{"id":19837,"date":"2022-09-15T11:59:00","date_gmt":"2022-09-15T14:59:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/?p=19837"},"modified":"2023-03-20T09:54:50","modified_gmt":"2023-03-20T12:54:50","slug":"cutaneous-and-acral-melanoma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/ro\/melanom-cutanat-si-acral\/","title":{"rendered":"Revizuirea cercet\u0103rii: Melanomul cutanat \u0219i acral"},"content":{"rendered":"

De zeci de ani, unele popula\u021bii au raportat o cre\u0219tere a inciden\u021bei melanomului la nivel mondial. Neoplasmul melanocitelor din piele, mucoase sau uvee este cunoscut sub numele de melanom. \u00cen ciuda reprezent\u0103rii sale 5% \u00een toate tumorile maligne cutanate, este responsabil pentru mai mult de 75% din toate decesele cauzate de cancerul de piele.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

De\u0219i asocierea pozitiv\u0103 dintre expunerea la UV \u0219i dezvoltarea melanomului este bine cunoscut\u0103, mecanismele epigenetice care stau la baza acesteia sunt \u00een mare parte neexplorate \u00een \u021besuturile de melanom uman. Acest articol va discuta despre driverul de prognostic al cancerului legat de patobiologie \u0219i de expunerea la ultraviolete, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu perspectivele autorului cu privire la subiectul men\u021bionat mai sus. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Scopul studiului<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Utiliz\u00e2nd dou\u0103 cohorte independente de pacien\u021bi cu melanom cutanat, ei \u00ee\u0219i propun s\u0103 descopere \u0219i s\u0103 valideze modific\u0103rile de metilare la nivelul \u00eentregului genom legate de muta\u021biile UV. Un obiectiv cheie este de a investiga poten\u021bialul de diagnosticare al metilomilor ADN fa\u021b\u0103 de transcriptomi \u0219i al metilomilor-transcriptomilor integra\u021bi pentru a face distinc\u021bia \u00eentre melanoamele cutanate cu muta\u021bii UV \u0219i cele f\u0103r\u0103 muta\u021bii UV. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Utiliz\u00e2nd o abordare integrativ\u0103 OMIC, variantele nucleotidice mici (SNV) \u0219i variantele num\u0103rului de copii (CNV) ale genelor metilate diferen\u021bial prioritizate sunt evaluate pentru poten\u021bialul de driver de cancer. Aceast\u0103 cercetare este sus\u021binut\u0103 de o alta care examineaz\u0103 dac\u0103 metilomii ADN pot distinge diferen\u021bele patologice \u0219i legate de UV \u00eentre variantele proeminente de melanom care sunt asociate cu expunerea la lumina UV (melanom cutanat) \u0219i cele care nu sunt asociate (melanom acral). Diagrama din lucrare arat\u0103 care sunt obiectivul \u0219i procesul studiului. Reprezentarea grafic\u0103 a fost creat\u0103 cu ajutorul Mind the Graph<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Lu\u00e2nd \u00een considerare studiul \u00een detaliu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen biospecimentele clinice, radia\u021biile UV (UV) au fost asociate cu melanomul cutanat, dar mecanismele epigenetice care stau la baza acestor mecanisme nu au fost \u00eenc\u0103 determinate. O cohort\u0103 multietnic\u0103 de 112 celule de melanom cutanat a fost inclus\u0103 \u00een acest studiu pentru profilarea clinic\u0103, epigenomului (metilomul ADN), genomului \u0219i transcriptomului. \u00cen acest studiu, ei identific\u0103 modific\u0103rile induse de UV \u00een c\u0103ile imunologice \u0219i de reglementare care pot fi factori de cancer \u00een cadrul multi-OMIC-urilor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 faptul c\u0103 este gena cea mai implicat\u0103 \u00een mod critic, TAPBP (gena Tap binding protein) este implicat\u0103 \u00een mod critic \u00een func\u021bia imunitar\u0103, cu mai multe situsuri de metilare alterate de UV care au fost validate prin secven\u021biere \u021bintit\u0103, oferind oportunit\u0103\u021bi aplicabile clinic. MHC-I interac\u021bioneaz\u0103 cu transportatorul asociat cu procesarea antigenului prin intermediul TAPBP, un membru al superfamiliei imunoglobulinelor. Un num\u0103r de cancere au prezentat o downreglementare a proteinei TAPBP (tapasin), care este restabilit\u0103 dup\u0103 expunerea la citokine.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Acest lucru sugereaz\u0103 c\u0103 expresia deficitar\u0103 a TAPBP ar putea fi cauzat\u0103 mai degrab\u0103 de o dereglare dec\u00e2t de modific\u0103ri structurale. Cercet\u0103torii au descoperit c\u0103 nivelurile de metilare a ADN-ului TAPBP sunt semnificativ invers legate de transcrip\u021bie \u0219i c\u0103 aceasta din urm\u0103 este modificat\u0103 ca urmare a expunerii la UV mai degrab\u0103 dec\u00e2t a identit\u0103\u021bii patologice a melanomului. Nu s-a constatat c\u0103 nici melanoamele cutanate \u0219i nici cele acrale care nu sunt mutante la UV nu au fost metilate diferen\u021biat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen afar\u0103 de descoperirile axate pe TAPBP, au descoperit c\u0103 muta\u021biile UV sunt asociate cu o serie de modific\u0103ri epigenetice care afecteaz\u0103 metilomul melanomului cutanat. Rezultatele indic\u0103 faptul c\u0103 este posibil ca melanoamele cutanate, indiferent dac\u0103 sunt mutante UV sau nemutante UV, s\u0103 trebuiasc\u0103 s\u0103 fie clasificate separat, chiar dac\u0103 se crede c\u0103 au aceea\u0219i origine patologic\u0103\/celular\u0103. Acest lucru se datoreaz\u0103 faptului c\u0103 peisajul epigenomic din care provin poate con\u021bine at\u00e2t markeri ai expunerii, c\u00e2t \u0219i ai liniei celulare. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen cadrul acestui studiu, au fost aplicate mai multe tehnologii puternice la probele de melanom cutanat \u0219i acral, inclusiv WGS, WES, secven\u021bierea ARN \u0219i profilarea metilomului ADN, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu instrumente bioinformatice de ultim\u0103 genera\u021bie. Cercet\u0103torii au utilizat date disponibile public \u0219i le-au completat cu noi seturi de date, care au inclus dimensiuni mai mari ale e\u0219antioanelor, o acoperire genomic\u0103 mai larg\u0103, evalu\u0103ri fenotipice cuprinz\u0103toare, mostre de \u021besut congelat bine conservate \u0219i evaluarea melanomului \u00een afar\u0103 de cel cutanat \u0219i a altor etnii dec\u00e2t cea european\u0103. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aceast\u0103 activitate a dus la urm\u0103toarele rezultate<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

(1) Descoperirea biomarkerilor care pot fi utiliza\u021bi pentru a stratifica riscul de cancer;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(2) \u00cembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea clasific\u0103rii tipurilor de melanom \u00een cadrul acestora \u0219i \u00eentre ele; <\/p>\n\n\n\n

(3) Identificarea factorilor moleculari care ar putea fi responsabili pentru melanomagenez\u0103, care pot fi \u021bintite \u00een terapie; <\/p>\n\n\n\n

(4) Cre\u0219terea cuno\u0219tin\u021belor despre patologia melanomului pentru a reduce disparit\u0103\u021bile \u00een r\u00e2ndul popula\u021biei.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Acest studiu ofer\u0103 o foaie de parcurs pentru investiga\u021bii similare gene-mediu \u00een alte tipuri de melanom \u0219i acoper\u0103 at\u00e2t melanoamele comune, c\u00e2t \u0219i cele mai pu\u021bin frecvente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un mod mai eficient de a comunica informa\u021bii \u0219tiin\u021bifice exacte<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Aceast\u0103 lucrare de cercetare este foarte interesant\u0103 \u0219i u\u0219or de \u00een\u021beles, mai ales datorit\u0103 ilustra\u021biilor grafice frumoase. Graficele au fost create cu ajutorul aplica\u021biei Mind the Graph<\/a> instrument. O ilustra\u021bie grafic\u0103 poate fi benefic\u0103 pentru cititor \u00een mai multe moduri. Pute\u021bi \u00eencerca s\u0103 v\u0103 ridica\u021bi nivelul de cercetare \u00eenregistr\u00e2ndu-v\u0103 gratuit la Mind the Graph \u0219i \u00eencerc\u00e2nd prima dumneavoastr\u0103 figur\u0103 \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103.

Nu uita\u021bi s\u0103 consulta\u021bi articolul nostru \"Ilustra\u021bie \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103: Cheia c\u0103tre o lume a \u0219tiin\u021bei vizuale<\/a>“. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Crea\u021bi figuri \u0219tiin\u021bifice eficiente \u00een c\u00e2teva minute<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Acest articol va discuta despre factorii de prognostic al cancerului lega\u021bi de patologie \u0219i de expunerea la ultraviolete, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu opiniile autorului.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":27204,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[956],"tags":[937,96,554,775],"yoast_head":"\nResearch Review: Cutaneous and Acral Melanoma<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"This article will discuss the prognostic cancer driver related to pathobiology and ultraviolet exposure along with the author's insights.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/ro\/melanom-cutanat-si-acral\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" 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