{"id":11803,"date":"2020-10-28T09:30:35","date_gmt":"2020-10-28T11:30:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/?p=11803"},"modified":"2022-10-18T08:09:32","modified_gmt":"2022-10-18T11:09:32","slug":"rt-pcr-test-for-coronavirus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mindthegraph.com\/blog\/ro\/rt-pcr-test-pentru-coronavirus\/","title":{"rendered":"Testul RT-PCR pentru Coronavirus"},"content":{"rendered":"

Din multe lucruri pe care le-a\u021bi auzit despre COVID-19 \u00een 2020, un singur lucru \u00een mijlocul tuturor este testul folosit pentru a detecta dac\u0103 cineva este contaminat cu virusul, celebrul test RT-PCR sau doar PCR.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cu siguran\u021b\u0103, a\u021bi auzit deja despre acest test, de la un medic sau la \u0219tiri. Testul PCR este utilizat pentru a detecta prezen\u021ba (sau nu) a virusului \u00een corpul unei persoane.<\/span><\/p>\n

Testul RT-PCR nu este singurul care poate detecta virusul, dar este, \u00een compara\u021bie cu celelalte metode, cel mai precis \u0219i mai fiabil. Un alt test este testul serologic conven\u021bional, care detecteaz\u0103 nivelurile specifice de anticorpi \u00een probele de s\u00e2nge.<\/span><\/p>\n

Literele din RT-PCR reprezint\u0103 <\/span>Reac\u021bia \u00een lan\u021b a polimerazei de transcrip\u021bie invers\u0103<\/b>, a fost folosit\u0103 de zeci de ani de oamenii de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 pentru a produce mai multe copii ale materialului genetic.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cu alte cuvinte, \u00een acest caz, mai mult material genetic din SARS-CoV-2, care este folosit ca amprent\u0103 digital\u0103 pentru a atesta prezen\u021ba virusului \u00een probele din nas, urechi sau saliv\u0103 recoltate de la pacien\u021bi. Dac\u0103 exist\u0103 vreun virus ascuns \u00een e\u0219antion, chiar \u0219i \u00een cantit\u0103\u021bi mici, acesta va putea fi detectat datorit\u0103 ciclului s\u0103u de copiere-lipire. Acesta este motivul pentru care testul RT-PCR este at\u00e2t de fiabil.<\/span><\/p>\n

Testul<\/b> este o metod\u0103 care are practic dou\u0103 etape \u00een cadrul unui ciclu de temperatur\u0103, care realizeaz\u0103 un proces de copiere-lipire a unei buc\u0103\u021bi de material genetic, fie c\u0103 este vorba de ADN sau ARN.<\/span><\/p>\n

Testul necesit\u0103 un <\/span>termociclator ma\u0219in\u0103<\/b> care are o precizie <\/span>controlul temperaturii \u0219i al timpului<\/b>. Prin mai multe cicluri de temperatur\u0103, materialul genetic viral va cre\u0219te. Un exemplu de ciclu de temperatur\u0103 este prezentat \u00een continuare.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Metoda necesit\u0103 dou\u0103 enzime principale, transcriptaza invers\u0103 (de aceea \"RT\" \u00een titlu) \u0219i ADN-polimeriza. Fiecare dintre ele are o faz\u0103 de ac\u021biune \u0219i o func\u021bie. \u00cen figura de mai sus, faza galben\u0103 a ciclului este cea \u00een care ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 RT, iar faza ro\u0219ie este cea \u00een care ADN-polimeraza \u00ee\u0219i face treaba.<\/span><\/p>\n

Prima enzim\u0103 creeaz\u0103 un lan\u021b de ADN complementar din virusul ARN, permi\u021b\u00e2nd celei de-a doua enzime s\u0103 efectueze opera de copiere-lipire din noul lan\u021b de ADN abia creat, m\u0103rind astfel cantitatea de material genetic prezent. Aceast\u0103 amplificare face posibil\u0103 caracterizarea \u0219i\/sau manipularea materialului genetic, c\u00e2nd \u00eentr-o cantitate mai mic\u0103 nu ar fi posibil.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Pentru ca toate aceste procese s\u0103 aib\u0103 loc, enzimele au nevoie de ajutorul unei molecule mici (sau mari) numite PRIMER. Func\u021bia primerului este de a indica locul \u00een care enzima trebuie s\u0103 \u00eenceap\u0103 s\u0103 extind\u0103 \u0219irurile, f\u0103r\u0103 el procesul de copiere-lipire al ADN-polimerazei nu va \u00eencepe.<\/span><\/p>\n

Amorsa poate fi aleas\u0103 la \u00eent\u00e2mplare sau cu o form\u0103 specific\u0103. \u00cen astfel de cazuri, este foarte important s\u0103 se cunoasc\u0103 harta genetic\u0103 a virusului, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t s\u0103 se poat\u0103 folosi amors\u0103 specific\u0103 pentru a cre\u0219te eficien\u021ba \u0219i fiabilitatea rezultatelor.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dac\u0103 sunte\u021bi curio\u0219i ca \u0219i noi \u0219i dori\u021bi s\u0103 afla\u021bi mai multe detalii despre RT-PCR pute\u021bi verifica mai multe detalii\u00a0<\/span> acest articol \u0219tiin\u021bific <\/span>chiar aici.<\/span><\/a>\u00a0 dar, \u00een esen\u021b\u0103, iat\u0103 tot ceea ce este necesar pentru a face testul:<\/span><\/p>\n

Materialul genetic viral, ARN-ul<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Transcriptaza invers\u0103 \u0219i enzimele ADN-polimerazei<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

PRIMARII<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Trifosfa\u021bi nucleozidici<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u0218i coloran\u021bi fluorescen\u021bi de reportofon:\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Pentru a cunoa\u0219te rezultatele unei probe care poate fi sau nu contaminat\u0103 cu virusul COVID-19, se utilizeaz\u0103 un test cu coloran\u021bi fluorescen\u021bi \u00een combina\u021bie cu testul RT-PCR. Testul se bazeaz\u0103 pe prezen\u021ba sau nu a semnalului fluorescent al unui e\u0219antion. \u00cen absen\u021ba unui semnal, testul poate fi concluzionat ca fiind negativ sau fals-negativ. \u00cen prezen\u021ba unui semnal intens, se poate concluziona nu numai c\u0103 este pozitiv pentru prezen\u021ba virusului, ci \u0219i ca fiind o boal\u0103 \u00een stadiu avansat.<\/span><\/p>\n

Se amestec\u0103 toate ingredientele \u0219i se pun \u00een ma\u0219ina de termocicluire.\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Prima etap\u0103 a testului este prezentat\u0103 \u00een infograficul urm\u0103tor. Enzima RT realizeaz\u0103 prima copie a materialului genetic al virusului prezent \u00een prob\u0103. \u00cen continuare vede\u021bi al doilea pas al metodei RT-PCR. Primerul indic\u0103 pozi\u021bia de start, iar ADN-polimeraza prin reac\u021bie enzimatic\u0103 \u00eencepe s\u0103 extind\u0103 \u0219irurile de ADN.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Testul<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00cen cele din urm\u0103, aceast\u0103 imagine este o imagine micrografic\u0103 electronic\u0103 a virusului SARS-CoV-2 \u0219i se poate vedea perfect structura virusului. Nu-i a\u0219a c\u0103 este frumos?\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Testul este complex \u0219i nu este at\u00e2t de simplu pe c\u00e2t pare a fi, dar pun pariu c\u0103, cu ajutorul infograficelor, a fost mult mai u\u0219or s\u0103 \u00een\u021belegi cum func\u021bioneaz\u0103, nu-i a\u0219a?<\/span><\/p>\n

Pute\u021bi face acest lucru cu orice informa\u021bie \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103 pe care o dori\u021bi folosind\u00a0<\/span> Mind the Graph<\/span><\/a>. Platforma este aici pentru a v\u0103 oferi autonomie \u00een vederea unei mai bune comunic\u0103ri a informa\u021biilor \u0219tiin\u021bifice. Afla\u021bi mai multe despre modul de utilizare a platformei \u0219i dac\u0103 ave\u021bi nevoie de ajutor, v\u0103 rug\u0103m s\u0103 ne contacta\u021bi<\/span>!<\/b><\/p>\n

Referin\u021b\u0103<\/b><\/p>\n

AI, T. et al. Corela\u021bia dintre tomografia toracic\u0103 \u0219i testarea RT-PCR pentru boala Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) \u00een China: Un raport de 1014 cazuri. Radiologie, v. 296, n. 2, p. E32-E40, 26 fev. 2020.<\/span><\/p>\n

GIBELLINI, D. et al. Detectarea cantitativ\u0103 a \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103turii virale a virusului imunodeficien\u021bei umane de tip 1 (HIV-1) prin tehnica RT-PCR \u00een timp real SYBR green la pacien\u021bii HIV-1 seropozitivi. Journal of Virological Methods, v. 115, n. 2, p. 183-189, 1 feb. 2004.<\/span><\/p>\n

JAMES, D. Un protocol simplu \u0219i fiabil de detectare a virusului de r\u0103s\u0103rire a tulpinii de m\u0103r prin RT-PCR \u0219i \u00een cadrul unui test PCR multiplex. Journal of Virological Methods, v. 83, n. 1, p. 1-9, 1 dec. 1999.<\/span><\/p>\n

LI, Y. et al. Probleme de stabilitate a test\u0103rii RT-PCR a SARS-CoV-2 pentru pacien\u021bii spitaliza\u021bi diagnostica\u021bi clinic cu COVID-19. Journal of Medical Virology, v. 92, n. 7, p. 903-908, 2020.<\/span><\/p>\n

LIAO, C.-S. et al. Sistem RT-PCR miniatural pentru diagnosticarea viru\u0219ilor pe baz\u0103 de ARN. Nucleic Acids Research, v. 33, n. 18, p. e156-e156, 1 out. 2005.<\/span><\/p>\n

MOHAN, A. et al. Prevalen\u021ba infec\u021biilor virale detectate prin PCR \u0219i RT-PCR la pacien\u021bii cu exacerbare acut\u0103 a BPOC: o analiz\u0103 sistematic\u0103. Respirology, v. 15, n. 3, p. 536-542, 2010.<\/span><\/p>\n

NOLAN, T.; HANDS, R. E.; BUSTIN, S. A. Cuantificarea ARNm prin RT-PCR \u00een timp real. Nature Protocols, v. 1, n. 3, p. 1559-1582, ago. 2006.<\/span><\/p>\n

Coronavirusul nou SARS-CoV-2 | Acest virus de transmisie electronic\u0103... | Flickr. Disponibil \u00een: . Accesat \u00een: 23 jul. 2020. <\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":11847,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[959,28],"tags":[388,799,554,798,250],"yoast_head":"\nThe RT-PCR Test for Coronavirus - Mind the Graph Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Read this blog to know everything related to the popular COVID-19 test, RT-PCR or only PCR. 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He has a Ph.D. and solid scientific background in Psychopharmacology and experience as a Guest Researcher at the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry (Germany) and Researcher in D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR, Brazil). Fabricio holds over 2500 citations in Google Scholar. He has 10 years of experience in small innovative businesses, with relevant experience in product design and innovation management. 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