{"id":12225,"date":"2021-02-01T10:50:46","date_gmt":"2021-02-01T12:50:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/?p=12225"},"modified":"2023-01-05T14:44:23","modified_gmt":"2023-01-05T17:44:23","slug":"agroforestry-vs-monoculture","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/ro\/agrosilvicultura-vs-monocultura\/","title":{"rendered":"Ce este agrosilvicultura \u0219i de ce este mai bun\u0103 dec\u00e2t monocultura"},"content":{"rendered":"

Monocultura a fost principala form\u0103 folosit\u0103 de fermieri \u0219i agricultori pentru a produce alimente pentru a hr\u0103ni o popula\u021bie \u00een continu\u0103 cre\u0219tere. Acest tip de produc\u021bie a cauzat nu una, ci mai multe probleme pentru planet\u0103. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pierderea nutrien\u021bilor din sol, degradarea solului \u0219i incendiile de p\u0103dure sunt c\u00e2teva exemple, toate acestea din cauza faptului c\u0103 popula\u021bia planetei noastre cre\u0219te din ce \u00een ce mai mult, cer\u00e2nd \u00een fiecare zi mai mult\u0103 hran\u0103. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen ultimii treizeci de ani, o nou\u0103 metod\u0103 a fost dezvoltat\u0103 \u00een unele locuri din Brazilia. Agricultorii (sau fermierii) nu mai aleg monocultura, ci urmeaz\u0103 o alt\u0103 cale de produc\u021bie, numit\u0103 Agroforesterie sau Agricultur\u0103 Sintropic\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ernst G\u00f6tsch este pionierul care a ini\u021biat aceast\u0103 metodologie \u00een urm\u0103 cu trei decenii. Ernst este un cercet\u0103tor agronom elve\u021bian cunoscut pentru idealizarea \u0219i diseminarea agroforestieriei \u00een statul Bahia din nord-estul Braziliei \u0219i, ulterior, \u00een \u00eentreaga \u021bar\u0103. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00f6tsch a lucrat mul\u021bi ani \u00een domeniul amelior\u0103rii genetice \u0219i, cu timpul, a \u00eenceput s\u0103 se \u00eentrebe dac\u0103 este cu adev\u0103rat valid\u0103 modificarea genetic\u0103 a plantei \u00een scopul supravie\u021buirii \u00een diferite scenarii \u0219i medii, a\u0219a cum se face ast\u0103zi \u00een monocultur\u0103.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen loc s\u0103 fac\u0103 acest lucru, G\u00f6tsch a decis s\u0103 \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021beasc\u0103 produc\u021bia agricol\u0103 \u00eentr-un mediu mai bogat. Ernst a transformat o zon\u0103 degradat\u0103 de 500 de hectare \u00eentr-o p\u0103dure tropical\u0103 productiv\u0103 \u00een Bahia.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Produc\u021bia de alimente nu este singurul obiectiv al metodei agroforestiere, aceasta fiind, de asemenea, un instrument foarte util pentru recuperarea zonelor degradate \u00een scopul de a reda solului capacit\u0103\u021bile sale productive. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Metoda se caracterizeaz\u0103 prin organizarea, integrarea, echilibrul \u0219i conservarea energetic\u0103 a mediului, permi\u021b\u00e2nd ecosistemului s\u0103 func\u021bioneze \u00eentr-o configura\u021bie natural\u0103. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen practic\u0103, plantele sunt cultivate sub form\u0103 de p\u0103dure, amestecate unele l\u00e2ng\u0103 altele, cu dimensiuni \u0219i caracteristici diferite. Datorit\u0103 acestui aranjament, ecosistemul \u00eencepe s\u0103 tr\u0103iasc\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 creasc\u0103 \u00eentr-un mod sinergic, \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bind nutrien\u021bi, ap\u0103 \u0219i protej\u00e2ndu-se reciproc de molime. Rezultatul este transformarea unui mic ecosistem \u00eentr-o p\u0103dure mare, \u00een care totul este conectat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"F\u0103r\u0103 agricultori, nu exist\u0103 hran\u0103, profesia de agricultor nu este \u00eencurajat\u0103 de \u0219coli, nici m\u0103car \u00een familie, pentru c\u0103 este o via\u021b\u0103 grea, solul se degradeaz\u0103 repede \u00een modul \u00een care se face agricultur\u0103, \u00een fiecare an se \u00eenr\u0103ut\u0103\u021be\u0219te. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dar \u00eentr-un loc \u00een care lucrurile se \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021besc \u00een fiecare an, se creeaz\u0103 un fel de spiral\u0103 de cre\u0219tere\", spune Marsha Hanzi, compar\u00e2nd monocultura \u0219i agroforestul. Marsha este o nord-american\u0103 care locuie\u0219te \u00een Mariz\u00e1, \u00een Bahia, Brazilia. Ea este persoana responsabil\u0103 de ferma numit\u0103 Epicentro.<\/a>, o zon\u0103 pe care ea \u0219i colaboratorii ei au reu\u0219it s\u0103 o recupereze cu succes folosind agroforesta. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Solul fermei a trecut de la nisip la un sol bogat \u0219i foarte productiv, ceea ce arat\u0103 c\u0103 fermierii \u0219i agricultorii ar trebui s\u0103 acorde mai mult\u0103 aten\u021bie agroforestierii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen cazul monoculturii, solul se degradeaz\u0103, pierz\u00e2nd nutrien\u021bi pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce are loc recolta, pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 utilizarea pesticidelor \u0219i a \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103mintelor chimice care afecteaz\u0103, de asemenea, calitatea solului, f\u0103c\u00e2ndu-l s\u0103 fie slab \u0219i greu de recuperat \u00een fiecare sezon.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Pe de alt\u0103 parte, agroforesta nu folose\u0219te pesticide sau alte substan\u021be chimice, av\u00e2nd efectul opus monoculturii, solul se \u00eembog\u0103\u021be\u0219te enorm la fiecare nou\u0103 recolt\u0103 datorit\u0103 disponibilit\u0103\u021bii materiei organice r\u0103mase - cre\u0219te cantitatea de carbon prezent\u0103 la suprafa\u021ba solului, \u00een plant\u0103, deci \u00een mediu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen acest fel, se creeaz\u0103 un ciclu al apei, permi\u021b\u00e2nd ecosistemului s\u0103 produc\u0103 ap\u0103 \u00een mod autonom, \u00een loc s\u0103 o consume pur \u0219i simplu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Toate acestea sporesc biodiversitatea, mai mul\u021bi nutrien\u021bi din sol sunt re\u021binu\u021bi, microclimatul se schimb\u0103 \u0219i se \u00eenregistreaz\u0103 o cre\u0219tere a umidit\u0103\u021bii relative.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Obiectivele majore ale agroforesteriei sunt: crearea mai mult\u0103 via\u021b\u0103, mai mult\u0103 fertilitate a solului \u0219i un mediu care s\u0103 se dezvolte \u00een mod natural.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alte motive pozitive pentru a implementa agroforesta sunt:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

- Reducerea costurilor de plantare \u0219i \u00eentre\u021binere<\/p>\n\n\n\n

- Cre\u0219terea venitului familiei de fermieri<\/p>\n\n\n\n

- \u00cembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea calit\u0103\u021bii alimentelor,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

- Reducerea eroziunii solului<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0219i a\u0219a cum s-a spus mai \u00eenainte,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

- Recuperarea zonelor degradate.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Henrique Souza, un fermier brazilian din Bahia, Brazilia, prieten al lui Ernst, este proprietarul unui alt exemplu de ferm\u0103 agroforestier\u0103 de succes.<\/a>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen documentarul intitulat Cartea naturii<\/a> el explic\u0103 faptul c\u0103 \"agricultura sintetic\u0103 este opusul entropiei care, cu timpul, epuizeaz\u0103 solul, devenind gol de nutrien\u021bi, iar \u00eentr-un sistem sintetic, cu c\u00e2t lucrezi mai mult la el, te dezvol\u021bi \u0219i te raportezi la aceste resurse, cu at\u00e2t acestea cresc \u0219i se m\u0103resc, cresc\u00e2nd \u00een toate aspectele\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Este timpul s\u0103 \u00eencepem s\u0103 punem \u00een practic\u0103 moduri alternative de via\u021b\u0103, moduri care nu provoac\u0103 daune sau poluare planetei noastre. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Monocultura nu este o op\u021biune de produc\u021bie sustenabil\u0103 pe termen lung, deoarece consum\u0103 - f\u0103r\u0103 a da \u00eenapoi - o mul\u021bime de resurse ale solului, l\u0103s\u00e2nd \u00een urm\u0103 un mediu s\u0103rac. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prin urmare, agrosilvicultura \u00eembog\u0103\u021be\u0219te nu numai solul, ci \u0219i \u00eentregul ecosistem, pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 faptul c\u0103 ajut\u0103 mediile s\u0103race s\u0103 se refac\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 devin\u0103 din nou productive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Agroforesta, aceast\u0103 nou\u0103 abordare - o metodologie inspirat\u0103 de natur\u0103 - poate fi un pas important pentru a reduce probleme precum schimb\u0103rile climatice, degradarea solului \u0219i culturile transgenice, oferind \u0219i gener\u00e2nd un impact mai pozitiv la scar\u0103 global\u0103. Fiecare zi este o zi a schimb\u0103rii. A\u0219adar, haide\u021bi s\u0103 \u00eencepem acum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

___<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cu instrumentele platformei Mind the Graph pute\u021bi crea orice infografic care v\u0103 vine \u00een minte. Transform\u0103m oamenii de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 \u00een designeri pentru a le spori impactul.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tu, un om de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 care lucreaz\u0103 cu botanic\u0103<\/a>, nutri\u021bie<\/a>, entomologie<\/a>, sau \u0219tiin\u021bele p\u0103m\u00e2ntului<\/a>, platforma dispune de ilustra\u021bii gata f\u0103cute pe care le pute\u021bi folosi \u00een munca dumneavoastr\u0103. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pute\u021bi cre\u0219te impactul lucr\u0103rii sau al prezent\u0103rii \u0219i v\u0103 pute\u021bi \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bi munca cu ilustra\u021bii frumoase \u0219i precise. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dac\u0103 nu sunte\u021bi \u00eenc\u0103 utilizator, pute\u021bi \u00eencepe o \u00eencercare gratuit\u0103 chiar acum.<\/a>! Vino al\u0103turi de noi \u00een Mind the Graph.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Monocultura a fost principala form\u0103 folosit\u0103 de fermieri \u0219i agricultori pentru a produce alimente pentru a hr\u0103ni o popula\u021bie \u00een continu\u0103 cre\u0219tere. Acest tip de produc\u021bie a cauzat nu una, ci mai multe probleme pentru planet\u0103. Pierderea nutrien\u021bilor din sol, degradarea solului \u0219i incendiile de p\u0103dure sunt c\u00e2teva exemple, toate acestea pentru c\u0103 popula\u021bia planetei noastre este \u00een cre\u0219tere [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":12230,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[66,959,958],"tags":[824,51,825,554],"yoast_head":"\nWhat is Agroforestry and Why It is Better Than Monoculture - MTG<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"People often compare agroforestry and monoculture. 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He has a Ph.D. and solid scientific background in Psychopharmacology and experience as a Guest Researcher at the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry (Germany) and Researcher in D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR, Brazil). Fabricio holds over 2500 citations in Google Scholar. He has 10 years of experience in small innovative businesses, with relevant experience in product design and innovation management. 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