{"id":12121,"date":"2021-01-11T11:05:53","date_gmt":"2021-01-11T13:05:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/?p=12121"},"modified":"2023-01-05T14:52:03","modified_gmt":"2023-01-05T17:52:03","slug":"cause-of-alzheimers-disease","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/pricina-alzheimerovej-choroby\/","title":{"rendered":"Nov\u00e1 te\u00f3ria sa sna\u017e\u00ed vysvetli\u0165 pr\u00ed\u010dinu Alzheimerovej choroby"},"content":{"rendered":"

Viac ako polovica pr\u00edpadov demencie sa v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti klasifikuje ako Alzheimerova choroba - chronick\u00e9 neurodegenerat\u00edvne ochorenie, ktor\u00e9 postupne ovplyv\u0148uje pozn\u00e1vacie schopnosti a pam\u00e4\u0165 \u010dloveka. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doteraz sa predpokladalo, \u017ee je sp\u00f4soben\u00e1 genetick\u00fdmi faktormi a faktormi starnutia, zloduchom a hlavn\u00fdm vinn\u00edkom choroby sa pripisuj\u00fa seniln\u00e9 plaky a neurofibril\u00e1rne spleti, ktor\u00e9 ved\u00fa k neuroz\u00e1palu a n\u00e1sledne k smrti neur\u00f3nov. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nov\u00e1 te\u00f3ria o pr\u00ed\u010din\u00e1ch Alzheimerovej choroby v\u0161ak vrh\u00e1 svetlo na oblohu lek\u00e1rskeho v\u00fdskumu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Te\u00f3ria hovor\u00ed, \u017ee genetika a starnutie nie s\u00fa jedin\u00fdmi faktormi zodpovedn\u00fdmi za tvorbu amyloidn\u00fdch zhlukov - prote\u00ednu, ktor\u00fd sa hromad\u00ed medzi neur\u00f3nmi a sp\u00f4sobuje Alzheimerovu chorobu - ale m\u00f4\u017ee to by\u0165 aj sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165acia reakcia na infekciu mikr\u00f3bmi.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pozrime sa bli\u017e\u0161ie na neurologick\u00fa \u0161k\u00e1lu, aby sme pochopili cel\u00fd obraz toho, \u010do sa deje v mozgu s Alzheimerovou chorobou. Doch\u00e1dza k dvom hlavn\u00fdm javom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prote\u00edn naz\u00fdvan\u00fd tau je zodpovedn\u00fd za udr\u017eiavanie stability t\u00fdm, \u017ee poskytuje oporu mikrotubulom vo vn\u00fatri neur\u00f3nov. V mozgu, ktor\u00fd trp\u00ed t\u00fdmto ochoren\u00edm, je tau biochemicky modifikovan\u00fd reakciou naz\u00fdvanou hyperfosforyl\u00e1tov\u00e1 reakcia. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdsledkom tejto zmeny s\u00fa nerozpustn\u00e9 prote\u00edny vo vn\u00fatri neur\u00f3nu, ktor\u00e9 rozkladaj\u00fa cel\u00fd syst\u00e9m a zab\u00edjaj\u00fa bunky neur\u00f3nu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tieto nerozpustn\u00e9 \u010dasti tau prote\u00ednov sa navz\u00e1jom agreguj\u00fa a vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa neurofibril\u00e1rne spleti.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Str\u00e1nka seniln\u00e9 plaky<\/strong> s\u00fa vyroben\u00e9 z peptidy amyloidu-\u03b2<\/strong>. Prote\u00edn pr\u00edtomn\u00fd v membr\u00e1nach neur\u00f3nov (pre-amyloid) podlieha \u0161tiepeniu, ktor\u00e9ho v\u00fdsledkom s\u00fa vo\u013en\u00e9 \u010dasti amyloidu-\u03b2 mimo neur\u00f3nov*. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tieto k\u00fasky by mali by\u0165 z vonkaj\u0161ieho prostredia neur\u00f3nov vy\u010disten\u00e9 \u0161peci\u00e1lnymi bunkami a enz\u00fdmami prostredn\u00edctvom fagocyt\u00f3zy, ale kv\u00f4li genetick\u00fdm faktorom alebo faktorom starnutia tento proces neprebieha dostato\u010dne \u00fa\u010dinne, \u010do vedie k vzniku vo\u013en\u00fdch k\u00faskov nerozpustn\u00fdch prote\u00ednov amyloidu-\u03b2, ktor\u00e9 sa za\u010dn\u00fa agregova\u0165 do plakov.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Amyloidn\u00e9 plaky s\u00fa naj\u010dastej\u0161ie sk\u00famanou a diskutovanou pr\u00ed\u010dinou Alzheimerovej choroby. Vedci v\u0161ak tie\u017e potvrdzuj\u00fa, \u017ee neurofibril\u00e1rne spleti s\u00fa priamo spojen\u00e9 s progresiou ochorenia.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Vedci na\u0161li zhluky amyloidu aj v zdrav\u00fdch mozgoch. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee v zdravom starom mozgu sa proces \u010distenia tie\u017e st\u00e1va menej \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdm, ale nie v takej miere ako v mozgu s Alzheimerovou chorobou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Preto je pre Alzheimerovu chorobu charakteristick\u00e9 ve\u013ek\u00e9 mno\u017estvo t\u00fdchto seniln\u00fdch plakov a neurofibril\u00e1rnych splet\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 sa st\u00e1vaj\u00fa pre mozog mimoriadne toxick\u00fdmi a menia \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 a kvalitu synapsi\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

U postihnut\u00fdch os\u00f4b sa prejavuj\u00fa pr\u00edznaky ako strata pam\u00e4ti, zm\u00e4tenos\u0165 v s\u00favislosti s \u010dasom a miestom, depresia, \u00fazkos\u0165, jazykov\u00e9 a komunika\u010dn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my, nestabilita n\u00e1lady a in\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V novej navrhovanej te\u00f3rii<\/strong>, amyloidn\u00e9 plaky s\u00fa mechanizmom ochrany mozgu pred infekciou mikroorganizmami. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00e9n amyloid-\u03b2 je pr\u00edtomn\u00fd u ve\u013ekej \u010dasti stavovcov a zachoval sa u r\u00f4znych druhov po nieko\u013eko gener\u00e1ci\u00ed, \u010do znamen\u00e1, \u017ee by mal ma\u0165 pre n\u00e1\u0161 organizmus u\u017eito\u010dn\u00fa a d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa \u00falohu a nemal by p\u00f4sobi\u0165 len ako nie\u010do \u0161kodliv\u00e9 - ak by to nebolo nie\u010do platn\u00e9 alebo prospe\u0161n\u00e9, g\u00e9n by u\u017e d\u00e1vno zanikol evolu\u010dnou cestou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vedci vyh\u013eadali tis\u00edce posmrtn\u00fdch mozgov \u013eud\u00ed s Alzheimerovou chorobou. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aj ke\u010f sa pri anal\u00fdze t\u00fdchto typov mozgu stretli s \u0165a\u017ekos\u0165ami kv\u00f4li zl\u00fdm podmienkam, podarilo sa im presk\u00fama\u0165 a zhroma\u017edi\u0165 inform\u00e1cie, aby nesk\u00f4r mohli navrhn\u00fa\u0165 nieko\u013eko mo\u017en\u00fdch sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165a\u010dov mikr\u00f3bov. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tieto sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165a\u010de s\u00fa obrann\u00fdmi mechanizmami proti niektor\u00fdm typom \u013eudsk\u00fdch herpetick\u00fdch v\u00edrusov, ako s\u00fa herpesv\u00edrusy 1, 6A a 7, a trom bakt\u00e9ri\u00e1m, Chlam\u00fddiov\u00e1 pneum\u00f3nia<\/em>, Borrelia burgdorferi<\/em>, Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Te\u00f3ria hovor\u00ed, \u017ee beta-amyloid m\u00e1 p\u00f4vodne obrann\u00fa funkciu, zachyt\u00e1va mikr\u00f3by pohybuj\u00face sa smerom k mozgu a zastavuje mo\u017en\u00fa infekciu alebo ochorenie. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ako u\u017e bolo spomenut\u00e9, v d\u00f4sledku faktorov starnutia mozog str\u00e1ca schopnos\u0165 \u00fa\u010dinne \u010disti\u0165 amyloidy. Predstava o funkcii amyloidu teda m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 po cel\u00fd \u010das myln\u00e1; pravdepodobne sa podie\u013ea na ur\u010ditom type antimikrobi\u00e1lnej ochrany pred mozgov\u00fdmi votrelcami, pri\u010dom je klasifikovan\u00fd ako antimikrobi\u00e1lny peptid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vedci z\u00edskali pozit\u00edvne v\u00fdsledky, ke\u010f sa sna\u017eili dok\u00e1za\u0165, \u017ee \u03b2-amyloid by mohol zab\u00edja\u0165 mikroorganizmy z nieko\u013ek\u00fdch be\u017en\u00fdch chor\u00f4b. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Okrem toho \u010fal\u0161ia \u0161t\u00fadia, ktor\u00e1 sa za\u010dala v roku 2007 a m\u00e1 sa skon\u010di\u0165 v roku 2022 na Kolumbijskej univerzite v New Yorku, testuje antiv\u00edrusov\u00fd liek u pacientov s h<\/s>erpes simplex v\u00edrusu 1 a miernej Alzheimerovej choroby, aby sa zistilo, \u010di liek dok\u00e1\u017ee spomali\u0165 progresiu ochorenia. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zatia\u013e m\u00f4\u017eeme len d\u00fafa\u0165 v to najlep\u0161ie a \u010daka\u0165 na v\u00fdsledky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e1to nov\u00e1 navrhovan\u00e1 te\u00f3ria st\u00e1le nie je prijat\u00e1 celou vedeckou komunitou. Mnoh\u00ed vedci tvrdia, \u017ee aj ke\u010f sa t\u00e1to nov\u00e1 navrhovan\u00e1 te\u00f3ria potvrd\u00ed, hlavnou pr\u00ed\u010dinou ochorenia bud\u00fa st\u00e1le genetick\u00e9 faktory a zl\u00e9 mut\u00e1cie. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alzheimerova choroba je ochorenie, o ktor\u00e9ho skuto\u010dn\u00fdch pr\u00ed\u010din\u00e1ch m\u00e1 vedec len ve\u013emi m\u00e1lo poznatkov; neexistuje \u017eiadny liek a ani ve\u013ea terapeutick\u00fdch mo\u017enost\u00ed lie\u010dby. Ak sa t\u00e1to te\u00f3ria uk\u00e1\u017ee ako pravdiv\u00e1, mohol by to by\u0165 prv\u00fd krok smerom k lep\u0161ej lie\u010dbe. Do toho, veda!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Odkazy<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

ABBOTT, A. S\u00fa infekcie zdrojom niektor\u00fdch pr\u00edpadov Alzheimerovej choroby? Pr\u00edroda<\/strong>, ro\u010d. 587, \u010d. 7832, s. 22-25, 4. novembra 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

CEC\u00cd, K. et al. Biomarkery pri Alzheimerovej chorobe. Geriatria, gerontol\u00f3gia a starnutie<\/strong>, ro\u010d. 6, \u010d. 3, s. 273-282, 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MAKIN, S. Amyloidov\u00e1 hypot\u00e9za na sk\u00fa\u0161ke. Pr\u00edroda<\/strong>, ro\u010d. 559, \u010d. 7715, s. S4-S7, 25. j\u00fal 2018.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

YOO, K.-Y.; PARK, S.-Y. Terpenoidy ako potenci\u00e1lne terapeutik\u00e1 proti Alzheimerovej chorobe. Molekuly<\/strong>, ro\u010d. 17, \u010d. 3, s. 3524-3538, mar. 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___
Ak potrebujete vytvori\u0165 infografiku na vedeck\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely - ako ja - v Mind the Graph m\u00f4\u017eete vytvori\u0165 ak\u00fdko\u013evek druh infografiky, ktor\u00fa potrebujete a chcete. Platforma je tu na to, aby sa z vedcov stali dizajn\u00e9ri, ktor\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161ia svoj vplyv! Pridajte sa k n\u00e1m na platforme, kliknite sem<\/a>!<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Viac ako polovica pr\u00edpadov demencie sa v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti klasifikuje ako Alzheimerova choroba - chronick\u00e9 neurodegenerat\u00edvne ochorenie, ktor\u00e9 postupne ovplyv\u0148uje pozn\u00e1vacie schopnosti a pam\u00e4\u0165 \u010dloveka. Doteraz sa predpokladalo, \u017ee je sp\u00f4soben\u00e1 genetick\u00fdmi faktormi a faktormi starnutia, zloduchom a hlavn\u00fdm vinn\u00edkom ochorenia sa pripisuj\u00fa [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":12125,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[213,554,964,136],"yoast_head":"\nNew Theory Tries to Explain The Cause of Alzheimer\u2019s<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Read this blog that discusses a new theory that tries to explain the cause of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Know what scientists and researchers have found.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/cauza-bolii-alzheimer\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"New Theory Tries to Explain The Cause of Alzheimer\u2019s\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Read this blog that discusses a new theory that tries to explain the cause of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Know what scientists and researchers have found.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/cauza-bolii-alzheimer\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Mind the Graph Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-01-11T13:05:53+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-01-05T17:52:03+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/new-theory-tries-to-explain-the-cause-of-alzheimers-disease.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1110\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"600\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Fabricio Pamplona\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Fabricio Pamplona\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"New Theory Tries to Explain The Cause of Alzheimer\u2019s","description":"Read this blog that discusses a new theory that tries to explain the cause of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. 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He has a Ph.D. and solid scientific background in Psychopharmacology and experience as a Guest Researcher at the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry (Germany) and Researcher in D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR, Brazil). Fabricio holds over 2500 citations in Google Scholar. He has 10 years of experience in small innovative businesses, with relevant experience in product design and innovation management. 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