{"id":12993,"date":"2021-06-15T14:39:46","date_gmt":"2021-06-15T17:39:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/?p=12993"},"modified":"2022-10-18T08:35:12","modified_gmt":"2022-10-18T11:35:12","slug":"sirius-world-brightest-synchrotron-light","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/ro\/sirius-world-brightest-synchrotron-light\/","title":{"rendered":"SIRIUS: Cea mai str\u0103lucitoare stea din Brazilia"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Fotografie<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Numit dup\u0103 cea mai str\u0103lucitoare stea de pe cerul nop\u021bii, Sirius<\/a> este una dintre primele surse de lumin\u0103 sincrotronic\u0103 de genera\u021bia a patra din lume \u0219i este situat\u0103 \u00een ora\u0219ul Campinas din statul S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazilia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cel mai complex \u0219i cel mai mare echipament construit vreodat\u0103 \u00een \u021bar\u0103, Sirius, va permite oamenilor de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 s\u0103 dezvolte cercet\u0103ri de frontier\u0103. Sunt a\u0219teptate descoperiri revolu\u021bionare \u00een diferite domenii precum energia, mediul \u00eenconjur\u0103tor, s\u0103n\u0103tatea \u0219i altele. Sirius este proiectat s\u0103 aib\u0103 - la fel ca steaua - cea mai puternic\u0103 lumin\u0103 dintre toate echipamentele de acest tip. \u0218i este gata s\u0103 fie folosit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sirius este plasat \u00een cadrul unei institu\u021bii mari \u0219i private, numit\u0103 Centrul brazilian de cercetare \u00een domeniul energiei \u0219i materialelor (CNPEM), care se afl\u0103 sub supravegherea Ministerului brazilian al \u0218tiin\u021bei, Tehnologiei \u0219i Inova\u021biilor (MCTI).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Institu\u021bia conduce alte patru laboratoare na\u021bionale. Fiind o institu\u021bie non-profit axat\u0103 pe cercetare \u0219i dezvoltare, CNPEM are rolul de a sprijini inovarea \u00een diferite domenii, cum ar fi materialele, s\u0103n\u0103tatea, alimenta\u021bia, mediul, energia \u0219i multe altele. CNPEM este capabil\u0103 s\u0103 integreze cuno\u0219tin\u021bele \u0219tiin\u021bifice \u0219i tehnologice din toate laboratoarele na\u021bionale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Func\u021bion\u00e2nd ca un microscop (uria\u0219), Sirius acoper\u0103 o mare parte din spectrul electromagnetic, lumina sa merge de la undele infraro\u0219ii p\u00e2n\u0103 la cele ultraviolete \u0219i include \u0219i razele X. Echipat cu toate acestea, Sirius va putea dezv\u0103lui multe caracteristici ale materialelor, la nivel molecular \u0219i atomic, \u0219i chiar s\u0103 examineze structurile electronice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Acest lucru permite o cercetare multidisciplinar\u0103 care va r\u0103spunde la \u00eentreb\u0103ri academice \u0219i industriale. Pentru a produce lumin\u0103 sincrotronic\u0103, particulele \u00eenc\u0103rcate - cum ar fi electronii - sunt accelerate cu o vitez\u0103 apropiat\u0103 de cea a luminii pe un traseu controlat de c\u00e2mpuri magnetice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen prezent, \u00een lume exist\u0103 mai mult de un echipament analog lui Sirius, cum ar fi European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), situat \u00een Fran\u021ba. Iar \u00eenainte de Sirius, institu\u021bia CNPEM a utilizat un alt echipament similar, prima surs\u0103 de lumin\u0103 sincrotronic\u0103 brazilian\u0103 - cunoscut\u0103 sub numele de UVX -.  <\/strong> mult mai mici dec\u00e2t Sirius, cu o fiabilitate \u0219i o stabilitate ridicate. Cu toate acestea, c\u00e2nd Sirius a fost terminat, echipamentul a fost oprit. De-a lungul anilor, oamenii de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 au avut nevoie de mai multe informa\u021bii dec\u00e2t putea oferi UVX, ating\u00e2nd limitele sale de spa\u021biu fizic \u0219i capacit\u0103\u021bi tehnice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00centr-o cronologie, prima discu\u021bie despre proiectul Sirius a avut loc \u00een 2003, c\u00e2nd proiectul a \u00eenceput s\u0103 prind\u0103 contur. Construc\u021bia instala\u021biei a \u00eenceput \u00een 2015, iar \u00een 2018 a fost \u00een sf\u00e2r\u0219it inaugurat\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

De\u0219i cl\u0103direa a fost finalizat\u0103, urm\u0103toarea etap\u0103 de a pune toate echipamentele \u00een\u0103untru <\/a>era abia la \u00eenceput.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Spre deosebire de UVX, care nu putea analiza materialele dec\u00e2t la niveluri superficiale, energia generat\u0103 de Sirius este capabil\u0103 s\u0103 p\u0103trund\u0103 \u00een materiale dure \u0219i solide cu o ad\u00e2ncime de c\u00e2\u021biva centimetri.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"A fost ca \u0219i cum am fi f\u0103cut o fotografie \u00een lumin\u0103 slab\u0103 - spune Antonio Jos\u00e9 Roque da Silva, fizician, director al CNPEM \u0219i SIRIUS, \u00eentr-o declara\u021bie despre UVX. \"Sirius are mai mult\u0103 intensitate luminoas\u0103 \u0219i, din acest motiv, va capta \u00eentr-un mod mai rapid, ca un film \u00een loc de o fotografie\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sirius va avea de dou\u0103 ori mai mult\u0103 energie \u0219i o emisie de 360 de ori mai mic\u0103, ceea ce va duce la frecven\u021be diferite de lumin\u0103 de un miliard de ori mai str\u0103lucitoare dec\u00e2t UVX.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen ceea ce prive\u0219te modul \u00een care func\u021bioneaz\u0103 echipamentul, aceasta este structura de baz\u0103 Sirius:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Structura de baz\u0103 a sursei de lumin\u0103 sincrotronic\u0103 const\u0103, \u00een esen\u021b\u0103, din dou\u0103 seturi majore de acceleratoare de particule, respectiv Sistem de injec\u021bie<\/strong> \u0219i Inel de depozitare<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sistemul de injec\u021bie include acceleratorul liniar, sau Linac, \u0219i sincrotronul cu injector, sau Booster.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cempreun\u0103, ambele au rolul de a produce fasciculul de electroni \u0219i \u00eel accelereaz\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd acesta atinge nivelul de energie necesar pentru a func\u021biona \u00een inelul de stocare. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen plus, sunt incluse dou\u0103 linii de transport, una care transfer\u0103 fasciculul de electroni de la Linac la Booster \u0219i cealalt\u0103 de la Booster la inelul de stocare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Linac-ul produce un impuls de curent \u00een mod pulsat, mai exact, de dou\u0103 impulsuri pe secund\u0103, iar apoi impulsul de curent produs este injectat \u00een Booster. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Odat\u0103 ajuns \u00een Booster, fasciculele de electroni sunt accelerate p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd ating nivelul de energie necesar pentru a fi injectate \u00een inelul de stocare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La r\u00e2ndul s\u0103u, inelul de stocare, care este acceleratorul principal, responsabil pentru sus\u021binerea fasciculului de electroni stocat pentru perioade lungi de timp, este locul \u00een care se produce \u00een final lumina sincrotronic\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen plus, pentru a controla traseul fasciculului de electroni, se va folosi o combina\u021bie de diferi\u021bi magne\u021bi care produc un c\u00e2mp magnetic - sau o re\u021bea magnetic\u0103 - pentru a men\u021bine focalizarea \u0219i a corecta traseul fasciculului de electroni. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen cele din urm\u0103, lumina sincrotronic\u0103 va fi disponibil\u0103 \u00een sta\u021bii experimentale amplasate \u00een jurul inelului de stocare, numite Beamlines - aici oamenii de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i vor plasa probele de materiale \u0219i vor produce date pentru a le studia \u00een continuare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Harta<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Imaginea de mai sus - disponibil\u0103 pe site-ul CNPEM - prezint\u0103 o ilustra\u021bie a SIRIUS, \u00een care inelul de stocare reprezentat de cercul albastru are o circumferin\u021b\u0103 de aproximativ 518 metri, \u00een timp ce Booster-ul afi\u0219at \u00een portocaliu are aproximativ 496 de metri.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Linac, pe de alt\u0103 parte, are dimensiuni mult mai mici, cu doar 32 de metri, reprezentate de linia roz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Astfel, aceste surse de lumin\u0103 sincrotronic\u0103 de genera\u021bia a patra vor ajuta oamenii de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 s\u0103 aprofundeze - la propriu - cercet\u0103rile, ob\u021bin\u00e2nd spa\u021biu \u0219i instrumente mai bune pentru a analiza subiecte complexe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

De exemplu, o analiz\u0103 mai avansat\u0103 a solului va spori cuno\u0219tin\u021bele despre dezvoltarea \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103mintelor, ceea ce va duce la producerea de produse agricole mai pu\u021bin toxice, \u00een beneficiul s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii umane \u0219i al mediului.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

De asemenea, Sirius va permite oamenilor de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 s\u0103 dezvolte noi materiale datorit\u0103 unui studiu mai complet al structurilor nanoparticulelor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

La 21 octombrie 2020, prima linie de fascicul Sirius, numit\u0103 Manac\u00e1, a fost deschis\u0103 pentru cercetare. Aceast\u0103 linie este destinat\u0103 s\u0103 se concentreze pe macromolecule, studiind proteinele \u0219i interac\u021biunile acestora cu medicamentele.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen viitor, alte cinci linii de fascicule vor fi deschise pentru utilizare, numite Carna\u00faba, Cateret\u00ea, Ema, Ip\u00ea \u0219i Mogno. Fiecare dintre ele se va concentra pe un anumit tip de analiz\u0103. \u00cen prezent, aceste beamlines se afl\u0103 \u00eentr-un stadiu avansat de instalare, iar p\u00e2n\u0103 la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul anului 2021, unele ar trebui s\u0103 fie finalizate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen total, structura Sirius va avea 14 posturi de lucru. Proiectul complet include alte \u0219apte linii de fascicule, care se a\u0219teapt\u0103 s\u0103 fie deschise \u00een 2021. Cu toate acestea, num\u0103rul de linii de fascicule poate fi extins treptat, ajung\u00e2nd p\u00e2n\u0103 la 40 de sta\u021bii experimentale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vede\u021bi un videoclip despre construc\u021bia Sirius aici<\/a>, cu m\u0103rturii \u0219i explica\u021bii direct de la inginerii implica\u021bi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0218i, de asemenea, pute\u021bi vizita Site-ul oficial al CNPEM<\/a> care con\u021bine toate informa\u021biile despre proiectul SIRIUS<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen cele din urm\u0103, Sirius are a\u0219tept\u0103ri nu numai pentru oamenii de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 brazilieni, ci \u0219i pentru oamenii de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 din \u00eentreaga lume. Hai, \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen plus, \u0219tia\u021bi c\u0103 pute\u021bi \u00eenc\u0103rca o imagine de pe computer \u0219i o pute\u021bi folosi \u00een infograficul dumneavoastr\u0103? Da, po\u021bi! <\/p>\n\n\n\n

A\u0219a am f\u0103cut infograficul din acest articol! Foarte tare, nu-i a\u0219a?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Deci, s\u0103 mergem la Mind the Graph<\/a>, \u0219i \u00eencepe\u021bi noua crea\u021bie<\/a>!<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Numit dup\u0103 cea mai str\u0103lucitoare stea de pe cerul nop\u021bii, Sirius este una dintre primele surse de lumin\u0103 sincrotronic\u0103 de genera\u021bia a patra din lume \u0219i este situat \u00een ora\u0219ul Campinas din statul S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazilia. Cel mai complex \u0219i cel mai mare echipament construit vreodat\u0103 \u00een \u021bar\u0103, Sirius, va permite oamenilor de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 s\u0103 dezvolte cercet\u0103ri de frontier\u0103. [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":12995,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[66,959,958,28],"tags":[51,554,964,775],"yoast_head":"\nSIRIUS: The World's Brightest Synchrotron Light<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Named after the brightest star in the night sky, Sirius is one of the first fourth-generation synchrotron light sources in the world.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/ro\/sirius-world-brightest-synchrotron-light\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"SIRIUS: The World's Brightest Synchrotron Light\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Named after the brightest star in the night sky, Sirius is one of the first fourth-generation synchrotron light sources in the world.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/ro\/sirius-world-brightest-synchrotron-light\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Mind the Graph Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-06-15T17:39:46+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-10-18T11:35:12+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/post-sirius-facebook.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"628\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Bruna Soldera\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"SIRIUS: The World's Brightest Synchrotron Light\" \/>\n<meta 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