{"id":12225,"date":"2021-02-01T10:50:46","date_gmt":"2021-02-01T12:50:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/?p=12225"},"modified":"2023-01-05T14:44:23","modified_gmt":"2023-01-05T17:44:23","slug":"agroforestry-vs-monoculture","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/agrolesnictvo-a-monokultura\/","title":{"rendered":"\u010co je to agrolesn\u00edctvo a pre\u010do je lep\u0161ie ako monokult\u00fara"},"content":{"rendered":"

Monokult\u00fary boli hlavnou formou, ktor\u00fa po\u013enohospod\u00e1ri a po\u013enohospod\u00e1ri vyu\u017e\u00edvali na v\u00fdrobu potrav\u00edn, aby u\u017eivili neust\u00e1le rast\u00facu popul\u00e1ciu. Tento typ v\u00fdroby sp\u00f4sobil plan\u00e9te nie jeden, ale hne\u010f nieko\u013eko probl\u00e9mov. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dabytok \u017eiv\u00edn v p\u00f4de, degrad\u00e1cia p\u00f4dy a lesn\u00e9 po\u017eiare s\u00fa len niektor\u00e9 pr\u00edklady, a to v\u0161etko preto, \u017ee po\u010det obyvate\u013eov na\u0161ej plan\u00e9ty sa st\u00e1le zvy\u0161uje a ka\u017ed\u00fd de\u0148 vy\u017eaduje viac potrav\u00edn. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

V posledn\u00fdch tridsiatich rokoch bola na niektor\u00fdch miestach v Braz\u00edlii vyvinut\u00e1 nov\u00e1 met\u00f3da. Po\u013enohospod\u00e1ri (alebo farm\u00e1ri) si u\u017e nevyberaj\u00fa monokult\u00fary, ale id\u00fa inou cestou v\u00fdroby, ktor\u00e1 sa naz\u00fdva agrolesn\u00edctvo alebo syntropick\u00e9 po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ernst G\u00f6tsch je priekopn\u00edkom, ktor\u00fd pred tromi desa\u0165ro\u010diami za\u010dal s touto metodikou. Ernst je \u0161vaj\u010diarsky po\u013enohospod\u00e1rsky v\u00fdskumn\u00edk zn\u00e1my idealiz\u00e1ciou a \u0161\u00edren\u00edm agrolesn\u00edctva v severov\u00fdchodnom \u0161t\u00e1te Bahia v Braz\u00edlii a nesk\u00f4r v celej krajine. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00f6tsch sa dlh\u00e9 roky zaoberal genetick\u00fdm zlep\u0161ovan\u00edm a \u010dasom si za\u010dal kl\u00e1s\u0165 ot\u00e1zku, \u010di je skuto\u010dne opodstatnen\u00e9 geneticky modifikova\u0165 rastliny s cie\u013eom pre\u017ei\u0165 v r\u00f4znych scen\u00e1roch a prostrediach, ako sa to dnes rob\u00ed v monokult\u00farach.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Namiesto toho sa G\u00f6tsch rozhodol zlep\u0161i\u0165 rastlinn\u00fa v\u00fdrobu v bohat\u0161om prostred\u00ed. Ernst premenil jednu degradovan\u00fa oblas\u0165 s rozlohou 500 hekt\u00e1rov na produkt\u00edvny tropick\u00fd les v Bahii.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Produkcia potrav\u00edn nie je jedin\u00fdm zameran\u00edm agrolesn\u00edckej met\u00f3dy, je to aj ve\u013emi u\u017eito\u010dn\u00fd n\u00e1stroj na obnovu degradovan\u00fdch oblast\u00ed s cie\u013eom vr\u00e1ti\u0165 p\u00f4de jej produk\u010dn\u00e9 schopnosti. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Met\u00f3da sa vyzna\u010duje organiz\u00e1ciou, integr\u00e1ciou, rovnov\u00e1hou a zachovan\u00edm energie prostredia, \u010do umo\u017e\u0148uje ekosyst\u00e9mu fungova\u0165 v prirodzenej konfigur\u00e1cii. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

V praxi sa rastliny pestuj\u00fa vo forme lesa, zmie\u0161an\u00e9 s r\u00f4znymi ve\u013ekos\u0165ami a vlastnos\u0165ami ved\u013ea seba. V\u010faka tak\u00e9muto usporiadaniu ekosyst\u00e9m za\u010dne \u017ei\u0165 a r\u00e1s\u0165 synergicky, pri\u010dom si navz\u00e1jom vymie\u0148aj\u00fa \u017eiviny, vodu a chr\u00e1nia sa pred n\u00e1kazami. V\u00fdsledkom je premena mal\u00e9ho ekosyst\u00e9mu na ve\u013ek\u00fd les, v ktorom je v\u0161etko prepojen\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Bez po\u013enohospod\u00e1rov nie je jedlo, po\u013enohospod\u00e1rske povolanie nie je podporovan\u00e9 \u0161kolami, dokonca ani v rodine, preto\u017ee je to \u0165a\u017ek\u00fd \u017eivot, p\u00f4da r\u00fdchlo degraduje pri sp\u00f4sobe po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstva, ka\u017ed\u00fd rok je to hor\u0161ie. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ale na mieste, kde sa situ\u00e1cia ka\u017ed\u00fdm rokom zlep\u0161uje, vznik\u00e1 ak\u00e1si \u0161pir\u00e1la rastu,\" hovor\u00ed Marsha Hanzi a porovn\u00e1va monokult\u00faru a agrolesn\u00edctvo. Marsha je Severoameri\u010danka, ktor\u00e1 \u017eije v meste Mariz\u00e1 v braz\u00edlskom \u0161t\u00e1te Bahia. Je zodpovedn\u00e1 za farmu s n\u00e1zvom Epicentro<\/a>, oblas\u0165, ktor\u00fa spolu so svojimi spolupracovn\u00edkmi \u00faspe\u0161ne obnovila pomocou agrolesn\u00edctva. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Po\u013enohospod\u00e1rska p\u00f4da sa zmenila z pieso\u010dnatej na bohat\u00fa a ve\u013emi \u00farodn\u00fa p\u00f4du, \u010do dokazuje, \u017ee po\u013enohospod\u00e1ri a po\u013enohospod\u00e1ri by mali venova\u0165 viac pozornosti agrolesn\u00edctvu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V monokult\u00fare sa p\u00f4da znehodnocuje a str\u00e1ca \u017eiviny po\u010das zberu \u00farody, okrem toho sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa pestic\u00eddy a chemick\u00e9 hnojiv\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 tie\u017e ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa kvalitu p\u00f4dy, ktor\u00e1 je v d\u00f4sledku toho slab\u00e1 a \u0165a\u017eko sa obnovuje ka\u017ed\u00fa sez\u00f3nu.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Na druhej strane, agrolesn\u00edctvo nepou\u017e\u00edva pestic\u00eddy ani in\u00e9 chemik\u00e1lie, \u010do m\u00e1 opa\u010dn\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinok ako monokult\u00fary, p\u00f4da sa pri ka\u017edej novej \u00farode nesmierne obohacuje v\u010faka dostupnosti zvy\u0161nej organickej hmoty - zvy\u0161uje mno\u017estvo uhl\u00edka pr\u00edtomn\u00e9ho na povrchu p\u00f4dy, v rastlin\u00e1ch, a t\u00fdm aj v \u017eivotnom prostred\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fdmto sp\u00f4sobom vznik\u00e1 kolobeh vody, ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje ekosyst\u00e9mu vybudova\u0165 si sebesta\u010dn\u00fa produkciu vody namiesto toho, aby ju len spotreb\u00faval. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

To v\u0161etko zvy\u0161uje biodiverzitu, v p\u00f4de sa zachov\u00e1va viac \u017eiv\u00edn, men\u00ed sa mikrokl\u00edma a zvy\u0161uje sa relat\u00edvna vlhkos\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hlavn\u00e9 ciele agrolesn\u00edctva s\u00fa: vytvori\u0165 viac \u017eivota, v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu \u00farodnos\u0165 p\u00f4dy a prostredie, ktor\u00e9 sa prirodzene rozv\u00edja.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010eal\u0161ie pozit\u00edvne d\u00f4vody na zavedenie agrolesn\u00edctva s\u00fa:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

- Zn\u00ed\u017eenie n\u00e1kladov na v\u00fdsadbu a \u00fadr\u017ebu<\/p>\n\n\n\n

- Zv\u00fd\u0161enie pr\u00edjmu rodiny po\u013enohospod\u00e1ra<\/p>\n\n\n\n

- Zlep\u0161enie kvality potrav\u00edn,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

- Zn\u00ed\u017eenie er\u00f3zie p\u00f4dy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

a ako u\u017e bolo povedan\u00e9,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

- Obnova znehodnoten\u00fdch oblast\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Henrique Souza, braz\u00edlsky agrolesn\u00edk, Ernstov priate\u013e, v braz\u00edlskom \u0161t\u00e1te Bahia, je majite\u013eom \u010fal\u0161ieho \u00faspe\u0161n\u00e9ho pr\u00edkladu agrolesn\u00edckej farmy.<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

V dokument\u00e1rnom filme s n\u00e1zvom Kniha o pr\u00edrode<\/a> vysvet\u013euje, \u017ee \"syntrofick\u00e9 po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo je opakom entropie, ktor\u00e1 \u010dasom p\u00f4du vy\u010derp\u00e1va, vypr\u00e1zd\u0148uje \u017eiviny, a v syntrofickom syst\u00e9me, \u010d\u00edm viac na nej pracujete, rozv\u00edjate sa a vz\u0165ahujete sa k t\u00fdmto zdrojom, tieto zdroje rast\u00fa a zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161uj\u00fa sa vo v\u0161etk\u00fdch aspektoch\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Je na\u010dase za\u010da\u0165 uplat\u0148ova\u0165 alternat\u00edvne sp\u00f4soby \u017eivota, ktor\u00e9 nesp\u00f4sobuj\u00fa \u0161kodu a nezne\u010dis\u0165uj\u00fa na\u0161u plan\u00e9tu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Monokult\u00fara nie je dlhodobo udr\u017eate\u013enou mo\u017enos\u0165ou v\u00fdroby, spotreb\u00fava mno\u017estvo p\u00f4dnych zdrojov bez toho, aby ich vr\u00e1tila sp\u00e4\u0165, a zanech\u00e1va po sebe zl\u00e9 \u017eivotn\u00e9 prostredie. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Preto agrolesn\u00edctvo obohacuje nielen p\u00f4du, ale aj cel\u00fd ekosyst\u00e9m a okrem toho pom\u00e1ha chudobn\u00fdm prostrediam obnovi\u0165 sa a sta\u0165 sa op\u00e4\u0165 produkt\u00edvnymi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Agrolesn\u00edctvo, tento nov\u00fd pr\u00edstup - metodika in\u0161pirovan\u00e1 pr\u00edrodou - m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdm krokom na zn\u00ed\u017eenie probl\u00e9mov, ako s\u00fa klimatick\u00e9 zmeny, degrad\u00e1cia p\u00f4dy a transg\u00e9nne plodiny, a m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 pozit\u00edvnej\u0161\u00ed vplyv v celosvetovom meradle. Ka\u017ed\u00fd de\u0148 je d\u0148om zmeny. Za\u010dnime teda teraz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pomocou n\u00e1strojov platformy Mind the Graph m\u00f4\u017eete vytvori\u0165 ak\u00fako\u013evek infografiku, ktor\u00e1 v\u00e1s napadne. Z vedcov rob\u00edme dizajn\u00e9rov, aby sme zv\u00fd\u0161ili ich vplyv.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vy, vedec pracuj\u00faci s botanika<\/a>, v\u00fd\u017eiva<\/a>, entomol\u00f3gia<\/a>, alebo vedy o Zemi<\/a>, platforma m\u00e1 pripraven\u00e9 ilustr\u00e1cie, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eete pou\u017ei\u0165 vo svojej pr\u00e1ci. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u010faka kr\u00e1snym presn\u00fdm ilustr\u00e1ci\u00e1m m\u00f4\u017eete zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 \u00fa\u010dinok svojho dokumentu alebo prezent\u00e1cie a zlep\u0161i\u0165 svoju pr\u00e1cu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ak e\u0161te nie ste pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eom, m\u00f4\u017eete za\u010da\u0165 bezplatn\u00fa sk\u00fa\u0161obn\u00fa verziu pr\u00e1ve teraz<\/a>! Pridajte sa k n\u00e1m v Mind the Graph.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Monokult\u00fary boli hlavnou formou, ktor\u00fa po\u013enohospod\u00e1ri a po\u013enohospod\u00e1ri vyu\u017e\u00edvali na v\u00fdrobu potrav\u00edn, aby u\u017eivili neust\u00e1le rast\u00facu popul\u00e1ciu. Tento typ v\u00fdroby sp\u00f4sobil plan\u00e9te nie jeden, ale hne\u010f nieko\u013eko probl\u00e9mov. Strata \u017eiv\u00edn v p\u00f4de, degrad\u00e1cia p\u00f4dy a lesn\u00e9 po\u017eiare s\u00fa len niektor\u00e9 pr\u00edklady, a to v\u0161etko preto, \u017ee po\u010det obyvate\u013eov na\u0161ej plan\u00e9ty neust\u00e1le rastie.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":12230,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[66,959,958],"tags":[824,51,825,554],"yoast_head":"\nWhat is Agroforestry and Why It is Better Than Monoculture - MTG<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"People often compare agroforestry and monoculture. 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In this blog, we have discussed what is agroforestry and why it is better than monoculture.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/agrolesnictvo-a-monokultura\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Mind the Graph Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-02-01T12:50:46+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-01-05T17:44:23+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/what-is-agroforestry-and-why-it-is-better-than-monoculture.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1123\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"612\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Fabricio Pamplona\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Fabricio Pamplona\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"What is Agroforestry and Why It is Better Than Monoculture - MTG","description":"People often compare agroforestry and monoculture. 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He has a Ph.D. and solid scientific background in Psychopharmacology and experience as a Guest Researcher at the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry (Germany) and Researcher in D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR, Brazil). Fabricio holds over 2500 citations in Google Scholar. He has 10 years of experience in small innovative businesses, with relevant experience in product design and innovation management. Connect with him on LinkedIn - Fabricio Pamplona.","sameAs":["http:\/\/mindthegraph.com","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/fabriciopamplona"],"url":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/author\/fabricio\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12225"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12225"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12225\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":26039,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12225\/revisions\/26039"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12230"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12225"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12225"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12225"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}