{"id":11803,"date":"2020-10-28T09:30:35","date_gmt":"2020-10-28T11:30:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/?p=11803"},"modified":"2022-10-18T08:09:32","modified_gmt":"2022-10-18T11:09:32","slug":"rt-pcr-test-for-coronavirus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/rt-pcr-test-for-coronavirus\/","title":{"rendered":"Test RT-PCR na koronav\u00edrus"},"content":{"rendered":"

Z mnoh\u00fdch vec\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 ste po\u010duli o COVID-19 v roku 2020, je uprostred toho v\u0161etk\u00e9ho jedna vec, a to test pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd na zistenie, \u010di je niekto nakazen\u00fd v\u00edrusom, zn\u00e1my test RT-PCR alebo len PCR.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ur\u010dite ste u\u017e o tomto teste po\u010duli od lek\u00e1ra alebo v spr\u00e1vach. PCR test sa pou\u017e\u00edva na zistenie pr\u00edtomnosti (alebo nepr\u00edtomnosti) v\u00edrusu v tele \u010dloveka.<\/span><\/p>\n

RT-PCR test nie je jedin\u00fd, ktor\u00fd dok\u00e1\u017ee odhali\u0165 v\u00edrus, ale v porovnan\u00ed s ostatn\u00fdmi met\u00f3dami je najpresnej\u0161\u00ed a najspo\u013eahlivej\u0161\u00ed. \u010eal\u0161\u00edm testom je konven\u010dn\u00fd s\u00e9rologick\u00fd test, ktor\u00fd zis\u0165uje \u0161pecifick\u00e9 hladiny protil\u00e1tok vo vzork\u00e1ch krvi.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u00edsmen\u00e1 v RT-PCR znamenaj\u00fa <\/span>Reverzn\u00e1 transkripcia polymer\u00e1zovej re\u0165azovej reakcie<\/b>, vedci ho u\u017e desa\u0165ro\u010dia pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa na v\u00fdrobu viacer\u00fdch k\u00f3pi\u00ed genetick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu.<\/span><\/p>\n

In\u00fdmi slovami, v tomto pr\u00edpade je viac genetick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu SARS-CoV-2, ktor\u00fd sa pou\u017e\u00edva ako odtla\u010dok prsta na potvrdenie pr\u00edtomnosti v\u00edrusu vo vzork\u00e1ch z nosa, u\u0161\u00ed alebo sl\u00edn odobrat\u00fdch pacientom. Ak s\u00fa vo vzorke ukryt\u00e9 nejak\u00e9 v\u00edrusy aj v malom mno\u017estve, dok\u00e1\u017ee ich odhali\u0165 v\u010faka svojmu kop\u00edrovaciemu cyklu. Preto je test RT-PCR tak\u00fd spo\u013eahliv\u00fd.<\/span><\/p>\n

Test<\/b> je met\u00f3da, ktor\u00e1 m\u00e1 v podstate dva kroky v r\u00e1mci teplotn\u00e9ho cyklu, pri ktorom sa vykon\u00e1va proces kop\u00edrovania a vkladania \u010dasti genetick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu, \u010di u\u017e DNA alebo RNA.<\/span><\/p>\n

Test si vy\u017eaduje <\/span>termocykl\u00e9r<\/b> ktor\u00fd m\u00e1 presn\u00fd <\/span>regul\u00e1cia teploty a \u010dasu<\/b>. V priebehu viacer\u00fdch teplotn\u00fdch cyklov sa genetick\u00fd materi\u00e1l v\u00edrusu zv\u00fd\u0161i. Pr\u00edklad teplotn\u00e9ho cyklu je uveden\u00fd na \u010fal\u0161om obr\u00e1zku.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Met\u00f3da si vy\u017eaduje dva hlavn\u00e9 enz\u00fdmy, reverzn\u00fa transkript\u00e1zu (preto je v n\u00e1zve \"RT\") a DNA-polymer\u00e1zu. Ka\u017ed\u00fd z nich m\u00e1 svoju f\u00e1zu p\u00f4sobenia a funkciu. Na obr\u00e1zku vy\u0161\u0161ie je \u017elt\u00e1 f\u00e1za cyklu, ke\u010f p\u00f4sob\u00ed RT, a \u010derven\u00e1 f\u00e1za, ke\u010f DNA-polymer\u00e1za vykon\u00e1va svoju pr\u00e1cu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Prv\u00fd enz\u00fdm vytvor\u00ed komplement\u00e1rne vl\u00e1kno DNA z RNA v\u00edrusu, \u010d\u00edm umo\u017en\u00ed druh\u00e9mu enz\u00fdmu vykona\u0165 kop\u00edrovanie z nov\u00e9ho, pr\u00e1ve vytvoren\u00e9ho vl\u00e1kna DNA, \u010d\u00edm sa zv\u00fd\u0161i mno\u017estvo pr\u00edtomn\u00e9ho genetick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu. T\u00e1to amplifik\u00e1cia umo\u017e\u0148uje charakterizova\u0165 a\/alebo manipulova\u0165 s genetick\u00fdm materi\u00e1lom, ke\u010f v men\u0161om mno\u017estve by to nebolo mo\u017en\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Aby v\u0161etky tieto procesy prebehli, enz\u00fdmy potrebuj\u00fa pomoc malej (alebo ve\u013ekej) molekuly naz\u00fdvanej PRIMER. \u00dalohou primeru je ozna\u010di\u0165 miesto, kde m\u00e1 enz\u00fdm za\u010da\u0165 predl\u017eova\u0165 vl\u00e1kna, bez neho sa proces kop\u00edrovania a vkladania DNA-polymer\u00e1zy neza\u010dne.<\/span><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1kladn\u00fd n\u00e1ter je mo\u017en\u00e9 zvoli\u0165 v n\u00e1hodnom alebo \u0161pecifickom tvare. V tak\u00fdchto pr\u00edpadoch je ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 pozna\u0165 genetick\u00fa mapu v\u00edrusu, aby sa mohli pou\u017ei\u0165 \u0161pecifick\u00e9 primery na zv\u00fd\u0161enie \u00fa\u010dinnosti a spo\u013eahlivosti v\u00fdsledkov.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ak ste rovnako ako my zvedav\u00ed a chcete sa dozvedie\u0165 viac inform\u00e1ci\u00ed o RT-PCR, m\u00f4\u017eete si pozrie\u0165 \u010fal\u0161ie podrobnosti\u00a0<\/span> tento vedeck\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nok <\/span>priamo tu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0 ale v podstate tu n\u00e1jdete v\u0161etko, \u010do je potrebn\u00e9 na vykonanie testu:<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00edrusov\u00fd genetick\u00fd materi\u00e1l, RNA<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Enz\u00fdmy reverznej transkript\u00e1zy a DNA-polymer\u00e1zy<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

PRIMERS<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Nukleozidov\u00e9 trifosf\u00e1ty<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

A fluorescen\u010dn\u00e9 report\u00e9rov\u00e9 farbiv\u00e1:\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Na zistenie v\u00fdsledkov vzorky, ktor\u00e1 m\u00f4\u017ee alebo nemus\u00ed by\u0165 kontaminovan\u00e1 v\u00edrusom COVID-19, sa v kombin\u00e1cii s testom RT-PCR pou\u017e\u00edva test fluorescen\u010dn\u00fdch report\u00e9rov\u00fdch farb\u00edv. Test je zalo\u017een\u00fd na pr\u00edtomnosti alebo nepr\u00edtomnosti fluorescen\u010dn\u00e9ho sign\u00e1lu vzorky. V pr\u00edpade nepr\u00edtomnosti sign\u00e1lu sa test m\u00f4\u017ee pova\u017eova\u0165 za negat\u00edvny alebo falo\u0161ne negat\u00edvny. V pr\u00edpade pr\u00edtomnosti intenz\u00edvneho sign\u00e1lu sa m\u00f4\u017ee uzavrie\u0165 nielen ako pozit\u00edvny na pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 v\u00edrusu, ale aj ako pokro\u010dil\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1dium ochorenia.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zmie\u0161ajte v\u0161etky pr\u00edsady a vlo\u017ete ich do termocyklu.\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Prv\u00fd krok testu je zn\u00e1zornen\u00fd na nasleduj\u00facej infografike. Enz\u00fdm RT vytvor\u00ed prv\u00fa k\u00f3piu genetick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu v\u00edrusu pr\u00edtomn\u00e9ho vo vzorke. Nasleduje druh\u00fd krok met\u00f3dy RT-PCR. Primer ozna\u010d\u00ed po\u010diato\u010dn\u00fa poz\u00edciu a DNA-polymer\u00e1za prostredn\u00edctvom enzymatickej reakcie za\u010dne predl\u017eova\u0165 vl\u00e1kna DNA.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Test<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Nakoniec, tento obr\u00e1zok je elektr\u00f3nov\u00fdm mikrografom v\u00edrusu SARS-CoV-2 a je na \u0148om dokonale vidie\u0165 \u0161trukt\u00faru v\u00edrusu. Nie je to n\u00e1dhera?\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Test je zlo\u017eit\u00fd a nie je tak\u00fd jednoduch\u00fd, ako sa zd\u00e1, ale stav\u00edm sa, \u017ee s infografikou bolo ove\u013ea jednoduch\u0161ie pochopi\u0165 celkov\u00fd obraz toho, ako to funguje, \u017ee?<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u00f4\u017eete to urobi\u0165 s \u013eubovo\u013en\u00fdmi vedeck\u00fdmi inform\u00e1ciami pomocou\u00a0<\/span> Mind the Graph<\/span><\/a>. T\u00e1to platforma je tu preto, aby v\u00e1m poskytla auton\u00f3miu pri lep\u0161ej komunik\u00e1cii vedeck\u00fdch inform\u00e1ci\u00ed. Zistite viac o tom, ako pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 platformu, a ak potrebujete pomoc, kontaktujte n\u00e1s<\/span>!<\/b><\/p>\n

Odkaz<\/b><\/p>\n

AI, T. et al. Korel\u00e1cia CT hrudn\u00edka a RT-PCR testovania na koronav\u00edrusov\u00fa chorobu 2019 (COVID-19) v \u010c\u00edne: A Report of 1014 Cases (Spr\u00e1va o 1014 pr\u00edpadoch). Radiology, ro\u010d. 296, \u010d. 2, s. E32-E40, 26. feb. 2020.<\/span><\/p>\n

GIBELLINI, D. a kol. Kvantitat\u00edvna detekcia v\u00edrusu \u013eudskej imunodeficiencie typu 1 (HIV-1) pomocou techniky SYBR green RT-PCR v re\u00e1lnom \u010dase u HIV-1 s\u00e9ropozit\u00edvnych pacientov. Journal of Virological Methods, ro\u010d. 115, \u010d. 2, s. 183-189, 1. febr. 2004.<\/span><\/p>\n

JAMES, D. Jednoduch\u00fd a spo\u013eahliv\u00fd protokol na detekciu v\u00edrusu ryhovania stoniek jablon\u00ed pomocou RT-PCR a multiplexnej PCR anal\u00fdzy. Journal of Virological Methods, ro\u010d. 83, \u010d. 1, s. 1-9, 1 dez. 1999.<\/span><\/p>\n

LI, Y. et al. Ot\u00e1zky stability RT-PCR testovania SARS-CoV-2 u hospitalizovan\u00fdch pacientov s klinickou diagn\u00f3zou COVID-19. Journal of Medical Virology, ro\u010d. 92, \u010d. 7, s. 903-908, 2020.<\/span><\/p>\n

LIAO, C.-S. et al. Miniat\u00farny syst\u00e9m RT-PCR na diagnostiku v\u00edrusov na b\u00e1ze RNA. Nucleic Acids Research, ro\u010d. 33, \u010d. 18, s. e156-e156, 1. vyd. 2005.<\/span><\/p>\n

MOHAN, A. et al. Prevalencia v\u00edrusovej infekcie zistenej pomocou PCR a RT-PCR u pacientov s ak\u00fatnou exacerb\u00e1ciou CHOCHP: systematick\u00fd preh\u013ead. Respirology, ro\u010d. 15, \u010d. 3, s. 536-542, 2010.<\/span><\/p>\n

NOLAN, T.; HANDS, R. E.; BUSTIN, S. A. Kvantifik\u00e1cia mRNA pomocou RT-PCR v re\u00e1lnom \u010dase. Nature Protocols, ro\u010d. 1, \u010d. 3, s. 1559-1582, pred. 2006.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nov\u00fd koronav\u00edrus SARS-CoV-2 | Tento prenosov\u00fd elektr\u00f3nov\u00fd mi... | Flickr. Dispon\u00edvel em: . Acesso em: 23 jul. 2020. <\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":11847,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[388,799,554,798,250],"yoast_head":"\nThe RT-PCR Test for Coronavirus - Mind the Graph Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Read this blog to know everything related to the popular COVID-19 test, RT-PCR or only PCR. You will get in-depth information about this test of Coronavirus.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/rt-pcr-test-for-coronavirus\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The RT-PCR Test for Coronavirus - Mind the Graph Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Read this blog to know everything related to the popular COVID-19 test, RT-PCR or only PCR. You will get in-depth information about this test of Coronavirus.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/rt-pcr-test-for-coronavirus\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Mind the Graph Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-10-28T11:30:35+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-10-18T11:09:32+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/the-rt-pcr-test-for-coronavirus-2.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1110\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"600\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Fabricio Pamplona\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Fabricio Pamplona\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"The RT-PCR Test for Coronavirus - Mind the Graph Blog","description":"Read this blog to know everything related to the popular COVID-19 test, RT-PCR or only PCR. You will get in-depth information about this test of Coronavirus.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/rt-pcr-test-for-coronavirus\/","og_locale":"sk_SK","og_type":"article","og_title":"The RT-PCR Test for Coronavirus - Mind the Graph Blog","og_description":"Read this blog to know everything related to the popular COVID-19 test, RT-PCR or only PCR. You will get in-depth information about this test of Coronavirus.","og_url":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/rt-pcr-test-for-coronavirus\/","og_site_name":"Mind the Graph Blog","article_published_time":"2020-10-28T11:30:35+00:00","article_modified_time":"2022-10-18T11:09:32+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1110,"height":600,"url":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/the-rt-pcr-test-for-coronavirus-2.png","type":"image\/png"}],"author":"Fabricio Pamplona","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Fabricio Pamplona","Est. reading time":"5 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/tr\/rt-pcr-test-for-coronavirus\/","url":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/tr\/rt-pcr-test-for-coronavirus\/","name":"The RT-PCR Test for Coronavirus - Mind the Graph Blog","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/#website"},"datePublished":"2020-10-28T11:30:35+00:00","dateModified":"2022-10-18T11:09:32+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/c8eaee6d8007ac319523c3ddc98cedd3"},"description":"Read this blog to know everything related to the popular COVID-19 test, RT-PCR or only PCR. You will get in-depth information about this test of Coronavirus.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/tr\/rt-pcr-test-for-coronavirus\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"sk-SK","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/tr\/rt-pcr-test-for-coronavirus\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/tr\/rt-pcr-test-for-coronavirus\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"The RT-PCR Test for Coronavirus"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/#website","url":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/","name":"Mind the Graph Blog","description":"Your science can be beautiful!","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"sk-SK"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/c8eaee6d8007ac319523c3ddc98cedd3","name":"Fabricio Pamplona","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"sk-SK","@id":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/da6985d9f20ecb24f3238df103a638ac?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/da6985d9f20ecb24f3238df103a638ac?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Fabricio Pamplona"},"description":"Fabricio Pamplona is the founder of Mind the Graph - a tool used by over 400K users in 60 countries. He has a Ph.D. and solid scientific background in Psychopharmacology and experience as a Guest Researcher at the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry (Germany) and Researcher in D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR, Brazil). Fabricio holds over 2500 citations in Google Scholar. He has 10 years of experience in small innovative businesses, with relevant experience in product design and innovation management. Connect with him on LinkedIn - Fabricio Pamplona.","sameAs":["http:\/\/mindthegraph.com","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/fabriciopamplona"],"url":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/author\/fabricio\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11803"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11803"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11803\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11850,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11803\/revisions\/11850"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11847"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11803"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11803"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11803"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}