{"id":11793,"date":"2020-10-15T05:06:00","date_gmt":"2020-10-15T08:06:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/?p=11793"},"modified":"2022-11-21T09:55:34","modified_gmt":"2022-11-21T12:55:34","slug":"nobel-prize-2020-for-medicine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/sk\/nobelova-cena-2020-za-medicinu\/","title":{"rendered":"Nobelova cena za medic\u00ednu 2020 - objav, diagnostika a lie\u010dba hepatit\u00eddy C"},"content":{"rendered":"

V r\u00e1mci jednej z najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161\u00edch svetov\u00fdch vedeck\u00fdch udalost\u00ed roka, ktor\u00e1 sa konala 5. okt\u00f3bra 2020 v \u0160tokholme, bola Nobelova cena za fyziol\u00f3giu alebo medic\u00ednu udelen\u00e1 skupine virol\u00f3gov a biochemikov za objav v\u00edrusu hepatit\u00eddy C. Harvey Alter, Michael Houghton a Charles Rice z\u00edskali Nobelovu cenu spolo\u010dne za objavenie p\u00f4vodcu a n\u00e1jdenie cesty k vylie\u010deniu tohto ochorenia. \u010clenovia Nobelovho zhroma\u017edenia v Karolinskom in\u0161tit\u00fate sa nemohli zdr\u017ea\u0165 slov, \u017ee tento objav je n\u00e1dejou na vykorenenie krvou pren\u00e1\u0161anej hepatit\u00eddy zo sveta.<\/span><\/p>\n

V r\u00e1mci jednej z najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161\u00edch svetov\u00fdch vedeck\u00fdch udalost\u00ed roka, ktor\u00e1 sa konala 5. okt\u00f3bra 2020 v \u0160tokholme, bola Nobelova cena za fyziol\u00f3giu alebo medic\u00ednu udelen\u00e1 skupine virol\u00f3gov a biochemikov za objav v\u00edrusu hepatit\u00eddy C. Harvey Alter, Michael Houghton a Charles Rice z\u00edskali Nobelovu cenu spolo\u010dne za objavenie p\u00f4vodcu a n\u00e1jdenie cesty k vylie\u010deniu tohto ochorenia. \u010clenovia Nobelovho zhroma\u017edenia v Karolinskom in\u0161tit\u00fate sa nemohli zdr\u017ea\u0165 slov, \u017ee tento objav je n\u00e1dejou na vykorenenie krvou pren\u00e1\u0161anej hepatit\u00eddy zo sveta.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u010co je hepatit\u00edda?<\/b><\/h2>\n

Slovo hepatit\u00edda poch\u00e1dza z gr\u00e9ckeho slova \"Hepar\", ktor\u00e9 ozna\u010duje pe\u010de\u0148. Hepatit\u00edda je zdravotn\u00fd stav, pri ktorom je pe\u010de\u0148 jedinca zap\u00e1len\u00e1 bu\u010f v d\u00f4sledku intoxik\u00e1cie, alebo v\u00edrusovej infekcie. Ochorenie hepatit\u00eddy je charakterizovan\u00e9 \u017elta\u010dkou, cirh\u00f3zou, hor\u00fa\u010dkou a zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161en\u00edm pe\u010dene. Spomedzi infek\u010dn\u00fdch agensov zodpovedn\u00fdch za hepatit\u00eddu sa v\u00edrus hepatit\u00eddy A pren\u00e1\u0161a kontaminovanou vodou, zatia\u013e \u010do v\u00edrusy B a C sa pren\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa krvou a telesn\u00fdmi tekutinami.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ako sa to zistilo?<\/b><\/h2>\n

Po objaven\u00ed hepatit\u00eddy B Alter a jeho t\u00edm pozorovali nieko\u013eko nevysvetlite\u013en\u00fdch infekci\u00ed pe\u010dene a chronick\u00fa hepatit\u00eddu po transf\u00fazii krvi. Vo svojich \u010fal\u0161\u00edch \u0161t\u00fadi\u00e1ch dok\u00e1zali dve hlavn\u00e9 skuto\u010dnosti, po prv\u00e9, nezn\u00e1my infek\u010dn\u00fd agens mohol prenies\u0165 ochorenie na \u0161impanza a po druh\u00e9, infek\u010dn\u00fd agens mal charakteristiku v\u00edrusu, ale nie ako hepatit\u00edda A alebo B. Alterov pr\u00edspevok do oblasti virol\u00f3gie posl\u00fa\u017eil ako svetlo v temnej b\u00farkovej noci pr\u00edpadov infekcie pe\u010dene. Napriek tomu nebol v\u00edrus identifikovan\u00fd, nebol charakterizovan\u00fd \u017eiadnou \u010de\u013ea\u010fou v\u00edrusov a nebol klasifikovan\u00fd.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pr\u00edspevky na identifik\u00e1ciu a sp\u00f4sob eradik\u00e1cie<\/b><\/h2>\n

Vzh\u013eadom na vysok\u00fa chorobnos\u0165 a \u00famrtnos\u0165 sa v\u00fdskumn\u00edci v priebehu rokov usilovali identifikova\u0165 p\u00f4vodcu \"nezn\u00e1mej\" hepatit\u00eddy, ako je v\u00edrus, a charakterizova\u0165 ho. Po vysk\u00fa\u0161an\u00ed v\u0161etk\u00fdch tradi\u010dn\u00fdch techn\u00edk a ne\u00faspechu sa im v\u010faka inovat\u00edvnemu pr\u00edstupu Houghtona v spolo\u010dnosti Chiron pharmaceuticals podarilo identifikova\u0165 a klonova\u0165 fragmenty DNA zodpovedn\u00e9 za tvorbu v\u00edrusov\u00e9ho prote\u00ednu. Po d\u00f4kladnej pr\u00edprave kni\u017enice DNA a h\u013eadan\u00ed klonu sa Houghtonovi a jeho t\u00edmu nakoniec podarilo identifikova\u0165 podobnos\u0165 s \u010de\u013ea\u010fou Flaviviridae a pomenovali ho v\u00edrus hepatit\u00eddy C. Ich v\u00fdskum poskytol aj testovac\u00ed postup na identifik\u00e1ciu p\u00f4vodcu pomocou identifikovan\u00fdch protil\u00e1tok.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Kone\u010dn\u00fd d\u00f4kaz, \u017ee hepatit\u00edda C m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 jedin\u00fdm zodpovedn\u00fdm \u010dinite\u013eom sp\u00f4sobuj\u00facim infekciu pe\u010dene, bol v\u00fdsledkom rozsiahleho v\u00fdskumu Riceovej univerzity vo Washingtone v St. Pomocou technol\u00f3gie rekombinantnej DNA Rice a jeho t\u00edm vytvorili genomick\u00fa vari\u00e1ciu v\u00edrusu hepatit\u00eddy C, ktor\u00e1 nemala inaktivuj\u00face sekvencie, a aplikovali ju prim\u00e1tom. V\u00fdsledky uk\u00e1zali, \u017ee varianty m\u00f4\u017eu vies\u0165 k chronick\u00e9mu ochoreniu pe\u010dene a odr\u00e1\u017eaj\u00fa v\u0161etky patologick\u00e9 zmeny. V\u010faka v\u0161etk\u00fdm novo identifikovan\u00fdm sekvenci\u00e1m a inaktivuj\u00facim oblastiam dali n\u00e1dej na vytvorenie vhodn\u00e9ho terapeutick\u00e9ho prostriedku proti v\u00edrusu hepatit\u00eddy C.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vplyv objavu<\/b><\/h2>\n

Svet sa stal vojnov\u00fdm frontom s pand\u00e9miou COVID-19. V\u010faka objavu antiv\u00edrusov\u00fdch liekov, objavom v oblasti diagnostiky a identifik\u00e1cie hepatit\u00eddy C a s\u00favisiacim \u00faspechom ide o pozoruhodn\u00e9 kroky v oblasti virol\u00f3gie a medic\u00edny. Svetov\u00e1 zdravotn\u00edcka organiz\u00e1cia si stanovila cie\u013e eradikova\u0165 v\u00edrus hepatit\u00eddy C do desiatich rokov. Tieto objavy s\u00fa odrazov\u00fdm most\u00edkom k tomuto cie\u013eu. Je v\u0161ak potrebn\u00e9 prekona\u0165 e\u0161te mnoh\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy a vakc\u00ednu e\u0161te len treba vytvori\u0165, ale pri\u0161iel l\u00fa\u010d n\u00e1deje v podobe detek\u010dn\u00fdch a lie\u010debn\u00fdch re\u017eimov na boj proti tejto chorobe.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00edm Mind the Graph blaho\u017eel\u00e1 trojici vedcov, univerzit\u00e1m a ich skupin\u00e1m k dosiahnut\u00fdm \u00faspechom! Desa\u0165ro\u010dia v\u00fdskumu a tvrdej pr\u00e1ce poskytli \u013eudstvu nov\u00fa cestu na porazenie smrte\u013en\u00e9ho v\u00edrusov\u00e9ho ochorenia.<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":11817,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[554],"yoast_head":"\nNobel Prize in Medicine 2020 - Diagnosis and Cure of Hepatitis C<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The recent findings in Hepatitis C have been acclaimed for the Nobel Prize in 2020 in Chemistry. 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