{"id":12236,"date":"2021-02-03T10:36:19","date_gmt":"2021-02-03T12:36:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/?p=12236"},"modified":"2023-01-05T13:50:12","modified_gmt":"2023-01-05T16:50:12","slug":"covid-19-pets","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/covid-19-pets\/","title":{"rendered":"Hroz\u00ed v\u00e1\u0161mu dom\u00e1cemu mil\u00e1\u010dikovi n\u00e1kaza COVID-19?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00c1no, bohu\u017eia\u013e, aj v\u00e1\u0161mu dom\u00e1cemu mil\u00e1\u010dikovi hroz\u00ed riziko n\u00e1kazy COVID-19. Rovnako ako my sme n\u00e1chyln\u00ed na infekciu v\u00edrusom SARS-CoV-2, s\u00fa na \u0148u n\u00e1chyln\u00e9 aj niektor\u00e9 druhy zvierat. Ke\u010f\u017ee zvierat\u00e1 maj\u00fa podobn\u00e9 \u0161truktur\u00e1lne vlastnosti povrchov\u00fdch bielkov\u00edn buniek pr\u00edtomn\u00fdch u \u013eud\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0160pecifick\u00fd pr\u00edtomn\u00fd prote\u00edn funguje ako syst\u00e9m z\u00e1mku a k\u013e\u00fa\u010da, pri\u010dom k\u013e\u00fa\u010dom je prote\u00edn v\u00edrusu zodpovedn\u00fd za infekciu COVID-19 a z\u00e1mkom je membr\u00e1nov\u00fd prote\u00edn nach\u00e1dzaj\u00faci sa na povrchu bunky. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ak k\u013e\u00fa\u010d - prote\u00edn v\u00edrusu - zapadne do z\u00e1mku - receptorov\u00e9ho prote\u00ednu hostite\u013ea - potom sa v\u00edrus m\u00f4\u017ee dosta\u0165 dovn\u00fatra a za\u010da\u0165 svoj cyklus mno\u017eenia, ktor\u00fd sp\u00f4sob\u00ed infekciu hostite\u013ea. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0160t\u00fadia uverejnen\u00e9 na PLOS Computational Biology<\/a>, pou\u017eil matematick\u00fd model na predpovedanie, ktor\u00e9 \u017eivo\u010d\u00ed\u0161ne druhy maj\u00fa potrebn\u00e9 vlastnosti hostite\u013esk\u00e9ho prote\u00ednu, ktor\u00e9 by mohli umo\u017eni\u0165 v\u00e4zbu prote\u00ednu hrotu v\u00edrusu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdskumn\u00edci zaznamenali nieko\u013eko pr\u00edpadov na celom svete, ke\u010f dom\u00e1ce zvierat\u00e1, zvierat\u00e1 na farm\u00e1ch a v zoologick\u00fdch z\u00e1hrad\u00e1ch boli pozit\u00edvne testovan\u00e9 na infekciu COVID-19. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Medzi infikovan\u00e9 druhy patria ma\u010dky, norky, levy a tigre. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0160t\u00fadie najprv uk\u00e1zali, \u017ee ma\u010dky, cibetky a fretky boli vn\u00edmav\u00e9 na SARS-CoV-2, zatia\u013e \u010do o\u0161\u00edpan\u00e9, kur\u010dat\u00e1 a ka\u010dice nie. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

V druhom momente sa objavili odli\u0161n\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky, ktor\u00e9 klasifikovali mor\u010dat\u00e1, my\u0161i a potkany ako necitliv\u00e9, zatia\u013e \u010do \u0165avy, hov\u00e4dz\u00ed dobytok, kone, ovce a kr\u00e1liky boli klasifikovan\u00e9 ako citliv\u00e9 na infekciu SARS-CoV-2.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Mali by sme si uvedomi\u0165, \u017ee v\u00edrus SARS-CoV-2 sa na \u010dloveka prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t preniesol prostredn\u00edctvom medzihostite\u013ea. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dve hlavn\u00e9 podozriv\u00e9 zvierat\u00e1 s\u00fa netopiere a pangol\u00edny. Ak o pangol\u00ednoch po\u010dujete prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t, s\u00fa to no\u010dn\u00e9 cicavce pokryt\u00e9 rohovinov\u00fdmi \u0161upinami, ktor\u00e9 \u017eij\u00fa v dut\u00fdch stromoch a nor\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tu je ilustr\u00e1cia pangol\u00edna:<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Na spustenie infekcie mus\u00ed v\u00edrus najprv naviaza\u0165 svoj prote\u00edn v\u00edrusov\u00e9ho hrotu na prote\u00edn receptora z membr\u00e1ny hostite\u013eskej bunky. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hostite\u013esk\u00fdm receptorov\u00fdm prote\u00ednom je extracelul\u00e1rna prote\u00e1zov\u00e1 dom\u00e9na angiotenz\u00edn konvertuj\u00faceho enz\u00fdmu 2, zvy\u010dajne zn\u00e1meho ako ACE2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ACE2 je jednopriechodov\u00fd transmembr\u00e1nov\u00fd prote\u00edn pr\u00edtomn\u00fd na povrchu viacer\u00fdch tkan\u00edv. ACE2 nem\u00e1 len jednu \u0161trukt\u00faru, m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 viacero \u0161trukt\u00far naprie\u010d druhmi pri zachovan\u00ed rovnakej funkcie. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

ACE2 je v skuto\u010dnosti klasifikovan\u00fd ako ortologick\u00fd g\u00e9n, t. j. g\u00e9n pr\u00edtomn\u00fd u r\u00f4znych druhov, ktor\u00fd poch\u00e1dza zo spolo\u010dn\u00e9ho predka.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Tieto \u0161truktur\u00e1lne rozdiely s\u00fa zrejme d\u00f4vodom, pre\u010do sa v\u00edrus SARS-CoV-2 m\u00f4\u017ee viaza\u0165 na ACE2 niektor\u00fdch druhov a nie in\u00fdch. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Po pripojen\u00ed v\u00edrusov\u00e9ho prote\u00ednu s hrotom k ACE2 sa v\u00edrus dostane do bunky a za\u010dne vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 hostite\u013esk\u00e9 bunkov\u00e9 mechanizmy na rozmno\u017eovanie, \u010do vedie k infekcii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lep\u0161ie pochopenie receptora ACE2 by teda ur\u010dite viedlo k presnej\u0161iemu vysvetleniu toho, pre\u010do s\u00fa niektor\u00e9 druhy zvierat n\u00e1chyln\u00e9 na infekcie, zatia\u013e \u010do in\u00e9 nie. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Okrem toho by to vedcom pomohlo aj pri v\u00fdvoji liekov, pri uplat\u0148ovan\u00ed antiv\u00edrusov\u00fdch strat\u00e9gi\u00ed, napr\u00edklad pri v\u00fdrobe falo\u0161n\u00fdch skriniek, na ktor\u00e9 by sa v\u00edrus naviazal namiesto skuto\u010dnej skrinky hostite\u013ea. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ako aj na lep\u0161ie sledovanie hostite\u013esk\u00fdch medzihostite\u013eov pre bud\u00face infekcie v\u00edrusom. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tak\u017ee charakterizova\u0165 trojrozmern\u00fa \u0161trukt\u00faru ACE2 a jeho interakcie na at\u00f3movej \u00farovni pomocou po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9ho modelovania bolo cie\u013eom Rodrigues a spolupracovn\u00edci<\/a> pr\u00e1ca. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tento typ charakteriza\u010dnej \u0161t\u00fadie je experiment\u00e1lne n\u00e1kladn\u00fd a nie je mo\u017en\u00e9 ho pou\u017ei\u0165 vo ve\u013ekom meradle, preto\u017ee je \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 z\u00edska\u0165 presved\u010div\u00e9 \u00fadaje, zatia\u013e \u010do v\u00fdpo\u010dtov\u00e9 modelovanie je r\u00fdchle a lacn\u00e9 a je ve\u013emi prospe\u0161n\u00e9 na vyplnenie niektor\u00fdch medzier v poznatkoch o \u0161trukt\u00fare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V \u0161t\u00fadii sa na anal\u00fdzu pou\u017eilo 28 druhov zvierat, pri\u010dom sa vytvoril 3D model ACE2 spojen\u00e9ho s v\u00edrusov\u00fdm prote\u00ednom hrotu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdsledky uk\u00e1zali, \u017ee v aminokyselinovej sekvencii ACE2 s\u00fa k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 miesta, kde sa v d\u00f4sledku mut\u00e1ci\u00ed v\u00edrusov\u00fd prote\u00edn nem\u00f4\u017ee viaza\u0165 na hostite\u013esk\u00fa bunku. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Konkr\u00e9tne v sekvencii ACE2 ch\u00fdba jedna aminokyselina zodpovedn\u00e1 za medzimolekul\u00e1rny so\u013en\u00fd most\u00edk pozorovan\u00fd medzi ACE2 a v\u00e4zobn\u00fdm miestom v\u00edrusov\u00e9ho prote\u00ednu, ako uv\u00e1dza Rodrigues a jeho t\u00edm. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tento v\u00fdsledok potvrdzuj\u00fa aj \u010fal\u0161ie publikovan\u00e9 \u0161t\u00fadie, ktor\u00e9 experiment\u00e1lne preuk\u00e1zali, \u017ee nedostatkom tejto mut\u00e1cie je absencia z\u00e1porne nabitej aminokyseliny, ktor\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje viazanie v\u00edrusov\u00e9ho prote\u00ednu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0160t\u00fadia tie\u017e nazna\u010duje, \u017ee infekcia v\u00edrusom SARS-CoV-2 je zlo\u017eitej\u0161ia, ako sa doteraz predpokladalo, a \u017ee hostite\u013ea mo\u017eno infikova\u0165 viacer\u00fdmi sp\u00f4sobmi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Preto je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 objasni\u0165, \u017ee zn\u00ed\u017eenie dostupnosti ACE2 m\u00f4\u017ee zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 pravdepodobnos\u0165 vzniku infekcie, ale nezabr\u00e1ni jej vzniku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A \u017ee v\u00fdpo\u010dtov\u00e9 modely nemo\u017eno pou\u017ei\u0165 len na predpovedanie rizika infekcie druhov - na z\u00edskanie spo\u013eahlivej\u0161ieho z\u00e1veru s\u00fa potrebn\u00e9 \u010fal\u0161ie experiment\u00e1lne \u00fadaje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tak\u017ee h\u00e1dam mus\u00edme pokra\u010dova\u0165 v dodr\u017eiavan\u00ed pandemick\u00fdch protokolov a robi\u0165 to, \u010do sme u\u017e robili... Pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 masky, udr\u017eiava\u0165 si \u010do najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed soci\u00e1lny odstup, nechodi\u0165 do uzavret\u00fdch a preplnen\u00fdch priestorov, pre na\u0161u bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 a najm\u00e4 pre bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 na\u0161ich milovan\u00fdch dom\u00e1cich mil\u00e1\u010dikov, n\u00e1s a na\u0161ej rodiny.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

T\u00e1to hu\u0148at\u00e1 ma\u010dka je tak\u00e1 kr\u00e1sna, v\u0161ak? T\u00fato a mnoh\u00e9 \u010fal\u0161ie ilustr\u00e1cie zvierat n\u00e1jdete na platforme Mind the Graph. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Veterin\u00e1rne<\/a>, ornitol\u00f3gia<\/a>, entomol\u00f3gia<\/a>a zool\u00f3gia<\/a> Na platforme s\u00fa k dispoz\u00edcii aj ilustr\u00e1cie, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eete pou\u017ei\u0165 vo svojej infografike. Za\u010dnite pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 Mind the Graph pr\u00e1ve teraz<\/a>!<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00c1no, bohu\u017eia\u013e, aj v\u00e1\u0161mu dom\u00e1cemu mil\u00e1\u010dikovi hroz\u00ed riziko n\u00e1kazy COVID-19. Rovnako ako my sme n\u00e1chyln\u00ed na infekciu v\u00edrusom SARS-CoV-2, s\u00fa na \u0148u n\u00e1chyln\u00e9 aj niektor\u00e9 druhy zvierat. Ke\u010f\u017ee zvierat\u00e1 maj\u00fa podobn\u00e9 \u0161truktur\u00e1lne vlastnosti povrchov\u00fdch bielkov\u00edn buniek pr\u00edtomn\u00fdch u \u013eud\u00ed. \u0160pecifick\u00fd pr\u00edtomn\u00fd prote\u00edn funguje ako syst\u00e9m z\u00e1mku a k\u013e\u00fa\u010da, pri\u010dom k\u013e\u00fa\u010dom je v\u00edrus [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":12241,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[389,647,554],"yoast_head":"\nIs Your Pet in Danger of The COVID-19? - MTG<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Do you know that pets also get affected by COVID-19? 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He has a Ph.D. and solid scientific background in Psychopharmacology and experience as a Guest Researcher at the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry (Germany) and Researcher in D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR, Brazil). Fabricio holds over 2500 citations in Google Scholar. He has 10 years of experience in small innovative businesses, with relevant experience in product design and innovation management. Connect with him on LinkedIn - Fabricio Pamplona.","sameAs":["http:\/\/mindthegraph.com","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/fabriciopamplona"],"url":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/author\/fabricio\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12236"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12236"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12236\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":26012,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12236\/revisions\/26012"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12241"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12236"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12236"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12236"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}