoz\u00edcii reakciu e-jazyka a pozna\u0165 tak rovnov\u00e1hu \u017eiv\u00edn v p\u00f4de umo\u017e\u0148uje po\u013enohospod\u00e1rovi riadi\u0165 korekciu p\u00f4dy v\u00fdberom spr\u00e1vneho hnojiva v konkr\u00e9tnej oblasti, \u010d\u00edm sa zni\u017euje plytvanie pri slepom v\u00fdbere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cie\u013eom presn\u00e9ho po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstva je zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 mno\u017estvo odpadu a zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 produktivitu a t\u00fdmto zariaden\u00edm chc\u00fa Dr. Braunger a Dr. Raul pom\u00f4c\u0165 presn\u00e9mu po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvu pomocou zariadenia, ktor\u00e9 je lacn\u00e9, jednoduch\u00e9, r\u00fdchle a pou\u017e\u00edva sa priamo na mieste. D\u00fafame, \u017ee \u010doskoro bud\u00fa e-jazyky pom\u00e1ha\u0165 po\u013enohospod\u00e1rom v po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstve bud\u00facnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

____________<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ako Dr. Braunger a Dr. Raul pom\u00e1haj\u00fa po\u013enohospod\u00e1rom, Mind the Graph<\/a> v\u00e1m pom\u00f4\u017ee pripravi\u0165 dokument alebo prezent\u00e1ciu s mno\u017estvom kateg\u00f3ri\u00ed ilustr\u00e1ci\u00ed, v ktor\u00fdch n\u00e1jdete v\u0161etko, \u010do potrebujete.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


A sme tu pre v\u00e1s, aby sme v\u00e1m pomohli, ak budete potrebova\u0165 \u010doko\u013evek in\u00e9. prihl\u00e1ste sa do svojho konta<\/a> a po\u0161lite n\u00e1m spr\u00e1vu v sekcii \u017dIADOS\u0164 O Ikonu.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ako mera\u0165 makro\u017eiviny v p\u00f4de? Na\u0161\u0165astie nikto nemus\u00ed olizova\u0165 p\u00f4du, aby zmeral obsah \u017eiv\u00edn v nej. Vedci ako Dr. Maria L. Braunger a Dr. Antonio Riul Jr. pracuj\u00fa na elektronickom jazyku, ktor\u00fd to dok\u00e1\u017ee. Obaja v\u00fdskumn\u00edci vyv\u00edjaj\u00fa nov\u00e9 strat\u00e9gie a zariadenia na meranie \u017eiv\u00edn na [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":13099,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[554],"yoast_head":"\nMeasuring Soil Macronutrients With a Tongue - MTG<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Scientists are working on an electronic tongue or e-tongue as a new strategy to deal with macronutrients measurement on the soil.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/merjenje-podnebnih-makronutrientov-s-jezikom\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Measuring Soil Macronutrients With a Tongue\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Scientists are working on an electronic tongue or e-tongue as a new strategy to deal with macronutrients measurement on the soil.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/merjenje-podnebnih-makronutrientov-s-jezikom\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Mind the Graph Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-07-05T22:37:29+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-01-05T17:45:58+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/post-measuring-soil.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"628\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Bruna Soldera\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Measuring Soil Macronutrients With a Tongue\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:image\" content=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/post-measuring-soil-twitter.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Bruna Soldera\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Measuring Soil Macronutrients With a Tongue - 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